Amilitary academy orservice academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in theofficer corps. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned.


Three types of academy exist: pre-collegiate-level institutions awarding academic qualifications, university-level institutions awarding bachelor's-degree-level qualifications, and those preparingofficer cadets forcommissioning into thearmed services of the state.
Anaval academy is either a type of military academy (in the broadsense of that term) or is distinguished from one (in the narrow sense). In U.S.usage, the Military, Merchant Marine, Naval, Coast Guard, and the Air Force Academy serve as military academies under the categorization ofservice academies in that country.
History
editThe first military academies were established in the 18th century to provide future officers for technically specialized corps, such asmilitary engineers andartillery, with scientific training.
TheItalian Military Academy was inaugurated inTurin on January 1, 1678, as the Savoy Royal Academy, making it the oldest military academy in existence.[1] TheRoyal Danish Naval Academy was set up in 1701.[2] TheRoyal Military Academy, Woolwich was set up in 1741, after a false start in 1720 because of a lack of funds,[3] as the earliest military academy in Britain. Its original purpose was to train cadets entering theRoyal Artillery andRoyal Engineers. In France, the École Royale du Génie atMézières was founded in 1748, followed by a non-technical academy in 1751, theÉcole Royale Militaire offering a general military education to the nobility. French military academies were widely copied inPrussia,Austria,Russia. TheNorwegian Military Academy in Oslo, educates officers of theNorwegian Army. The academy was established in 1750, and is the oldest institution for higher education in Norway.
By the turn of the century, under the impetus of theNapoleonic Wars and the strain that the armies of Europe subsequently came under, military academies for the training of commissioned officers of the army were set up in most of the combatant nations. These military schools had two functions: to provide instruction for serving officers in the functions of the efficient staff-officer, and to school youngsters before they gained an officer's commission.[4] TheKriegsakademie in Prussia was founded in 1801 and theÉcole spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr was created by order of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802 as a replacement for the École Royale Militaire of theAncien Régime (the institution that Napoleon himself had graduated from).
TheRoyal Military College, Sandhurst, in England was the brainchild ofJohn Le Marchant in 1801,[5] who established schools for the military instruction of officers atHigh Wycombe andGreat Marlow, with a grant of £30,000 fromParliament. The two original departments were later combined and moved to Sandhurst.
In the United States, theUnited States Military Academy (USMA) in West Point, New York was founded on March 16, 1802, and is one of fiveservice academies in the nation.
Types
editPre-collegiate institutions
editA military school teaches children of various ages (elementary school, middle school or high school) in a military environment which includes training in military aspects, such as drill. Many military schools are also boarding schools, and others are simply magnet schools in a larger school system. Many are privately run institutions, though some are public and are run either by a public school system (such as theChicago Public Schools) or by a state.
Adult institutions
editA college-levelmilitary academy is an institute of higher learning of things military. It is part of a larger system ofmilitary education and training institutions. The primary educational goal at military academies is to provide a high quality education that includes significant coursework and training in the fields ofmilitary tactics andmilitary strategy. The amount of non-military coursework varies by both the institution and the country, and the amount of practical military experience gained varies as well.
Military academies may or may not grant university degrees. In the US, graduates have a major field of study, earning aBachelor's degree in that subject just as at other universities. However, in British academies, the graduate does not achieve a university degree, since the whole of the one-year course (undertaken mainly but not exclusively by university graduates) is dedicated to military training.
There are two types of military academies: national (government-run) and state/private-run.
- Graduates from national academies are typically commissioned as officers in the country's military. The new officers usually have an obligation to serve for a certain number of years. In some countries (e.g. Britain) all military officers train at the appropriate academy, whereas in others (e.g. the United States) only a percentage do and the service academies are seen as institutions which supply service-specific officers within the forces (about 15 percent of US military officers).
- State or private-run academy graduates have no requirement to join the military after graduation, although some schools have a high rate of graduate military service. Today, most of these schools have ventured away from their military roots and now enroll both military and civilian students. The only exception in the United States is theVirginia Military Institute which remains all-military.
Albania
editAngola
editArgentina
edit- Colegio Militar de la Nación (National Military College), inEl Palomar, Buenos Aires (northwestern outskirts of Buenos Aires)
- Escuela Naval Militar (Naval Military School), inRío Santiago, Buenos Aires (in Ensenada, near La Plata)
- Escuela de Aviación Militar (Military Aviation School), in the city ofCórdoba
Armenia
editAustralia
editAustria
editAzerbaijan
editBangladesh
edit- National Defence College (Bangladesh)
- Bangladesh Military Academy
- Bangladesh Naval Academy
- Bangladesh Air Force Academy
- Armed Forces Medical College[6] (AFMC), Airport Road, Dhaka
Cadet colleges in Bangladesh
editBelarus
editBelgium
editBolivia
edit- Military College of Bolivia (Colegio Militar del Ejército de Bolivia)[7]
- Bolivian Military Naval Academy
- Bolivian Air Force Academy
Brazil
editBasic Education
edit(offers an education with military values for civilians students of primary and secondary school)
Brazilian Army:
- Colégios Militares do Brasil [pt] (SCMB)[8](Military High School of Brazil System)
- Colégio Militar de Belém [pt] (CMBel)(Military High School of Belém)
- Colégio Militar de Belo Horizonte [pt] (CMBH)(Military High School of Belo Horizonte)
- Colégio Militar de Brasília [pt] (CMB)(Military High School of Brasília)
- Colégio Militar de Campo Grande [pt] (CMCG)(Military High School of Campo Grande)
- Colégio Militar de Curitiba [pt] (CMC)(Military High School of Curitiba)
- Colégio Militar de Fortaleza [pt] (CMF)(Military High School of Fortaleza)
- Colégio Militar de Juiz de Fora [pt] (CMJF)(Military High School of Juiz de Fora)
- Colégio Militar de Manaus [pt] (CMM)(Military High School of Manaus)
- Colégio Militar de Porto Alegre [pt] (CMPA)(Military High School of Porto Alegre)
- Colégio Militar do Recife [pt] (CMR)(Military High School of Recife)
- Colégio Militar do Rio de Janeiro [pt] (CMRJ)(Military High School of Rio de Janeiro)
- Colégio Militar de Salvador [pt] (CMS)(Military High School of Salvador)
- Colégio Militar de Santa Maria [pt] (CMSM)(Military High School of Santa Maria)
- Colégio Militar de São Paulo (CMSP)(Military High School of São Paulo)
Preparatory Schools
edit(prepares students for admission to one of the official training academies)
Brazilian Army:[9]
- Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx)(Army Cadets Preparatory School)
Brazil's Navy:[10]
- Colégio Naval [pt] (CN)(Naval High School)
Brazilian Air Force:[11]
- Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Ar [pt] (EPCAR)(Air Cadets Preparatory School)
Sailor and Marine Soldier Training
editBrazil's Navy:
- Centro de Instrução Almirante Milcíades Portela Alves (CIAMPA)(Admiral Milcíades Portela Alves Instruction Center)
- Centro de Instrução e Adestramento de Brasília (CIAB)(Brasília Instruction and Training Center)
- Escola de Aprendizes-Marinheiros [pt] (EAM)(Apprentices-Sailors School)
- Escola de Aprendizes-Marinheiros do Ceará [pt] (EAMCE)(Ceará Apprentices-Sailors School)
- Escola de Aprendizes-Marinheiros do Espírito Santo [pt] (EAMES)(Espirito Santo Apprentices-Sailors School)
- Escola de Aprendizes-Marinheiros de Pernambuco [pt] (EAMPE)(Pernambuco Apprentices-Sailors School)
- Escola de Aprendizes-Marinheiros de Santa Catarina [pt] (EAMSC)(Santa Catarina Apprentices-Sailors School)
Sergeants Training
editBrazilian Army:
- Escola de Sargentos das Armas [pt] (ESA)(Sergeant Weapons School)
- Escola de Sargentos de Logística [pt] (EsSLog)(Sergeant of Logistics School)
- Centro de Instrução de Aviação do Exército [pt] (CiAvEx)(Army Aviation Instruction Center)
Brazil's Navy:
- Centro de Instrução Almirante Alexandrino (CIAA)(Admiral Alexandrino Instruction Center)
- Centro de Instrução Almirante Sylvio de Camargo (CIASC)(Admiral Sylvio de Camargo Instruction Center)
Brazilian Air Force:
- Escola de Especialistas de Aeronáutica [pt] (EEAR)(Air Force Specialists School)
Officers Training
editBrazilian Army:
- Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN)(Agulhas Negras Military Academy)
- Escola de Formação Complementar do Exército [pt] (EsFCEx)(Army Complementary Training School)
- Escola de Saúde do Exército [pt] (EsSEx)(Army Health School)
- Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME)(Military Institute of Engineering)
Brazil's navy:
- Centro de Instrução Almirante Wandenkolk (CIAW)(Admiral Wandekolk Instruction Center)
- Escola de Formação de Oficiais da Marinha Mercante (EFOMM)(Merchant Navy Officers Training School)
- Escola Naval (Brasil) [pt] (EN)(Naval School)
Brazilian Air Force:
- Academia da Força Aérea (Brasil) [pt] (AFA)(Air Force Academy)
- Centro de Instrução e Adaptação da Aeronáutica(CIAAR) (Air Force Instruction and Adaptation Center)
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA)(Aeronautics Institute of Technology)
Bulgaria
edit- Vasil Levski National Military University founded in 1878 as a military school inPlovdiv
- Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy inVarna and founded in 1881 as Naval Machinery School inRousse
- Rakovski Defence and Staff College inSofia, founded with an Act of the 15th National Assembly of March 1, 1912, inSofia
Canada
editTwopost-secondary military academies are operated under theCanadian Military Colleges system, theRoyal Military College of Canada (RMCC) inKingston, Ontario; andRoyal Military College Saint-Jean (RMC Saint-Jean) inSaint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec. RMCC was established in 1876, while RMC Saint-Jean was established in 1954.[12] The two institutions provided military education to officer cadets of all three elements in theCanadian Forces; the navy, army and air force; with RMC granted the authority to confer academic degrees in arts, science and engineering by the 1960s.[13] From 1940 to 1995, the Department of National Defence operated a third military college inVictoria, British Columbia, known asRoyal Roads Military College (RRMC).[12]
Graduates of the colleges are widely acknowledged to have had a disproportionate impact in the Canadian services and society, thanks to the solid foundations provided by theirmilitary education.[14] Military discipline and training, as well as a focus onphysical fitness and fluency in both of Canada's two official languages, English and French, provided cadets with ample challenges and a very fulfilling experience.[15] In 1995 the Department of National Defence was forced to close RRMC and RMC Saint-Jean due to budget considerations, but RMCC continues to operate.[16] (In the fall of 1995, the campus reopened as a civilian institution,Royal Roads University.) In 2007, the Department of National Defence reopened RMC Saint-Jean as a military academy that offers equivalent schooling asCEGEP, a level of post-secondary education inQuebec's education system. In 2021 RMC Saint-Jean was returned to university status and had officer cadets graduate and received their commission for the first time since 1995.[17]
In addition to Canadian Military Colleges, theCanadian Armed Forces also operate a number of training centres and schools, including theCanadian Forces College, and theCanadian Forces Language School. The components of the Canadian Armed Forces also maintain training centres and schools. TheCanadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre (CADTC) is a formation in the Army that delivers combat, and doctrinal training. The CADTC includes several training establishments, such as theCanadian Manoeuvre Training Centre,Combat Training Centre,Command and Staff College, and thePeace Support Training Centre. The2 Canadian Air Division is the formation responsible for training in theRoyal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), and includes establishments like the Royal Canadian Air Force Academy,2 Canadian Forces Flying Training School, and3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School. The RCAF also maintains theCanadian Forces School of Survival and Aeromedical Training.
In addition to publicly operated institutions, Canada is also home to one private military boarding school,Robert Land Academy, inWest Lincoln, Ontario. Founded in 1978, it is an all-boys' institute that is fully accredited by Ontario'sMinistry of Education. The school offers elementary and secondary levels of education, providing schooling for students from Grade 6 to Grade 12.
Colombia
editColombian Naval Infantry andColombian Navy:
- General Santander National Police Academy, in Bogotá.
Czech Republic
edit- Univerzita Obrany (University of Defence)
- Military academy and training command
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
editDenmark
editEgypt
editEl Salvador
editEstonia
editFinland
edit- Finnish National Defence University(Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu), onSantahamina island, Helsinki
France
editHigh schools
edit- Lycée militaire de Saint-Cyr
- Lycée militaire d'Autun
- Prytanée National Militaire
- Lycée militaire d'Aix-en-Provence
- Lycée naval de Brest
- École des Pupilles de l'Air
Officer academies
edit- École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, literally the "Special Military School of St Cyr") is the French Military Academy. It is often referred to as "Saint-Cyr". Founded byNapoleon in 1802, and initially inFontainebleau, it was moved first toSaint-Cyr-l'École in 1808, and then toCoëtquidan (Brittany) in 1945.
