Atrace element is achemical element of a minute quantity, a trace amount, especially used in referring to amicronutrient,[1][2] but is also used to refer to minor elements in the composition of arock, or otherchemical substance.
Innutrition, trace elements are classified into two groups: essential trace elements, and non-essential trace elements. Essential trace elements are needed for many physiological and biochemical processes in both plants and animals. Not only do trace elements play a role in biological processes but they also serve as catalysts to engage inredox – oxidation and reduction mechanisms.[3] Trace elements of someheavy metals have abiological role as essentialmicronutrients.
Types
editThe two types of trace element inbiochemistry are classed as essential or non-essential.
Essential trace elements
editAn essential trace element is adietary element, amineral that is only needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the organism.[4] The essential trace elements are those that are required to perform vital metabolic activities in organisms.[5] Essential trace elements inhuman nutrition, and other animals includeiron (Fe) (hemoglobin),copper (Cu) (respiratory pigments),cobalt (Co) (Vitamin B12),iodine (I),manganese (Mn),chlorine (Cl),molybdenum (Mo),selenium (Se) andzinc (Zn) (enzymes).[5][6] Although they are essential, they become toxic at high concentrations.[7]
Non-essential trace elements
editNon-essential trace elements includesilver (Ag),cadmium (Cd),mercury (Hg), andlead (Pb). They have no known biological function in mammals, with toxic effects even at low concentration.[5]
The structural components of cells and tissues that are required in the diet in gram quantities daily are known asbulk elements.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Bhattacharya, Preeti Tomar; Misra, Satya Ranjan; Hussain, Mohsina (2016-06-28)."Nutritional Aspects of Essential Trace Elements in Oral Health and Disease: An Extensive Review".Scientifica.2016:1–12.doi:10.1155/2016/5464373.PMC 4940574.PMID 27433374.
- ^"Definition of Trace element".www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved30 June 2023.
- ^"What are Trace Elements ?"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2023-02-18. Retrieved2020-12-06.
- ^Bowen, Humphrey John Moule (1966).Trace elements in biochemistry.Academic Press.ISBN 9780121209506.
- ^abcSoto-Jiménez, Martin (December 2011)."Trace element trophic transfer in aquatic food webs".Hidrobiológica.21 (3):239–248.ISSN 0188-8897. Retrieved5 November 2018.
- ^Shier, Butler, Lewis, David, Jackie, Ricki (2016).Hole's Human Anatomy Fourteenth Edition. New York: McGraw Hill Education. p. 59.ISBN 978-0-07-802429-0.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^Jomova K, Makova M, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Rhodes CJ, Valko M (November 2022)."Essential metals in health and disease".Chem Biol Interact.367: 110173.Bibcode:2022CBI...36710173J.doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110173.PMID 36152810.
- ^"Essential Elements for Life".saylordotorg.github.io. Retrieved2023-02-13.