The BFG (short forThe Big Friendly Giant) is a 1982children's novel by British authorRoald Dahl. It is an expansion of ashort story from Dahl's 1975 novelDanny, the Champion of the World. The book is dedicated to Dahl's oldest daughter, Olivia, who had died of measlesencephalitis at the age of seven in 1962.^[1]

The BFG

First edition cover
Author	Roald Dahl
Original title	THE BFG
Illustrator	Quentin Blake
Language	English
Subject	Fiction
Genre	Children's,Fantasy
Published	14 January 1982Jonathan Cape (original) Penguin Books (current)
Publication place	United Kingdom
Media type	Paperback
Pages	208
ISBN	0-224-02040-4

Ananimated adaptation was released in 1989 withDavid Jason providing the voice of the BFG andAmanda Root as the voice of Sophie. It has also been adapted as a theatre performance.^[2] A theatricalDisney live-action adaptation directed bySteven Spielberg was released in 2016.

As of 2009, the novel has sold 37 million copies, with more than one million copies sold around the world yearly.^[3] In 2003,The BFG was listed at number 56 inThe Big Read, aBBC survey of the British public.^[4] In 2012, the novel was ranked number 88 among all-time best children's novels in a survey published bySchool Library Journal, a US monthly.^[5] That same year, the BFG and Sophie appeared onRoyal Mailcommemorative postage stamps.^[6]

Sophie, a young girl in an orphanage, cannot sleep. Looking out of her window, she sees a mysterious giant man in the street, carrying a suitcase and a trumpet. The giant sees Sophie, who tries to hide in bed, but the giant picks her up through the window. Sophie is carried to a large cave in the middle of a desolate land, where the giant sets her down. Believing that he intends to eat her, Sophie pleads for her life, but the giant laughs and dismisses the idea. He explains that although most giants do eat humans, he does not because he is the Big Friendly Giant, or BFG; he had carried Sophie off merely so she would not reveal that she had seen a real giant, which would put him at risk of being captured for a zoo-exhibit.

The BFG explains, in a unique and messy speech, that his nine neighbours are much bigger and stronger giants, who all happily eat humans every night. They vary their choice of destination both to avoid detection and because the humans' origins affect their taste. For example, people from Greece taste greasy, so no giant goes there, while people from Panama taste like hats. As he will never allow Sophie to leave in case she tells anyone of his existence, the BFG reveals the purpose of his suitcase and trumpet: he catches dreams in Dream Country, collects them in jars, and gives the good ones to children all around the world, but destroys the bad ones. Since he does not eat people, he must eat the only crop which grows on his land —-- the repulsive snozzcumber, which looks like a cucumber.

When the Bloodbottler, one of the other giants, enters the cave uninvited, Sophie hides in the snozzcumber; not knowing this, the BFG, in the hope that its revolting taste will drive the Bloodbottler away and thus prevent him from discovering Sophie, tricks the Bloodbottler into eating the vegetable. The Bloodbottler takes a bite of the snozzcumber; unknowingly putting Sophie in his mouth. Luckily, the larger giant spits her out unnoticed and leaves in disgust, much to the BFG's and Sophie's relief. They then drink frobscottle, a delicious fizzy drink where the bubbles sink downwards rather than upwards, causing powerful and noisy flatulence, which the BFG calls "whizzpopping".

The BFG takes Sophie to Dream Country but is bullied along the way by his neighbors, led by Fleshlumpeater, the largest and strongest. Sophie watches the BFG catch two dreams—while one would be a good dream, the other is a nightmare. Resentful of the other giants' mistreatment of him earlier that day, the BFG sneaks up to where they are napping and looses the nightmare on Fleshlumpeater, who has a dream abouta giant killer named Jack and accidentally starts a brawl with his companions due to his indiscriminate flailing and thrashing about while still asleep.

Sophie persuades the BFG to approach the Queen of England for help with the other giants. She navigates the giant to Buckingham Palace, where he places Sophie in the Queen's bedroom. He then gives the Queen a nightmare that closely parallels actual events; because the BFG setting Sophie in her bedroom was part of the dream, the Queen believes her and speaks with the giant over breakfast. Fully convinced, she authorizes a task force to travel to the giants' homeland and secure them as they sleep.

The BFG guides a fleet of helicopters to the sleeping giants. Eight are successfully shackled, but the Fleshlumpeater awakes; Sophie and the BFG trick him into being tied up. Having collected the BFG's dream collection, the helicopters carry all nine giants back to England, where they are imprisoned in a massive pit.

Every country that the giants had visited in the past sends thanks and gifts to the BFG and Sophie, for whom residences are built in Windsor Great Park. Tourists come in huge numbers to watch the giants in the pit, who are only fed snozzcumbers (although they receive an unexpected welcome snack when three drunks manage to climb the safety fence one night and fall in). The BFG receives the official title of Royal Dream-Blower, and continues bestowing dreams upon children; he also learns to speak and write more intelligibly, writing a book identified as the novel itself, under another's name.

• Sophie: The imaginative, creative, nearsighted and kind-hearted protagonist of the story who becomes a brave international heroine. Named after Dahl's first grandchild,Sophie Dahl.^[7] Voiced byAmanda Root in the 1989 film and portrayed byRuby Barnhill in the 2016 film.
• The BFG: A friendly 24-foot-tall giant who has superhuman hearing and immense speed. His primary occupation is the collection and distribution of good dreams to children. He also appears in another novel,Danny, the Champion of the World, in which he is introduced as a folkloric character. His name is aninitialism of 'Big Friendly Giant'. Voiced byDavid Jason in the 1989 film and motion-captured byMark Rylance in the 2016 film.
• The Queen: The British monarch. Firm, bold, and ladylike, she plays an important role in helping Sophie and the BFG. Voiced byAngela Thorne in the 1989 film and portrayed byPenelope Wilton in the 2016 film.
• Mary: The Queen's maid. Voiced byMollie Sugden in the 1989 film and portrayed byRebecca Hall in the 2016 film.
• Mr. Tibbs: The Queen's butler. Voiced byFrank Thornton in the 1989 film and portrayed byRafe Spall in the 2016 film.
• Mrs. Clonkers: Theunseen director of the orphanage in which Sophie lives at the start of the novel; described as cruel to her charges. Voiced byMyfanwy Talog in the 1989 film and portrayed byMarilyn Norry in the 2016 film.
• The Heads of the Army and the Air Force: Two officers answering to the Queen. Voiced byMichael Knowles andBallard Berkeley in the 1989 film and portrayed by Chris Shields andMatt Frewer in the 2016 film.
• Nine Man-Eating Giants: Each man-eating giant is about 50-feet-tall and proportionately broad and powerful. Their only clothes are skirt-like coverings around their waists. According to the BFG, the flavours of the humans that the man-eating giants dine on depends on their country of origin:Turks taste liketurkey,Greeks are too greasy (and hence apparently no giant ever visits that country), people fromPanama taste like hats, theWelsh taste like fish, people fromJersey taste like cardigans, and theDanes taste like dogs.
  • The Fleshlumpeater: The leader of the nine man-eating giants and the largest and most horrible of the bunch. He shows no mercy for eating so many humans over the years, and is happy with what he has done and would continue it if he could. Voiced byDon Henderson in the 1989 film and motion-captured byJemaine Clement in the 2016 film.
  • The Bloodbottler: Second-in-command to the Fleshlumpeater and also the smartest of the bunch. He has a fondness for the taste of human blood. Voiced byDon Henderson in the 1989 film and motion-captured byBill Hader in the 2016 film.
  • The Manhugger: One of the nine man-eating giants. Motion-captured byAdam Godley in the 2016 film.
  • The Meatdripper: One of the nine man-eating giants. He pretends to be a tree in a park so that he can pick off the humans that go under him or families that stop to have a picnic underneath him. Motion-captured by Paul Moniz de Sa in the 2016 film.
  • The Childchewer: One of the nine man-eating giants. He is best friends with the Meatdripper and, true to the name, he enjoys the taste of children the most of all. Motion-captured by Jonathan Holmes in the 2016 film.
  • The Butcher Boy: The youngest of the nine man-eating giants. Motion-captured byMichael Adamthwaite in the 2016 film.
  • The Maidmasher: One of the nine man-eating giants. The name suggests he mashes maidens, but further details are never provided. Motion-captured byÓlafur Darri Ólafsson in the 2016 film.
  • The Bonecruncher: One of the nine man-eating giants. He crunches up two humans for dinner every night and especially enjoys eating people from Turkey, making him the picky eater of the bunch, although he will go to other countries such as joining the other eight in a trip to England. Motion-captured by Daniel Bacon in the 2016 film.
  • The Gizzardgulper: The shortest of the nine man-eating giants. He often lies above the rooftops of the cities to grab people walking down the streets. Motion-captured by Chris Gibbs in the 2016 film.