- École militaire interarmes (EMIA)
- École des commissaires des armées (ECA), founded in 2013
- École de l'air: the French Air Force Academy
- École Navale: the French Naval Academy
- École des officiers de la gendarmerie nationale (EOGN):gendarmerie commissioned officers academy
- École Polytechnique (X): a French engineeringgrande école of military status. Though all of its French engineering students are enlisted and trained as officers, 5% of its graduates remain in the military after graduation.[18]
- ENSTA Bretagne: a French engineeringgrande école of military status. Only 1/4 of its students are actual officers-in-training.
- École de Santé des Armées: medical school of French army
- National Military Infrastructure Engineers Academy: trains military engineers of the Armed Forces, opened 2013 (also one of the newest)
Postgraduate academies
edit- École d'état-major (Staff school): first step of higher military studies, for officer of OF-2 rank.
- École de Guerre (War School): second step of higher military studies, mainly for ranks OF-2 and OF-3 who want to continue the command track (e.g. to command battalion or regiment).
- Collège d'enseignement supérieur de l'armée de terre (Army Higher Education College): second step of military education, but for officers whishing to achieve a high-level specialization.
- Cours supérieur d'état-major (Advanced Staff Course)
- Enseignement militaire supérieur scientifique et technique (Higher Technical and Scientific Education).
- Centre des hautes études militaire (Center for Advanced Military Studies): final step of military education, for very few selected OF-5. Its students also attend the civilianinstitut des hautes études de défense nationale.
Georgia
edit- National Defense Academy
- Cadet Bachelor School
- Junior Officer Basic School
- Aviation Air Defense Officer Basic School
- Medical Officer School
- Captain Career School
- Command and General Staff School
- School of Advance Defense Studies
- Language Training School
Germany
editThe standard education in military leadership is the task of theOffizierschulen (officers' schools) run by the three branches. The contents differ from branch to branch. According to the doctrine "leading by task", in the army all prospective platoon leaders are trained down to the level of a commander of a mixed combat battalion. There they also have to pass an officer exam to become commissioned later on.
Moreover, there exist so calledWaffenschulen (schools of weapons) like infantry school or artillery school. There the officers learn to deal with the typical tasks of their respective corps.
A specialty of the German concept of officer formation is the academic education. Germany runs twoUniversities of the German Federal Armed Forces where almost every future officer has to pass non-military studies and achieve a bachelor's or master's degree. During their studies (after at least three years of service) the candidates become commissionedLeutnant (second lieutenant).
The three officer's schools are:
- TheGerman Navy supervises:
- TheGerman Army supervises:
- Offizierschule des Heeres, inDresden
- TheGerman Air Force supervises:
- Offizierschule der Luftwaffe, inFürstenfeldbruck
Academic andstaff education:
Greece
editTheHellenic Armed Forces have military academies supervised by each branch of the Armed Forces individually:
Highest Military Academies (ΑΣΣ) or Higher Military Educational Institutions (ΑΣΕΙ):
- TheHellenic Army supervises:
- TheEvelpidon Military Academy, inAthens.
- The Corps Officers Military Academy, inThessaloniki.
- The Nursery Officers Academy, in Athens.
- TheHellenic Air Force supervises:
- TheIcarus Air Force Academy, inTatoi (Athens).
- TheHellenic Navy supervises:
Higher Military NCO Academies (ΑΣΣΥ):
- TheHellenic Army supervises theMilitary Non-commissioned Officers' Academy (ΣΜΥ).
- TheHellenic Air Force supervises theAir Force Non-commissioned Officers' Academy (ΣΜΥΑ).
- TheHellenic Navy supervises theNaval Non-commissioned Officers' Academy (ΣΜΥΝ).
Despite their names (Greek:Σχολές Υπαξιωματικών,lit. 'Sub-officers' Academies'), their alumni can advance to the rank ofAntisyntagmatarchis/Antipterachos/Antiploiarchos.
Hungary
editIndia
editIndonesia
editTheIndonesian Military Academy[20] was founded inYogyakarta, October 13, 1945, by the order of General Staff Chief of Indonesia Army Lieutenant GeneralUrip Sumohardjo as the Militaire Academie (MA)Yogyakarta.
Currently, the Tentara Nasional Indonesia or the TNI (Indonesian National Armed Forces), under the supervision of the Commanding General of the Indonesian National Armed Forces Academy System (a two or three-star officer in billet) in the HQ of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, has divided the academies into the three respective services:
- Indonesian Military Academy (Akademi Militer; Akmil), inMagelang,Central Java, is under the supervision of theChief of Staff of the Indonesian Army, operated since 1946.
- Indonesian Naval Academy (Akademi Angkatan Laut; AAL), inSurabaya,East Java, is under the supervision of theChief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy. The Indonesian Naval Academy also educates and forms officers to serve in theIndonesian Marine Corps. In existence since 1951.
- Indonesian Air Force Academy (Akademi Angkatan Udara; AAU), inYogyakarta, is under the supervision of theChief of Staff of the Indonesian Air Force. The academy has three majorings which are: electronics, engineering, and administration. Following graduation, students who are selected as Pilot and Navigator conduct further training in the Pilot and Navigator Flight School prior bearing the Pilot/Navigator designation. Active since 1945 (with its current form since 1965), but also inherits the traditions of former Dutch military aviation schools.
Each service academy is headed by a two-star general who serves as superintendent, and his/her deputy is a one-star officer. All the students (cadets/midshipman) are recruited from senior high school graduates from all over Indonesia. Shortly after graduation, they are commissioned asLetnan Dua (Second Lieutenant/Ensign) in their respective service branches and receive a bachelor's degree comparable to those awarded by civil academies or universities. The length term is now 4 years and is divided into five grades of cadets' ranks, starting from the lowest:
- Prajurit Taruna (Cadet Private), 1st year (4 months)
- Kopral Taruna (Cadet Corporal), 1st year (8 months)
- Sersan Taruna (Cadet Sergeant), 2nd year
- Sersan Mayor Dua Taruna (Cadet Second Sergeant Major), 3rd year
- Sersan Mayor Satu Taruna (Cadet First Sergeant Major), 4th year
Taruna is also a nickname to cadets in the Military, Naval, and Air Force Academies, however other nicknames such asKadet refers to cadets in the Naval Academy, whileKarbol refers to cadets in the Air Force Academy. The term "Taruna" however still applies to all cadets from the three academies.
Until 1999, before theIndonesian National Police officially separated from the armed forces, theIndonesian Police Academy ("AKPOL") also stood under the National Armed Forces Academy but now has separated from the Military and is under the auspices of the President of Indonesia controlled by the National Police Headquarters (Mabes Polri), where in the other hand the Armed Forces (Army, Naval, and Air Force) Academies of Indonesia is under the auspices of the Ministry of Defense controlled by the Armed Forces General Headquarters (Mabes TNI). Presently, the Police Academy is inSemarang (Central Java), and is supervised under the supervision of theChief of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri).
