Stiff voice

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Method of pronunciation

This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Voiced

◌̬

Encoding

Entity(decimal) ̬

Unicode(hex) U+032C

Image

The termstiff voice describes the pronunciation of consonants or vowels with aglottal opening narrower, and thevocal folds stiffer, than occurs inmodal voice. Although there is no specificIPA diacritic for stiff voice, the voicing diacritic (a subscript wedge) may be used in conjunction with the symbol for avoiced consonant.^[1]^{[page needed]} InBru, for example, stiff-voiced vowels have tenseness in the glottis and pharynx without going so far as to becreaky voiced, whereasslack-voiced vowels are lax in the glottis without going so far as to bebreathy voice.^[2]

One language with stiff voice isThai:^[1]

	Bilabial			Dental
phonation	Thai	IPA	gloss	Thai	IPA	gloss
stiff voice	บ้าbâa	[b̬âː]	'crazy'	ด่าdàa	[d̪̬àː]	'curse, scold'
tenuis	ป้าbpâa	[pâː]	'aunt'	ตาdtaa	[t̪āː]	'eye'
aspirated	ผ้าpâa	[pʰâː]	'cloth'	ท่าtâa	[t̪ʰâː]	'landing place'

Javanese contrasts stiff andslack voiced bilabial, dental, retroflex, and velar stops.^[1]

	Bilabial		Dental Stop		Dental Affricate		Retroflex		Velar
phonation	IPA	gloss	IPA	gloss	IPA	gloss	IPA	gloss	IPA	gloss
stiff voice	[paku]	'nail'	[tamu]	'guest'	[tsariʔ]	'sheet (of paper)'	[ʈiʈiʔ]	'little'	[kali]	'river'
slack voice	[b̥aku]	'standard'	[d̥amu]	'blow'	[d̥z̥arit]	(type of women's clothing)	[ɖ̥isiʔ]	'first'	[ɡ̊ali]	'dig'

Mpi (Loloish) contrasts modals and stiff voice in its vowels. This is notregister: for each of the six Mpi tones, a word may have either a modal or stiff-voiced vowel. For example, low tone contrasts/sì/'blood' and/sì̬/'seven'.^[1]