Despite Roald Dahl having enjoined his publishers not to "so much as change a single comma in one of my books", in February 2023Puffin Books, a division ofPenguin Books, announced it would be re-writing portions of many of Dahl's children's novels, changing the language to, in the publisher's words, "ensure that it can continue to be enjoyed by all today."^[8] The decision was met with sharp criticism from groups and public figures including authorsSalman Rushdie^[9][10][11] andChristopher Paolini,^[11] British prime ministerRishi Sunak,^[9][10]Queen Camilla,^[9][12]Kemi Badenoch,^[13]PEN America,^[9] andBrian Cox.^[13] Dahl's publishers in the United States, France, and the Netherlands announced they had declined to incorporate the changes.^[9]

InThe BFG, more than eighty changes were made, including changing or removing references to colour in people (such as changing "Something very tall and very black and very thin" to "Something very tall and very dark and very thin", "the flashing black eyes" to "the flashing eyes", "their skins were burnt brown by the sun" to "their skins were burnt by the sun", "white as a sheet" to "still as a statue", and removing "His skin was reddish-brown"), changing "mother and father" to "parents" and "boys and girls" to "children", and changing "Esquimo" to "Inuit", "Sultan of Baghdad" to "Mayor of Baghdad", and "man-eating giants" to "human-eating giants".^[14][15]

The BFG first appears as a story told to Danny by his father inDanny, the Champion of the World. The ending is almost the same asJames and the Giant Peach, when he writes a story about himself, by himself. Also, Mr. Tibbs relates to Mrs. Tibbs, the friend of Mr. Gilligrass, the U.S. president inCharlie and the Great Glass Elevator.

The BFG has won numerous awards including the 1985Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis as the year's best children's book, in its German translationSophiechen und der Riese^[16] and the 1991 Read Alone and Read AloudBILBY Awards from theChildren's Book Council of Australia.^[17]

In 2003 it was ranked number 56 inThe Big Read, a two-stage survey of the British public by theBBC to determine the "Nation's Best-loved Novel".^[4] The U.S.National Education Association listedThe BFG among the "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children" based on a 2007 online poll.^[18] In 2012, it was ranked number 88 among all-time children's novels in a survey published bySchool Library Journal, a monthly with primarily U.S. audience. It was the fourth of four books by Dahl among the Top 100, more than any other writer.^[5] In 2023, the novel was ranked byBBC at no. 41 in their poll of "The 100 greatest children's books of all time".^[19]