All three academies and the Police Academy have a joint 4th class cadet training program since 2008, after completing it the cadets go to their respective academies to continue with the three remaining years of study before commissioning.
Iran
editIran has five main military universities:
- Imam Ali Officers' University (Persian: دانشگاه افسری امام علی;acronym:[21] دا اف, DĀʿAF), formerly known as Officers' School (Persian: دانشکده افسری) is the military academy ofGround Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran Army, inTehran, Iran.
- Shahid Sattari Aeronautical University (Persian: دانشگاه علوم و فنون هوایی شهید ستاری) is the military academy ofIslamic Republic of Iran Air Force, in Tehran, Iran.
- Imam Khomeini Naval University of Noshahr (Persian: دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی امام خمینی) is the military academy ofIslamic Republic of Iran Navy, inNoshahr,Mazandaran, Iran.
- Khatam al-Anbia Air Defense Academy (Persian: دانشگاه پدافند هوایی خاتمالانبیاء آجا) is the military academy ofIslamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force, in Tehran, Iran.
- Imam Hossein University (Persian: دانشگاه امام حسین;acronym: IHU) is the military academy of theIslamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, in Tehran, Iran.
- Amir Al-Momenin University of Military Sciences and Technology
Israel
editItaly
editHigh school level institutions (only for classical and scientific liceum, starting from grade 10):
- Scuola Militare Nunziatella, founded during the Bourbon Period in 1787, in Italian Army, Naples
- Scuola Militare Teulié, founded during the Napoleonic period in 1802, Italian Army, Milan
- Scuola Militare Navale Morosini, Italian Navy, Venice
- Scuola Militare Aeronautica Douhet, Italian Air Force, Florence
2009–2010 school year was the first school year with girls attending.
Non Commissioned Officer (NCO) schools:
- Army: Scuola sottufficiali dell'Esercito Italiano, Viterbo
- Navy: Scuola sottufficiali della Marina Militare, Taranto and Law Maddalena
- Air Force: Scuola marescialli dell'Aeronautica Militare, Viterbo
- Carabinieri: Scuola marescialli e brigadieri dei carabinieri, Firenze
- Guardia di Finanza: Scuola ispettori e sovrintendenti della Guardia di Finanza, L'Aquila
University level institutions:
Japan
editUniversities
editOfficer Candidate Schools
edit- JGSDF Officer Candidate School, Kurume
- JMSDF Officer Candidate School, Etajima (Naval Academy Etajima)
- JASDF Officer Candidate School, Nara
Officer Colleges
editKazakhstan
editKyrgyzstan
edit- Military Institute of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic
- Center for Advanced Training of Officers
Malaysia
editSecondary level institutions:
- Royal Military College (Malaysia) (Maktab Tentera Diraja)
University level:
- National Defence University of Malaysia[22] (University Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia) (foundation, bachelor's degree, master's degree, PhD and specialist courses)
- Armed Forces Defence College[23] (Maktab Pertahanan Angkatan Tentera)
Specialist training andstaff institutions:
- Officers Cadet School in Port Dickson (OCS)
- Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College[24] (Maktab Turus Angkatan Tentera)
- Armed Forces Health Training Institute[25] (Institut Latihan Kesihatan Angkatan Tentera)
- Malaysian Peacekeeping Training Centre[26] (Pusat Latihan Pengaman Malaysia)
Reserve Officer Training Units (Malay:Pasukan Latihan Pegawai Simpanan orPALAPES) or ROTU exists only in public universities in Malaysia. This is a tertiary institution based officer commissioning program to equip students as officer cadets with military knowledge and understanding for service ascommissioned officers in the reserve components of the various branches of theMalaysian Armed Forces.
Mexico
editMoldova
editMongolia
editMyanmar
editNamibia
editNepal
edit- Nepalese Military Academy, Kharipati,Bhaktapur
Netherlands
editNew Zealand
editTier One – initial officer training
- New Zealand Commissioning Course,Waiouru (NZ Army)
- Initial Officer Training,Woodbourne (RNZAF)
- Officer Training School,Devonport Naval Base
Tier Two – junior officer education
- NZDF Junior Staff Course,New Zealand Defence College
Tier Three – senior officer education
- NZDF Staff Course,New Zealand Defence College
Nigeria
editHigh school training
edit- Nigerian Military School,Zaria –Nigerian Army military school for boys
- Air Force Military School, Jos, Nigeria, inJos –Nigerian Air Force military school for boys
- Nigerian Navy Military School,Ikot Ntuen,Akwa Ibom State –Nigerian Navy military School for boys
Undergraduate officer training
edit- Nigerian Defence Academy,Kaduna –Nigerian Armed Forces university school
Postgraduate officer training
edit- Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Jaji, atJaji,Kaduna – jointNigerian Armed Forces higher studies institute for both indigenous and international students
- Nigerian Army College of Logistics,Lagos – school for training middle careerNigerian Army officers on military logistics
- National Defence College,Abuja – school for training senior officers of theNigerian Armed Forces and also some members of the civil service
- Army War College Nigeria
- Naval War College Nigeria
- Air War College Nigeria
Norway
editUndergraduate officer training
edit- Norwegian Military Academy, Linderud/Oslo (Norwegian Army)
- Norwegian Naval Academy, Laksevåg/Bergen (Royal Norwegian Navy)
- Norwegian Air Force Academy, Trondheim (Royal Norwegian Air Force)
- Norwegian Cyber Engineering School, Lillehammer (Norwegian Army)
Postgraduate training
edit- Norwegian Defence Staff College, Oslo (joint)
- Norwegian National Defence College, Oslo (civil service/very senior officers)
Pakistan
edit- Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul
- Pakistan Air Force Academy, Risalpur
- Pakistan Naval Academy, Karachi
- Command and Staff College, Quetta
- National Defence University, Islamabad
- Pakistan Navy War College, Lahore
- PAF Air War College, Karachi
- Army Burn Hall College, for boys, Abbottabad
- Army Public College of Management Sciences (public sector)
- Military College Jhelum, Jhelum District
- Military College Murree, Rawalpindi District
- Military College Sui, Dera Bugti District
- PAF College Sargodha
- PAF College Murre Hills
- Cadet College Razmak, Razmak North Waziristan Agency
- Cadet College Kohat
- Cadet College Wana
- Cadet College Spinkai
- Cadet College Mastung
- Cadet College Petaro,Pakistan Navy
- Garrison Cadet College Kohat
- Cadet College Skardu
Paraguay
edit- Francisco López Military Academy, inCapiatá, Paraguay
People's Republic of China
editPeru
editUndergraduate officer training
- Chorrillos Military School (Peruvian Army)
- Peruvian Naval School (Peruvian Navy)
- Peruvian Air Force Officers' School [es] (Peruvian Air Force)
Philippines
editThe Philippines patterned all its service academies after theUnited States Military Academy (West Point) and theUnited States Merchant Marine Academy (King's Point).
These higher education institutions are operated by thePhilippine Government and grant different baccalaureate degrees.
- Philippine Military Academy (Akademiyang Militar ng Pilipinas),City of Baguio – It is the primary training school of the Armed Forces of the Philippines for would be regular commissioned officers of thePhilippine Army,Philippine Navy,Philippine Marine Corps and thePhilippine Air Force. It is under the control of theDepartment of National Defense. Its former name was the Philippine Constabulary Academy. During the American colonial rule era, U.S. Army cavalry officers established the school for the professionalization of the enlisted personnel of the defunctPhilippine Constabulary. It was renamed the Philippine Military Academy before the 1930s. In 1992, PMA stopped providing graduates to the Philippine Constabulary after the passage of Republic Act 6975 which resulted in the merger of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police. The merged institutions was named the Philippine National Police. Beginning in 1993, PMA became a co-educational school.
- Philippine Merchant Marine Academy,Zambales – It is a school for students who shall serve in different private shipping companies, foreign or local. Its graduates may serve in thePhilippine Coast Guard and thePhilippine Navy as an ensign after graduation depending upon their choice. All PMMA graduates are also automatically appointed by the president of the Philippines as ensigns (2nd lieutenants) in the Philippine Navy Reserve. This is the oldest of the Philippine service academies having been established in 1820 during the long period of Spanish colonial rule in the country, and was first situated in Manila for many years.
Aside from the PMA and the PMMA, all three branches of the AFP have their own Officer Candidate Course Programs for both men and women, patterned after their US counterparts.
The nation's higher military colleges are:
- Armed Forces of the Philippines Command and General Staff College,Quezon City – educates officers of the AFP not exceeding the ranks of Colonel or Navy Captain
- National Defense College of the Philippines, Quezon City – is a school for senior AFP officers for military/naval planning and to ready them in holding the ranks of Brigadier General/Commodore. Notable civilians may enroll and be given the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel/Commander in the AFP Reserve upon graduation.
Poland
edit- War Studies University
- Jarosław Dąbrowski Military University of Technology in Warsaw
- Tadeusz Kościuszko Land Forces Military Academy inWrocław
- Polish Air Force Academy inDęblin
- Heroes of Westerplatte Naval Academy inGdynia
- Faculty of Military Medicine of theMedical University inŁódź
Portugal
editPre-university level institution
edit- Colégio Militar, Lisbon – military basic and high school
- Instituto dos Pupilos do Exército, Lisbon – vocational education military school
Undergraduate officer training
edit- Academia Militar, Lisbon andAmadora –Portuguese Army andRepublican National Guard university school
- Escola Naval,Almada –Portuguese Navy university school
- Academia da Força Aérea,Sintra –Portuguese Air Force university school
Postgraduate and staff training
edit- Instituto Universitário Militar, Lisbon – joint command and staff college
Republic of China (Taiwan)
edit- R.O.C. Military Academy
- R.O.C. Naval Academy
- R.O.C. Air Force Academy
- R.O.C. Air Force Institute of Technology
- Army Academy R.O.C.
- National Defense University
- War College
- Army Command and Staff College
- Naval Command and Staff College
- Air Force Command and Staff College
- Institute of Technology
- Management College
- Political Warfare College
- National Defense Medical Center
- Chung Cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School [zh]
Republic of Ireland
editRepublic of Korea
editThe three main military academies:
Other military academies:
- Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon, formerly Korea Third Military Academy
- Armed Forces Nursing Academy
Romania
edit- Carol I National Defence University (Universitatea Națională de Apărare Carol I),Bucharest
- Technical Military Academy (Academia Tehnică Militară), Bucharest
- Land Forces:
- Air Forces:
- Academia Forțelor Aeriene (Air Forces Academy),Braṣov
- Naval Forces:
Russia
editSee also:Cadet Corps (Russia),Military academies in Russia
First stage of training
edit- TheCadet Corps is an admissions-based military middle school for young boys that was founded in theRussian Empire in 1732, soon becoming widespread throughout the country.
- Omsk Cadet Corps
- Karelia Cadet Corps
- Krasnoyarsk Cadet Corps
- Magnitogorsk Cadet Corps
- Georgy Zhukov Moscow Cadet Corps
- Moscow Cossacks Cadet Corps
- Moscow Cadet Corps of Military Music
- Moscow Cadet Corps of theMinistry of Emergency Situations of Russia
- Moscow Diplomatic Cadet Corps
- Moscow Cadet Corps "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad"
- St.PetersburgSpace Forces Cadet Corps
- St.PetersburgStrategic Rocket Forces Cadet Corps
- St.Petersburg Artillery Cadet Corps
- The 1stSt. PetersburgBorder guard Cadet Corps of theFSB
- Tambov Cadet Corps
- Toliatti Cadet Corps
- Ufa Cadet Corps
- Kronstadt S.C.C.
- Moscow Representative Sea Cadet Corps of the Navigation and Mathematics School
- Moscow Sea Cadet Corps Heroes of Sevastopol
Secondary education
edit- Suvorov Military Schools are a type of boarding school in modern Russia for boys aged 14–18. Education in such these schools focuses on military related subjects.
- Irkutsk S.M.S.
- Kazan S.M.S.
- Moscow S.M.S.
- Moscow Military Music College
- North Caucasus S.M.S.
- Orenburg S.M.S.
- Perm S.M.S.
- St. PetersburgSpace Forces S.M.S.
- Tula S.M.S. (reopening 2016 after 56 years of closure)
- Tver S.M.S.
- Ulyanovsk S.M.S.
- Ussuriysk S.M.S.
- Yekaterinburg S.M.S.
- Nakhimov Naval School is a form of higher naval education for teenagers introduced in modern Russia.
- St. Petersburg N.N.S.
- Murmansk N.N.S.
- Kaliningrad N.N.S
- Sevastopol N.N.S.
- Vladivostok N.N.S.
