TAS stands for Total Alkali Silica. TheTAS classification can be used to assign names to many common types ofvolcanic rocks based upon the relationships between the combinedalkali andsilica contents. These chemical parameters are useful because the relative proportions of alkalis and silica are important in determining bothnormative mineralogy and actual mineralogy. The classification can be simple to use for rocks that have been chemically analyzed. Except for the following quotation from Johannsen (1937), this discussion is based upon Le Maitre et al (2002).

Before using the TAS or any other classification, some particular guidance by Johannsen (1937) should be kept in mind.

Many and peculiar are the classifications that have been proposed for igneous rocks. Their variability depends in part upon the purpose for which each was intended, and in part upon the difficulties arising from the characters of the rocks themselves. The trouble is not with the classifications but with nature which did not make things right. … Rocks must be classified in order to compare them with others, previously described, of similar composition and appearance. If this cannot be done on a genetic basis, then an artificial system must answer in order to serve as a card index to rock descriptions. Although this may be an evil thing, it is, at least, the least of several evils.

The TAS classification cannot be applied to all volcanic rocks—as discussed in detail by Le Maitre et al (2002). Certain rocks cannot be classified/named using the diagram. For others, additional chemical, mineralogic, ortextural criteria must be used, as e.g.lamprophyres.

The TAS classification should be applied only to rocks for which the mineral mode analysis cannot be determined. Otherwise, a scheme based on mineralogy, such as theQAPF diagram, or one of the other diagrams available forigneous rocks may be suitable. Before classifying rocks using the TAS diagram, the chemical analyses must be recalculated to 100% excluding water and carbon dioxide.

The names provided by Le Maitre et al. (2002) for fields in the TAS diagram are listed below.

B (Basalt)—Usenormative mineralogy to subdivide.

O1 (Basaltic andesite)

O2 (Andesite)

O3 (Dacite)

R (Rhyolite)

T (Trachyte or Trachydacite)—Use normative mineralogy to decide.

Ph (Phonolite)

S1 (Trachybasalt)—*Sodic and potassic variants areHawaiite and Potassic Trachybasalt.

S2 (Basaltic trachyandesite)—*Sodic and potassic variants areMugearite andShoshonite.

S3 (Trachyandesite—*Sodic and potassic variants areBenmoreite andLatite.

Pc (Picrobasalt)

U1 (Basanite orTephrite)—Use normative mineralogy to decide.

U2 (Phonotephrite)

U3 (Tephriphonolite)

F (Foidite)—When possible, classify/name according to the dominantfeldspathoid.Melilitites also plot in this area and can be distinguished by additional chemical criteria.

(*)Sodic as used above means that Na₂O - 2 is greater than K₂O, and potassic that Na₂O - 2 is less than K₂O. Yet other names have been applied to rocks particularly rich in either sodium or potassium—as areultrapotassic igneous rocks.

• Albert Johannsen, A Descriptive Petrography of the Igneous Rocks. Volume 1, Introduction, Textures, Classifications, and Glossary. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 1937.
• R. W. Le Maitre (editor), A. Streckeisen, B. Zanettin, M. J. Le Bas, B. Bonin, P. Bateman, G. Bellieni, A. Dudek, S. Efremova, J. Keller, J. Lamere, P. A. Sabine, R. Schmid, H. Sorensen, and A. R. Woolley, Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms, Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences, Subcommission of the Systematics of Igneous Rocks. Cambridge University Press, 2002.ISBN 0-521-66215-X

• Igneous petrology
• Igneous rocks

• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata