TheSnoldelev Stone, listed asDR 248 in theRundata catalog, is a 9th-centuryrunestone that was originally located at Snoldelev,Ramsø,Denmark.
Snoldelev Stone | |
---|---|
Height | 1.25 meters |
Writing | Younger futhark |
Symbols | interlaced horns;swastika |
Created | 9th century AD |
Discovered | c. 1775 Snoldelev,Ramsø,Denmark |
Discovered by | farmers |
Present location | National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen |
Culture | Norse |
Rundata ID | DR 248 |
Runemaster | unknown |
Text – Native | |
Gunwalds sten, sonaʀ Roalds, þulaʀ a Salhøgum. | |
Translation | |
Gunnvaldr's stone, Hróaldr's son, reciter of Salhaugar |
Description
editThe Snoldelev Stone was first noted in 1810 and was turned over to the national Antiquities Commission in 1811. The runestone is now housed at theNational Museum of Denmark inCopenhagen, Denmark. It is 1.25 metres (4 ft 1 in) in height.[1]
The stone is decorated with painted scratches depicting a design of three horns, possiblydrinking horns, interlaced into a triangle as incompleteBorromean rings (similar to theDiane de Poitiers three crescents emblem).[1] This symbol is also known from the Viking Agepicture stone from Lillbjärs onGotland. It is not known if or how it is related to the similarly triangularvalknut, which appears aside the interlaced horns on the Lillbjärs stone.[2]
The inscription on the Snoldelev Stone shows an early version of theYounger Futhark. Like the lateElder FutharkBjörketorp Runestone, it uses an a-rune which has the same form as the h-rune has in the long-branch version of the younger futhark. This a-rune is transliterated with a capitalA below. The Snoldelev runestone also retains the elder futharkhaglaz rune ( ) for the h-phoneme[1] and this is represented by capitalH in the transliteration below. Another feature from the elder futhark is the use of theansuz rune (ᚨ) which is here specifically used to symbolize a long nasal a, often transcribed as "á" which is similar but not identical to its Scandinavian descendant "å". The last character in the runic text is damaged, but is clearly a , and represents the first use of this rune for an 'm' in Denmark.[3] The text is arranged in two lines of different sizes. It has been suggested that this may have been done in imitation ofMerovingian orCarolingian manuscripts, which have the first line in long slender characters with the following lines in shorter, stubbier text.[3]
The inscription states that Gunnvaldr is aÞulʀ, which signifies some office or rank, perhaps a priest or askald, compareOld Norseþula meaning "litany." It is related to the later NorseÞulr, a position described as being a wise man or sage associated withScandinavian chieftains and royalty. The translation offered by the Rundata project suggestsreciter. The location Salhaugar in the text has been identified as referring to the modern town Salløv, which was in the vicinity of the original site of the runestone.[4] The literal translation of the Old NorseSalhøgum combinessal "hall" withhörgar "mounds," to form "on the hall mounds," suggesting a place with a room where official meetings took place.[5]
Inscription
editᚴᚢᚾ᛫ᚢᚼᛚᛏᛋ
kun'uAlts
Gunwalds
ᛐᚼᛁᚾ
stAin
sten,
ᛋᚢᚾᛅᛦ
sunaʀ
sonaʀ
ᚱᚢᚺᛅᛚᛏᛋ
ruHalts
Roalds,
᛫
ᚦᚢᛚᛅᛦ
þulaʀ
þulaʀ
᛫
ᚨ
o
á
ᛋᛅᛚᚺᛅᚢᚴᚢ
salHauku(m)
Salhøgum.
ᚴᚢᚾ᛫ᚢᚼᛚᛏᛋ ᛐᚼᛁᚾ ᛋᚢᚾᛅᛦ ᚱᚢᚺᛅᛚᛏᛋ ᛫ ᚦᚢᛚᛅᛦ ᛫ ᚨ ᛋᛅᛚᚺᛅᚢᚴᚢ
kun'uAlts stAin sunaʀ ruHalts {} þulaʀ {} o salHauku(m)
Gunwalds sten, sonaʀ Roalds, {} þulaʀ {} á Salhøgum.
Gunnvaldr's stone, Hróaldr's son, thyle of Salhaugar.[6]
Gallery
edit- Detail ofswastika found on the stone
- Detail of the interlaced horns
- Snoldelev interlaced horns design (illustration)
References
edit- ^abcNielsen, Karl Martin (1974)."Raskstydning af Snoldelev-Indskriften"(PDF).Danske Studier (in Danish). Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag:132–135.ISSN 0106-4525. Retrieved8 July 2011.
- ^Simek, Rudolf (2007).Dictionary of Northern Mythology. Translated by Hall, Angela. Cambridge:D. S. Brewer. p. 163.ISBN 0-85991-513-1.
- ^abBirkmann, Thomas (1995). "Die Enstehung des Jüngeren Fuþark".Von Agedal Bis Malt. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 204–205.ISBN 3-11-014510-3.
- ^Peterson, Lena (2002).Nordisk runnamslexikonArchived 2011-02-25 at theWayback Machine. Swedish Institute for Linguistics and Heritage (Institutet för språk och folkminnen).
- ^Sundqvist, Olof (2009). "The Hanging, the Nine Nights, and the "Precious Knowledge"". In Heizmann, Wilhelm; Beck, Heinrich (eds.).Analecta Septentrionalia. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 660–661.ISBN 978-3-11-021869-5.
- ^Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk -Rundata entry for DR 248.
Further reading
edit- Abrahamson, Capitain; Thorlacius, Skule; Thorlacius, Børge (1812)."Den Snoldelevske Runesteen" [The Snoldelev Runestone].Antiqvariske Annaler [da] (in Danish). Vol. 1. pp. 278–322. Retrieved26 March 2025 – viaGoogle Books.
External links
edit- Inscriptions from the second period (Viking period), 750-1025[usurped], presentation by Moltke
55°34′18″N12°07′17″E / 55.57167°N 12.12139°E /55.57167; 12.12139