Post-secondary education
edit- Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
- Gagarin Air Force Academy (now the Gagarin-Zhukovsky Combined Air Force Academy)
- Military Engineering-Technical University
- Saint Petersburg Mining Institute
- Alexander Popov Naval Radio-electronic Academy
- Military Materiel Security Academy
- Pacific Naval Institute
- Moscow Peter the GreatStrategic Rocket Forces Academy
- Moscow Higher Military Command School
- Baltic Naval Institute
- Sevastopol Black Sea Higher Naval Institute
- Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
- Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School
- Budyonny Military Academy of the Signal Corps
- Yekaterinburg Force Command School of Artillery
- Air General Staff Center of Missile and Air Defense Excellence
- Khabarovsk Military Commanders Training Academy
- Civil Defense Academy of theMinistry of Emergency Situations
- Sergey Kirov Military Communications Academy
- S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy
- St. Petersburg Military College of Physical Fitness and Sports
- Marshal Aleksander Vasilevsky Military Academy of the Armed Forces Air Defense Branch
- Moscow Border Guards Superior College
- Military University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Staff college
editSerbia
editSingapore
edit- SAFTI Military Institute
- Officer Cadet School (OCS): trains officers
- SAF Advanced Schools: conducts specialised training for officers
- Goh Keng Swee Command and Staff College: trains senior officers to take up command and staff appointments
- Specialist and Warrant Officer Institute (SWI)
- SAFWOS Leadership School: trainswarrant officers andmilitary experts
- Specialist and Warrant Officer Advanced School: conducts advanced courses for warrant officers, military experts andspecialists (NCOs)
- Specialist Cadet School: trains specialists (NCOs)
Slovakia
editSomalia
edit- Camp TURKSOM trains both officers and NCOs, offers a two-year course for officers and a one-year course for NCOs.
South Africa
edit- South African Military Academy provides officers in theSANDF with an opportunity to earn a 3yr BMil degree.
Spain
edit- General Military Academy,Zaragoza
- Academia General del Aire,San Javier
- Naval Military Academy,Marín
- Escuela Superior de las Fuerzas Armadas
- Academia Central de la Defensa
- Academia de Artillería
- Academia de Infantería
- Academia de Caballería
- Academia de Ingenieros
- Academia de Logística
- Academia General Básica de Suboficiales
- Navy NCO School
- Academia Básica del Aire
- Escuela Militar de Montaña y Operaciones Especiales
Sri Lanka
editUniversity
editOfficer training
edit- Sri Lanka Military Academy,Diyatalawa
- Naval and Maritime Academy,Trincomalee
- Air Force Academy,SLAF China Bay, Trincomalee
Staff training
editSweden
editUndergraduate officer training
edit- Military Academy Karlberg, officers
- Military Academy Halmstad, specialist officers (NCO) and reserve officers
Postgraduate training
editTanzania
editThailand
edit- Secondary level
- University level
- Medicine, University level
- Non Commissioned Officer (NCO) schools
- Officer candidate school
Turkey
editTurkmenistan
edit- Military Academy of Turkmenistan (founded in 2007)
- Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan
- Turkmen State Border Service Institute
- Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Turkmenistan
- Turkmen National Security Institute
- Turkmen Naval Institute
Uganda
editUganda maintains the followings military training institutions, as of December 2010:[27]
- Bihanga Military Training School – at Bihanga, inIbanda District,Western Uganda[28]
- Kalama Warfare Training School – atKabamba,Mubende District[29][30][31]
- National Leadership Institute (NALI) – atKyankwanzi,Kyankwanzi District
- Oliver Tambo School of Leadership – atKaweweta,Nakaseke District[32][33]
- Uganda Air Defence and Artillery School – atNakasongola inNakasongola District
- Uganda Military Airforce Academy – atNakasongola inNakasongola District[34]
- University of Military Science and Technology – atLugazi,Buikwe District[35]
- Uganda Junior Staff College – at Qaddafi Barracks,Jinja
- Uganda Military Academy – atKabamba,Mubende District
- Uganda Senior Command and Staff College – atKimaka,Jinja
- Uganda Urban Warfare Training School – at Singo,Kiboga District[36]
Ukraine
editStaff colleges
editService academies
edit- Hetman Petro Sahaydachnyi National Ground Force Academy,Lviv[38]
- Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University,Kharkiv
- Naval College of the National University "Odesa Maritime Academy",Odesa
- Odesa Military Academy, Odesa
- Ukrainian Military Medical Academy, Kyiv
- Yevgeny Bereznyak Military Diplomatic Academy, Kyiv
- Military Institute of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv
- Military Institute of Telecommunication and Information Technologies named after the Heroes of Kruty, Kyiv
- Military Institute of Tank Forces named after the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine NTU "KhPI", Kharkiv
- Zhytomyr Military Institute named after S.P. Korolev,Zhytomyr
- Military Legal Institute of the Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Kharkiv
Military service academies operated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine
edit- National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine, Kharkiv
- National Academy of the State Border Service of Ukraine "Bohdan Khmelnytskyi",Khmelnytskyi
- National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine, Kharkiv
Other military service academies
edit- National Academy of the Security Service of Ukraine, Kyiv
- Academy of the State Penitentiary Service,Chernihiv
- Academy of Foreign Intelligence of Ukraine, Kyiv
- Institute for the Training of Legal Personnel for the Security Service of Ukraine, Kharkiv
- Institute of Special Communication and Information Protection of NTUU "KPI", Kyiv
Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Military educational units of higher education institutions of Ukraine)
editA number of public and military universities have specialized military institutes, military colleges, faculties, departments of military training, divisions of military training, departments ofdisaster medicine andmilitary medicine. The purpose of suchinstitutions is themilitary training ofstudents andcadets under thereserve officer training program, and some of them conduct training, retraining and advanced training of military specialists of the appropriate levels of higher education (bachelor ormaster) for military service in theArmed Forces of Ukraine, others formed in accordance with the laws Ukrainian military formations (Defence Forces of Ukraine), as well as law enforcement agencies for special purposes (Security Forces of Ukraine) and theState Transport Special Service of Ukraine.[5][6]
Military colleges of non-commissioned officers (Military Sergeant Colleges of Ukraine)
edit- NCO School of the Hetman Petro Sahaydachnyi National Ground Force Academy, Lviv
- NCO School of the Ivan Kozhedub National Air Force University, Kharkiv'
- Department of Military Training of the Professional College of Maritime Transport of the National University "Odesa Maritime Academy", Odesa
- Department of Training of Medical Assistants for the Armed Forces of Ukraine of the D. K. Zabolotny Vinnytsia Medical College,Vinnytsia
- Military Sergeant College of theKamyanets-Podilsky Ivan Ohienko National University,Kamyanets-Podilsky
- Military Sergeant College of the Military Institute of Telecommunication and Information Technologies named after the Heroes of Kruty, Kyiv
- Military Sergeant College of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv'
Military High Schools (Military Lyceum)
edit- Ivan Bohun Military High School, Kyiv
- Vice Admiral Volodymyr Bezkorovayn Naval Military High School, Odesa
- Military High School of the Hetman Petro Sahaydachnyi National Ground Force Academy,Chervonohrad
Cadets corp (Lyceum with enhanced military and physical training)
editA number of public state and regionallyceum (high school) with enhanced military and physical training (boarding schools) such ofcadet corps in other countries.
