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 Type 2 charger. | |||
| Type | Electric vehicle charging | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Production history | |||
| Designer | Mennekes | ||
| Designed | 2009 | ||
| Produced | 2013 | ||
| General specifications | |||
| Length | 200 millimetres (7.9 in) | ||
| Diameter | 70 millimetres (2.8 in) | ||
| Width | 70 millimetres (2.8 in) | ||
| Height | 63 millimetres (2.5 in) | ||
| Pins | 7 (1 earth, 3 line phases, 1 neutral, 2 signalling) | ||
| Connector | VDE-AR-E 2623-2-2 | ||
| Electrical | |||
| Signal | DC, 1‒3 phase AC | ||
| Earth | Dedicated pin | ||
| Max. voltage | 480 V | ||
| Max. current | 300 A | ||
| Data | |||
| Data signal | SAE J1772#Signaling:Resistive /Pulse-width modulation | ||
| Pinout | |||
.svg) | |||
| Pinout for Type 2 plug | |||
| PP | Proximity pilot | pre-insertion signalling | |
| CP | Control pilot | post-insertion signalling | |
| PE | Protective earth | full-current protective earthing system—6-millimetre (0.24 in) diameter | |
| N | Neutral | single-/three-phase AC / DC-mid | |
| L1 | Line 1 | single-/three-phase AC / DC-mid | |
| L2 | Line 2 | three-phase AC / DC-mid | |
| L3 | Line 3 | three-phase AC / DC-mid | |
TheIEC 62196-2Type 2 connector (sometimes, mainly in the USA, falsely referred to asMennekes for the German company that was involved in the development) is used for charging electric vehicles using AC power, mainly within Europe, Australia, NZ and many other countries outside of North America. The Type 2 connector was adopted as the EU standard in 2013, with full compliance required by 2025. The connector was chosen by the EU to promote electric mobility and ensure interoperability between different vehicles and charging stations. The Type 2 connector is equipped with seven pin connectors, which are used for communication between the vehicle and charger using the J1772 signaling protocol, and for either single or 3-phase AC power with a maximum voltage of 500 V, thereby delivering up to 43 kW of power.[1]
A later, modified version of the Type 2 connector which includes two additional DC current pins at the base to allow for high-power (up to 350 kW) DC fast charging, is known as aCombined Charging System (CCS) Combo 2 plug, and has also been adopted as an EU standard.
The connector is circular in shape, with a flattened top edge; the original design specification carried an outputelectric power of 3–50 kW for chargingbattery electric vehicles usingsingle-phase (230V) orthree-phase (400V)alternating current (AC), with a typical maximum of 32 A 7.2 kW using single-phase AC and 22 kW with three-phase AC in common practice.[2] The plugs have openings on the sides that allow both the car and the charger to lock the plug automatically to prevent unwanted interruption of charging or theft of the cable.
As modified byTesla for itsEuropean Supercharger network (up to Version 2), it is capable of outputting 150 kW usingdirect current (DC) via two pins each, with a switch inside the Tesla Model S or X car selecting the required mode. Since 2019, Tesla has adopted the CCS2 connector on their Version 3 Superchargers (outputting 250 kW), including a second cable for CCS support on Version 2 Superchargers, on all European models of the Model 3 and Y, with a hardware upgrade and adapter for pre-2019 Model S and X vehicles,[3] and since 2022 on Model S and X as the new connector.[4]
The Type 2 connector system was originally proposed byMennekes in 2009. The system was later tested and standardized by theGerman Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) asVDE-AR-E 2623-2-2, and subsequently recommended by theEuropean Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) in 2011. In January 2013, the IEC 62196 Type 2 connector was selected by theEuropean Commission as official AC charging plug within theEuropean Union.[5] It has since been adopted as the recommended connector in most countries worldwide, including New Zealand.[6] When passing AC, the maximum power of the Mennekes connector is 43 kW.[7] The IEC 62196 Type 1 connector (codified underSAE J1772) is the corresponding standard for single-phase AC charging in the United States, Canada, and South Korea.[8] J1772 has a maximum output of 19.2 kW.[9]
In North America, the same Type 2 physical connector is used forthree-phase AC charging under theSAE J3068 standard, which usesLocal Interconnect Network (LIN) for control signaling based on IEC 61851-1 Edition 3 Annex D.[10][11] J3068 increases the maximum output to 166 kW using three-phase AC.[9]
The same physical connector is also used inChina under theGuobiao standardGB/T 20234.2-2015 for AC-charging, with gender differences for the vehicle and electric vehicle supply equipment. GB/T 20234-2 specifies cables with Type 2-style male connectors on both ends, and a female inlet on vehicles[12]—the opposite gender to the rest of the world, and with different control signaling.