• ISBN 0-224-02040-4 (hardcover, 1982)
• ISBN 0-374-30469-6 (hardcover, 1982)
• ISBN 0-590-06019-8 (paperback, 1982)
• ISBN 0-435-12279-7 (hardcover, 1984)
• ISBN 0-14-031597-7 (paperback, 1984)
• ISBN 0-14-034019-X (paperback, 1985)
• ISBN 1-85715-924-1 (hardcover, 1993)
• ISBN 0-679-42813-5 (hardcover, 1993)
• ISBN 0-14-130105-8 (paperback, 1998)
• ISBN 0-14-130283-6 (paperback, 1999)
• ISBN 0-14-131137-1 (paperback, 2001)
• ISBN 0-224-06452-5 (hardcover, 2002)
• ISBN 978-0-14-241038-7 /ISBN 0-14-241038-1 (paperback, 2007)
• ISBN 0-14-133216-6 (audio CD read byNatasha Richardson)

• ISBN 90-261-1275-0 (De GVR, Dutch, 1983)^[20]
• ISBN 0-14-130105-8 (El gran gigante bonachón, Spanish, 1984)^[21]
• ISBN 3-498-01250-9 (Sophiechen und der Riese, German, 1984)^[22]
• ISBN 2-07-051372-6 (Le bon gros géant, French, 1984)^[23]
• ISBN 4-566-01057-0 (オ・ヤサシ巨人BFG (O yasashi kyojin bīefujī, Japanese, 1985)^[24]
• ISBN 88-7782-004-7 (Il GGG, Italian, 1987)^[25]
• ISBN 0-624-03190-X (Die GSR: die groot sagmoedige reus, Afrikaans, 1993)^[26]
• ISBN 89-527-0972-1 (내 친구 꼬마 거인 (Nae ch'in'gu kkoma kŏin), Korean, 1997)^[27]
• ISBN 99927-33-02-0 (Gjiganti i madh i mirë, Albanian, 199-)^[28]
• ISBN 7-5332-3227-5 (好心眼儿巨人 (Hǎo xīnyǎn'ér Jùrén), Chinese, 2000)^[29]
• ISBN 1-904357-03-2 (Yr CMM: yr èc èm èm, Welsh, 2003)^[30]
• ISBN 973-576-573-X (Uriașul cel príetenos, Romanian, 2005)^[31]
• ISBN 83-240-3949-X (Wielkomilud, Polish, 2016)^[32]
• ISBN 978-9082197044 (De GFR, West Frisian, 2016)^[33]

• In 1991, SirMichael Hordern narrated an 8-part adaptation onBBC Radio 5, running from 25 March to 3 April.^[34]
• In 2006,Natasha Richardson narrated an unabridged recording forHarper Childrens Audio.^[35]
• In 2016,David Walliams narrated an unabridged recording forPuffin Audio.^[36]

Between 1986 and 1998, the novel was adapted into a newspaper comic by journalist Brian Lee and artistBill Asprey. It was published in theMail on Sunday and originally a straight adaptation, with scripts accepted byRoald Dahl himself. After a while the comic started following its own storylines and continued long after Dahl's death in 1990.^[37]

The novel was adapted for the stage byDavid Wood and premiered at theWimbledon Theatre in 1991 and has since been performed in theWest End and theatres across the UK and USA.^[38][39]

TheRoyal Shakespeare Company andChichester Festival Theatre will present a new stage adaptation by Tom Wells and directed byDaniel Evans, which will open at theRoyal Shakespeare Theatre,Stratford-upon-Avon in November 2025 for the Christmas season, before transferring to Chichester in March 2026.^[40]

On 25 December 1989,ITV broadcast an animated film based on the book and produced by Cosgrove Hall Films on television, withDavid Jason providing the voice of the BFG andAmanda Root as the voice of Sophie. The film was dedicated to animatorGeorge Jackson who worked on numerousCosgrove Hall productions.

A theatrical live-action film adaptation was produced byWalt Disney Pictures, directed bySteven Spielberg, and starringMark Rylance as the BFG, as well asRuby Barnhill,Penelope Wilton,Jemaine Clement,Rebecca Hall,Rafe Spall, andBill Hader. The film was released on 1 July 2016, to positive critical reception. However, the film was financially unsuccessful.

As of 2021 TV series based onThe BFG is being developed as part ofNetflix's "animated series event", based on Roald Dahl's books.^[41]