United Kingdom
editPre-University level institution
edit- Duke of York's Royal Military School – Military based secondary school in Dover, Kent; students are influenced to join the forces after education, but have no commitment to do so.
There are also numerous Cadet forces that operate for all branches of the armed forces for children aged 10–20. These are not designed to recruit people into the armed forces but rather are simplyMinistry of Defence sponsored youth organisations.
Undergraduate service
editAlthough an undergraduate degree is not a prerequisite for officer training, the majority of potential officers will have attended university before joining the Armed Forces. At some universities there may be the option for people to join either aUniversity Royal Naval Unit, aUniversity Officer Training Corps (UOTC) or aUniversity Air Squadron, which are designed to introduce students to life in the Forces and show them the careers that are available as well as allowing them to undertake reserve training alongside their degree.[39] People sponsored under theDefence Technical Undergraduate Scheme will join one of the four Support Units attached to universities participating in DTUS. There is a requirement for bursars of DTUS to join the military for three years after completion of their degree, there no requirement for students of any other organisation to join the military after they finish their degree programs. Although service with these organisations may give some initial benefit to officer cadets attending the military colleges/academies, the next stage of the officer training programs assumes no prior military experience/knowledge, and those that did not partake in military activities at university are not disadvantaged.
Officer training
editThere are now four military academies in the United Kingdom. Although the curriculum at each varies due to the differing nature of the service a man or woman is joining, it is a combination of military and academic study that is designed to turn young civilians into comprehensively trained military officers.
- Britannia Royal Naval College, HMSDartmouth
- Commando Training Centre Royal Marines
- Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
- Royal Air Force College Cranwell
Officer Training for the Reserve Forces (e.g.Army Reserve,Royal Naval Reserve,RAF Reserves andRoyal Marines Reserves) also takes place at the relevant military academies, but under a different curriculum and the courses tend to be concentrated into a much shorter period – a significant amount of the study will be undertaken at the officer cadet's reserve unit.
Postgraduate and staff training
edit- Royal College of Defence Studies (mainly for officers of Colonel/Brigadier or equivalent rank selected as future senior leaders; highly selective)
- Joint Services Command and Staff College (courses for officers from Major to Brigadier or equivalent rank)
- Defence College of Management and Technology
- Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre
- Advanced Research and Assessment Group
- Conflict Studies Research Centre
United States
editIntroduction
editIn the United States, the term "military academy" does not necessarily mean a government-owned institution run by the armed forces to train its own officers. It may also mean a middle school, high school, or college, whether public or private, which instructs its students in military-style education, discipline and tradition. Students at such civilian institutions can earn a commission in the U.S. military through the successful completion of aReserve Officer Training Corps program along with their college or university's academic coursework.
- The termmilitary school primarily refers to pre-collegiatesecondary-school-level military institutions.
- The termmilitary academy commonly refers to a pre-collegiate, collegiate, and post-collegiate institution, especially the U.S. military-run academies.
- The termUS military staff colleges refers to separate graduate schools catering to officers onactive duty.
Moststate-level military academies maintain both a civilian student body and a traditionalcorps of cadets. The only exception is theVirginia Military Institute, which remains all-military.[40]
Federal service academies
editThe colleges operated by the U.S. Federal Government, referred to asfederal service academies, are:
- United States Military Academy,West Point, New York
- United States Naval Academy,Annapolis, Maryland
- United States Air Force Academy,Colorado Springs, Colorado
- United States Coast Guard Academy,New London, Connecticut
- United States Merchant Marine Academy,Kings Point, New York
Post-graduate school
editSenior and junior military colleges
editThere is one all-military state-sponsored military academy:
In addition, these five institutions that were military colleges at the time of their founding now maintain both a corps of cadets and a civilian student body. Many of these institutions also offer on-line degree programs:
- University of North Georgia,Dahlonega, Georgia — Formed by a 2013 merger with Gainesville State College, its main predecessor institution, last known asNorth Georgia College & State University, was chartered as a military college. However, when NGCSU was founded in 1873 as North Georgia Agricultural College, it had both a corps and a civilian student body, and was also the state's first coeducational college.
- Norwich University Corps of Cadets.Norwich University,Northfield, Vermont is a private university in Northfield, Vermont. It is the oldest private military college in the United States. The university was founded in 1819 at Norwich, Vermont, as the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy. It is the oldest of six senior military colleges, and is recognized by the United States Department of Defense as the "Birthplace of ROTC"
- Texas A&M Corps of Cadets,Texas A&M University,College Station, Texas
- The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina,Charleston, South Carolina
- Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,Blacksburg, Virginia
Along with VMI, these institutions are known as thesenior military colleges of the US.
Today four institutions are consideredmilitary junior colleges (MJC). These four military schools participate in the Army's two-yearEarly Commissioning Program, an ArmyROTC program where qualified students can earn a commission as aSecond Lieutenant after only two years of college. The four military Junior colleges are as follows:
- Georgia Military College,Milledgeville, Georgia
- Marion Military Institute,Marion, Alabama
- New Mexico Military Institute,Roswell, New Mexico
- Valley Forge Military Academy and College,Wayne, Pennsylvania
Merchant Marine Academies that have military academy-style operations
editThere are six state-operated Merchant Marine academies:
- Massachusetts Maritime Academy
- Maine Maritime Academy
- State University of New York Maritime College (part of theState University of New York (SUNY) system)
- Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of theTexas A&M University System)
- Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division ofNorthwestern Michigan College)
- California State University Maritime Academy (part of theCalifornia State University system)
These merchant marine academies operate on a military college system. Part of the training that the cadets receive is naval and military in nature. Cadets may apply for Naval Reserve commissions upon obtaining their Merchant Marine Officer's licenses. Most if not all also offer some form of military commissioning program into the active duty US Navy, US Marine Corps, or US Coast Guard.
