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Treaty of Lubowla

Treaty of Lubowla of 1412 was a treaty betweenWładysław II, King ofPoland, andSigismund of Luxemburg, King ofHungary. They Negotiated in the town of Lublo (todayStará Ľubovňa,Slovakia), it was confirmed later that year inBuda.

Treaty of Lubowla
TheSpiš (Spisz) region. Light blue and green areas show the pawned territories, red line shows current borders, yellow former border between then Hungary and Poland and the black borders between counties
SignedMarch 15, 1412 (1412-03-15)
LocationLubowla (nowStará Ľubovňa,Slovakia)
PartiesKingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary

Treaty

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The treaty was negotiated byStibor of Stiboricz andZawisza Czarny, two of the most famous Polish knights of thelate Middle Ages. The Hungarian state was experiencing large financial problems due to constant wars with theOttoman Empire, as well as pressure from theHabsburg family. The provisions of the treaty included confirmation of theFirst Peace of Thorn between Poland and theTeutonic Knights. At the same time, Hungary offered secretly to support the Polish rights to the province ofPomerelia, lost to the Teutonic Order. Finally, in exchange for a loan ofsixty times the amount of 37,000Prague groschen, that is approximately seven tonnes of pure silver, the Hungarian crown pawned 16 rich salt-producing towns in the area ofSpisz (Szepes), as well as a right to incorporate them into Poland until the debt is repaid.

After the meeting inStará Ľubovňa, the Polish delegation with King Władysław Jagiełło proceeded toKošice, where they were met by the Hungarian king. Then they proceeded toTokaj,Debrecen, and finally to the tomb ofSaint Ladislaus inNagyvárad. From there they proceeded toBuda, where the treaty was officially signed in presence of KingTvrtko II of Bosnia, fourteen dukes and princes, three archbishops, eleven bishops and ambassadors of seventeen states, including the Tartar Horde and the Ottoman Empire, as well as roughly 40,000 nobles and knights. To commemorate the event, a tournament was organized, in which both Polish and Hungarian knights took part. Among them wereZawisza Czarny, his brother Firlej, Scibor Jedrzny of Ostoja, Dobko of Oleśnica andPowała of Taczew.

Aftermath

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The treaty was never broken yet the debt was not repaid and the area ofSpisz remained a part of Poland until thePartitions of Poland in late 18th century, when in 1769, during theBar Confederation, the Austrian forces ofJoseph II, Holy Roman Emperor took control of the towns acting under the pretext of securing the region from war. It never returned to Poland; instead, Polish weakness encouraged theHabsburg monarchy to take part in theFirst Partition of Poland.

See also

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References

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  • Julia Radziszewska,Studia spiskie. Katowice 1985(in Polish)
  • Terra Scepusiensis. Stan badań nad dziejami Spiszu, Lewocza-Wrocław, 2003.(in Polish)

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