Shou County orShouxian (simplified Chinese:寿县;traditional Chinese:壽縣;pinyin:Shòu Xiàn) is a county in the north-central part ofAnhui Province, China, and is located on the southern (right) bank of theHuai River. It is the southernmostcounty-level division of theprefecture-level city ofHuainan. Its population is 1,280,000 and its area is 2,986 km² (1,153 sq mi). It is a National Cultural and Historical City.^[1] The jurisdiction of Shou County was transferred 3 December 2015 fromLu'an to Huainan.

Shouxian 寿县
County
Tongfei Gate of the city wall
Shou County is the southernmost division in this map of Huainan
Huainan in Anhui
Coordinates:32°32′42″N116°47′54″E / 32.5450°N 116.7982°E /32.5450; 116.7982
Country	China
Province	Anhui
Prefecture-level city	Huainan
County seat	Shouchun Town
Area
• Total	2,986 km2 (1,153 sq mi)
Population  (2020)
• Total	838,507
• Density	280/km2 (730/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	232200

Shou County has jurisdiction over 17 towns, 7 townships and 1 ethnic township. The seat of Shou County isShouchun.^[2]

Shou, formerly known asShouchun (壽春) andShouyang (壽陽), was the last capital of theState of Chu from 241 BCE, after the Chu royal court fled in advance of the sack of the previous capital Chen (陳), by the growing power of the kingdom ofQin, onits way to imperial ascendency.King You of Chu was buried in Shou County, though his tomb was destroyed by warlords in the 1930s. From the time of theQin dynasty to theThree Kingdoms period, the county fell under the jurisdiction of JiujiangCommandery (九江郡). It was also the site of the crowning ofYuan Shu during the Three Kingdoms. During theJin dynasty, theBattle of Fei River also occurred within the borders of Shou. Shou became renowned throughout China for its pottery during theSui andTang dynasties.Shou was besieged during theFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The county also produced many well-known officials during theSong dynasty, including multiple Prime Ministers and ministers. During theTaiping Rebellion in the later years of theQing dynasty,Chen Yucheng was captured in Shou.

In the present, Shou County has 22 towns, 2 townships and 1 ethnic township.^[3]

21 towns

3 townships

• Zhangli (张李乡)
• Bagongshan (八公山乡)

1 Ethnic township

• Taodian Hui Ethnic Township (陶店回族乡)

Shou County is crisscrossed with rivers, and as a result it is a very productive agricultural region. Main products of this area include rice, wheat and cotton. Currently Shou County is a focal point of a national project to increase production of agricultural goods.Zhengyang Pass, located on theWai River, is a major point of transportation and goods distribution in Anhui.