The Combined Charging System Combo 2 "fast charging" connector uses the signaling and protective earth pins of the Type 2 connector and adds two direct current (DC) pins for rapid charging, with DC power supplied at rates up to approximately 350 kW.[8]
![Terminology[13]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.m.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aElectric_car_charging_(ACEA_terminology).svg) | |||||||
| Region / Standard | Socket outlet | Connecting cable | Vehicle inlet | Electrical | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plug | Connector | Phase (φ) | Current | Voltage | |||
| EU /IEC 62196 Type 2 | Female | Male | Female | Male | 1φ | 70 A | 480 V |
| 3φ | 63 A | ||||||
| US /SAE J3068 AC6 | Permanently connected | Female | Male | 3φ | 100, 120, 160 A | 208, 480, 600 V | |
| China /GB/T 20234.2 | Female | Male | Male | Female | 1φ (3φ reserved) | 16, 32 A | 250/400 V |
As specified byIEC 62196,cars are fitted with a standardized malevehicle inlet, whilstcharging stations are fitted with a femalesocket outlet, either directly on the outside of the charging station, or via aflexible cable with permanently attachedconnector on the end. When the charging station is equipped with a permanently fixed cable, theconnector end of the cable can be attached directly into thevehicle inlet, similar to using apetrol pump and when no fixed cable is available, a separate male-to-female cable is used to connect the vehicle, either using the charging station, or from a traditionalIEC 60309-2 industrial connector.
The Type 2 connector system was originally proposed byMennekes in 2009 leading to the colloquial name ofMennekes. The system was later tested and standardized by theGerman Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) asVDE-AR-E 2623-2-2, and subsequently recommended by theEuropean Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) in 2011. As of 2015[update], Type 2 is intended to replace the previous vehicle connectors used for AC charging within the Europeanelectric vehicle network, displacing both Type 1 (SAE J1772) and Type 3 (EV Plug Alliance Types 3A and 3C; colloquially,Scame) connectors. For DC charging, theCombo 2 socket (Type 2 supplemented with 2 DC pins) shall become standard in cars, replacing Type 4CHAdeMO. The transition period is scheduled to last until 2020.[14][needs update]
The IEC 62196 Type 2 connector is used in a slightly modified form for all EuropeanTeslaModel S andModel X vehicles, and the EuropeanTesla Supercharger network.[15] As of 2017 Tesla is the only automaker which offers charging withalternating current anddirect current based on theIEC 62196-2 specification. For charging with direct current the specification IEC 62196-3Combined Charging System (CCS) is favored in Europe.[16]
The connectors contain seven contact places: two small and five larger. The top row consists of two small contacts for signaling, the middle row contains three pins, the center pin is used for Earthing, while the outer two pins used for the power supply, optionally in conjunction with the two pins on the bottom row which are also for power supply. Three pins are always used for the same purposes:
The allocation of the four normal power supply pins vary depending on the mode of operation. They are allocated as:
| Mode | Maximum | (A1) | (C1) | (E1) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volts | Amps | (B2) | (D2) | |||
| Single-phase AC | 500V AC | 1×80A | Neutral (N) | Earth (PE) | AC (L1) | |
| N/C | N/C | |||||
| Three-phase AC | 3×63A | Neutral (N) | Earth (PE) | AC (L1) | ||
| AC (L3) | AC (L2) | |||||
| Combined single-phase AC and low-current DC | 500V AC/DC | 1×80A (AC) & 1×70A (DC) | Neutral (N) | Earth (PE) | AC (L1) | |
| DC (+) | DC (-) | |||||
| Low-current DC | 500V DC | 1×80A (DC) | N/C | Earth (PE) | N/C | |
| DC (+) | DC (-) | |||||
| Mid-current DC | 1×140A (DC) | DC (+) | Earth (PE) | DC (-) | ||
| DC (+) | DC (-) | |||||
Some vehicle inlets may contain the extra connections to allow theCCS DC-only charger (high-current DC) to be inserted.[18]
Communication takes place over the CP/PP signaling pins between the charger, cable, and vehicle to ensure that the highest common denominator of voltage and current is selected.
The signaling protocol is identical to that of Type 1 connectors as described in theSAE J1772 standard.
Future AC Charging Options… An additional standard (SAE J3068) is under development for higher rates of AC charging using three-phase power, …adapted from the European three-phase charging standards and specified for North American AC grid voltages and requirements.
J3068 adopts the European Type 2 coupler, 5 wire with neutral and adds a simple, robust, inexpensive and established datalink:LIN pulse width is the same as 5%PWM, so filters do not change.
Reuse of 6mm earth pin of AC connector allows non isolated DC charging or use of one isolation transformer for several vehicles at up to 250A DC
| Vehicle |   | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | |||||||||||
| Charging |
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| Practices | |||||||||||
