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The Zoologist

The Zoologist was a monthlynatural historymagazine established in 1843 byEdward Newman and published inLondon. Newman acted aseditor-in-chief until his death in 1876, when he was succeeded, first byJames Edmund Harting (1876–1896), and later byWilliam Lucas Distant (1897–1916).

The Zoologist
cover of first issue
DisciplineZoology
Languageen
Edited byE. Newman (1843–1876),
J.E. Harting (1876–1896),
W.L. Distant (1897–1916)
Publication details
History1843–1916
Publisher
John Van Voorst (1843–1886),Simpkin, Marshall & Co. (1886–1915), West, Newman & Co. (1897–1916) (United Kingdom)
Frequencymonthly
Standard abbreviations
ISO 4 (alt) ·Bluebook (alt)
NLM ·MathSciNet
ISO 4Zoologist

Originating from an enlargement ofThe Entomologist,The Zoologist described itself as "an illustrated monthly magazine of natural history", but also as a "journal for recording facts & anecdotes relating to quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, annelides, insects, worms, zoophytes, &c." and it aimed at describing "their habits, food, retreats, occasional appearance, migrations, nests and young."[1] It contained long articles, short notes, comments on current events, and book reviews covering the entire Animal Kingdom throughout the world, untilThe Entomologist was separated again in 1864. Initially, half of the space was devoted tobirds, rising to two-thirds later.[2]

In 1916The Zoologist was amalgamated withBritish Birds.

Founders

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The Zoologist was one of the projects of the "entepreneurial scientific printer and publisher"Edward Newman. He was anentomologist with a wide network of contacts with other naturalists, and one of the founders of theEntomological Society of London in 1833. Apart from being a printer and publisher, he also published himself on a wide range of subjects.[3]

The idea behindThe Zoologist was, rather than (only) publishing articles by experts, to rely on its readers to furnish it with material. Apart from the commercial aspect, this was also a demonstration of an early belief in the power ofcitizen science by its founder.[3]Newman was strongly inspired by the 18th centuryparson-naturalistGilbert White, who wroteThe Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, published in 1789, and reprinted hundreds of times since.[4]

Newman can be characterised as a typical representative of the English popular science periodical editor of the nineteenth century.[5] He had already contributed to theMagazine of Natural History; he edited and printed theEntomological Magazine from 1832 to 1836, and then theEntomologist from 1840 to 1842.

In 1889,James Edmund Harting, who was then the editor ofThe Zoologist, wrote an extensive memorial (of nearly twenty-two pages) forFrederick Bond. In this text he reminded that Bond was "one of those who—with thebrothers Doubleday,Thomas Bell, William Borrer, Bree,Couch, W.B. Fisher,J.H. Gurney,Hewitson, Waring Kidd,A.E. Knox, Bodd, Salmon,Frederick Smith,William Thompson, andYarrell (...)—helped the late Edward Newman to found"The Zoologist.[6]

Editors

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The first editor ofThe Zoologist wasEdward Newman. He died in 1876. Volume 11 of the second series, the thirty-fourth volume of the journal, was the last volume with which he was connected.

The third series, starting in 1877 and ending in 1896, was edited byJames Edmund Harting.

William Lucas Distant was the editor of the fourth series, from 1878 to 1914 (vol. 18).

The last two volumes of the fourth series, and of the journal, were edited byFrank Finn.

Four series

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The Zoologist appeared in four series:

  • First series: 1843–1865 (vols. 1–23)
  • Second series: 1866–1876 (vols. 1–10)
  • Third series: 1877–1896 (vols. 1–20)
  • Fourth series: 1897–1916 (vols. 1–20)

First series, 1843–1865

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The first series ofThe Zoologist was edited byEdward Newman and published byJohn Van Voorst in London. From the beginning Newman received contributions from many naturalists. In the first year for instanceJohn Christopher Atkinson,Henry Doubleday,John Henry Gurney Sr.,Frederick Bond, andWilliam Yarrell wrote articles. Newman also contributed articles himself.

In general, the first volumes were published in monthly issues of 32 pages, and also as an annual.[7] The pages were numbered continuously, so for instance the first issue of the fourth volume (January 1846) was numbered pp. 1201–1232 and the twelfth issue of the twenty-third volume (December 1865) was numbered 9825–9848.

Second series, 1866–1876

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The second series, containing eleven volumes, was also edited by Newman. Starting in January 1866, the page numbering started anew on page 1 and ended with page 5180 in December 1876.

Third series, 1877–1896

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Editor:James Edmund Harting.

Fourth series, 1897–1916

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Editor of the fourth series wasWilliam Lucas Distant, until 1914. Distant mentioned in his 'Valedictory Address' "the substitution of the camera for the gun, more especially among ornithologists."[8] The last two volumes of the journal were edited byFrank Finn. Starting in January 1917The Zoologist was incorporated inBritish Birds (founded 1908).[9]

Starting with the first issue of the new series the summaries of the proceedings of the scientific societies were no longer a part of the journal.

In 1899Edmund Selous wrote his first articles, inThe Zoologist, about his observations near a nest ofNightjars (Caprimulgus europaeus).[10] A year later he published his study on "the Great Plover", theEurasian stone-curlew,Burhinus oedicnemus.[11]

In 1899Henry Eliot Howard published his first articles in the magazine, about birds in North Worcestershire and in the North-West of Ireland.[12][13]

In 1900 the naturalistArthur Henry Patterson published the first part of his study on the birds ofGreat Yarmouth and surroundings.[14]

Articles

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Among the numerous articles that appeared inThe Zoologist over the years were:

See also

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References

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  1. ^Newman, Edward, ed. (January 1843)."Title page of first issue" .The Zoologist. 1.1 – viaWikisource.
  2. ^Bourne 1995, pp. 3.
  3. ^abWale (n.d.).
  4. ^See for instance his preface to the first volume ofThe Zoologist:Newman, Edward (1843)."Preface" .The Zoologist. 1.1: v – viaWikisource.
  5. ^Susan Sheets-Pyenson (1985). "Popular science periodicals in Paris and London: The emergence of a low scientific culture, 1820–1875".Annals of Science.42 (6):549–572.doi:10.1080/00033798500200361.PMID 11620778. See especially p. 561. Sheets-Pyenson first suggested the word "low science" for periodicals that attempted to "establish their own canons of scientific investigation, criticism, and explanation." (p. 551) See alsoWale (2022), p. 4
  6. ^Harting, J. E. (1889)."Memoir of the late Frederick Bond, F.Z.S., F.E.S."The Zoologist. 3rd series, vol. 13 (155, November):401–422.
  7. ^Newman, Edward (ed.) (1843)."Advertisement".The Zoologist. 1.1: xvi.
  8. ^W.L. Distant (1914)."Valedictory Address".The Zoologist. 4.18: iv.
  9. ^""The Zoologist"".British Birds.10 (8). 1917-01-01. See also:title page of vol. 10, issue 8 ofBritish Birds—the first issue with the text "With which is incorporated 'The Zoologist'".
  10. ^Selous 1899.
  11. ^Selous 1900.
  12. ^Howard 1899a.
  13. ^Howard 1899b.
  14. ^Patterson 1900–1901.
  15. ^Warren, Amy (1879). "The land and freshwater Mollusca of Mayo and Sligo".The Zoologist.3:25–29.
  16. ^"Zoologist (The)".ajol.com. Retrieved2023-12-02.
  17. ^"Australian Zoologist".meridian.allenpress.com. Retrieved2023-12-02.

Sources

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External links

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