Staff colleges
editThe United Statesstaff colleges, mandated to serve the needs of officers for post-graduate studies and other such graduate institutions as mandated by the Department of Defense are:
United States Air Force Air University attached staff colleges
edit- TheAir University in Maxwell AFB, Alabama, includes:
Staff colleges of the United States Army
edit- United States Army Command and General Staff College
- United States Army School of Advanced Military Studies
- United States Army War College
Staff colleges of the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps
editJoint Service staff colleges
edit- National Defense University in Washington, D.C., includes:
- Defense Acquisition University
Other post-graduate colleges operated by the DoD
edit- National Intelligence University (military intelligence)
- The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School (legal services training)
- Air Force Judge Advocate General's School (legal services training)
- Naval Justice School (legal services training)
Uzbekistan
edit- Academy of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan (formerly theTashkent Higher All-Arms Command School)
- Joint Service Officer Training Academy
- Tashkent Higher Tank Command School
- Samarkand Higher Military Automobile Command School
- Higher Military Customs Institute
- Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Uzbekistan
- Military-Technical Institute of the National Guard of Uzbekistan
- Uzbekistan Air Academy
Vietnam
edit- National Defense Academy of Vietnam inHanoi, Vietnam
- Lê Quý Đôn Technical University inHanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Naval Academy inNha Trang,Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam
Zimbabwe
edit- Zimbabwe National Defence University
See also
editFurther reading
edit- Cadet, Linton Hall,Linton Hall Military School Memories: One cadet's memoir, Scrounge Press, 2014.ISBN 9781495931963 Memoir of cadet who attended a military school for boys ages 6 to 16.
External links
editReferences
edit- ^"Military Academy History and traditions".www.esercito.difesa.it.Archived from the original on August 22, 2021. RetrievedAugust 22, 2021.
- ^"Royal Danish Naval Academy".Royal Danish Defence College (in Danish). Archived fromthe original on October 2, 2019. RetrievedJanuary 7, 2016.
- ^"Woolwich History". Archived fromthe original on August 6, 2013.
- ^Richard A Harmon."Perspectives in the History of Military Education and Professionalism"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on May 4, 2015. RetrievedNovember 3, 2013.
- ^abMajor-General John Gaspard Le Marchant (1766–1812)Archived March 23, 2012, at theWayback Machine Defence Academy
- ^ab"AFMC". Archived fromthe original on July 10, 2012. RetrievedAugust 2, 2012.
- ^"Ejército de Bolivia".www.ejercito.mil.bo.Archived from the original on November 5, 2008. RetrievedAugust 13, 2009.
- ^"Conheça os 14 Colégios Militares - Colégios Militares".Ingresso (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived fromthe original on April 16, 2021. RetrievedMarch 14, 2021.
- ^"Concursos - Como Ingressar no Exército".www.concursosmilitares.com.br. Archived fromthe original on April 23, 2021. RetrievedMarch 14, 2021.
- ^"Concursos - Como Ingressar na Marinha".www.concursosmilitares.com.br. Archived fromthe original on April 24, 2021. RetrievedMarch 14, 2021.
- ^"Concursos - Como Ingressar na Aeronáutica".www.concursosmilitares.com.br. Archived fromthe original on April 23, 2021. RetrievedMarch 14, 2021.
- ^abH16511 Richard Arthur Preston "To Serve Canada: A History of the Royal Military College of Canada" 1997 Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1969.
- ^4237 Adrian Preston & Peter Dennis (Edited) "Swords and Covenants" Rowman And Littlefield, London. Croom Helm. 1976.
- ^H16511 Richard Preston "R.M.C. and Kingston: The effect of imperial and military influences on a Canadian community" 1968
- ^H1877 R. Guy C. Smith (editor) "As You Were! Ex-Cadets Remember". In 2 Volumes. Volume I: 1876–1918. Volume II: 1919–1984. Royal Military College. [Kingston]. The R.M.C. Club of Canada. 1984
- ^"To Serve Canada: A History of the Royal Military College since the Second World War", Ottawa, University of Ottawa Press, 1991.
- ^"First Bachelor degrees granted at Royal Military College Saint-Jean since 1995".Mirage News. May 14, 2021. RetrievedOctober 16, 2021.
- ^DCOM."Choix de 4A des promotions précédentes – Orientation 4A".portail.polytechnique.edu.Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. RetrievedDecember 9, 2016.
- ^"საქართველოს თავდაცვის სამინისტრო".eta.mod.gov.ge. Archived fromthe original on December 10, 2012. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2012.
- ^"Akademi Militer | Center Of Excellence".Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. RetrievedApril 20, 2007.
- ^"اسم هاي مخفف در نيروهاي مسلح".www.parsine.com (in Persian). Archived fromthe original on September 8, 2016. RetrievedSeptember 11, 2016.
- ^"Portal Rasmi Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia".www.upnm.edu.my.Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. RetrievedMay 3, 2007.
- ^http://maf.mod.gov.my/eng/training_institute/institute02.htm[permanent dead link]
- ^"Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College (Haigate)". Archived fromthe original on April 18, 2007. RetrievedMay 3, 2007.
- ^"Laman Utama -::INSAN::-". Archived fromthe original on May 3, 2007. RetrievedMay 3, 2007.
- ^"Malaysian Peacekeeping Training Centre". Archived fromthe original on May 26, 2007. RetrievedMay 3, 2007.
- ^List of Uganda Military SchoolsArchived February 24, 2015, at theWayback Machine
- ^"1000 TFG Somali soldiers passed out at Bihanga military training". January 25, 2021.Archived from the original on December 17, 2010. RetrievedDecember 15, 2010.
- ^"Kalama Warfare Training School Opened in 2005 at Kabamba". Archived fromthe original on December 4, 2020.
- ^"Museveni shakes up top army command". January 24, 2021.Archived from the original on February 4, 2010. RetrievedFebruary 2, 2010.
- ^Kalama Warfare Training School at KabambaArchived November 2, 2014, at theWayback Machine
- ^Oliver Tambo Leadership School at Kaweweta, Nakaseke DistrictArchived September 29, 2011, at theWayback Machine
- ^South Africa Donates Equipment to Oliver Tambo SchoolArchived November 2, 2012, at theWayback Machine
- ^"About Uganda Airforce Academy". Archived fromthe original on December 4, 2020.
- ^The NUST at LugaziArchived November 2, 2012, at theWayback Machine
- ^About Uganda Urban Warfare Training SchoolArchived February 24, 2015, at theWayback Machine
- ^(in Ukrainian)Official website of National Defense University of UkraineArchived December 26, 2013, at theWayback Machine
- ^"History of Academy". Army Academy named after hetman Petro Sahaydachyi. Archived fromthe original on November 3, 2013. RetrievedJuly 3, 2013.
- ^"University Officers' Training Corps | The British Army".www.army.mod.uk. RetrievedFebruary 11, 2025.
- ^Standberry, Lee (May 9, 2012)."Top 10 Military Colleges in America".TopTenz.net. Archived fromthe original on June 24, 2016. RetrievedAugust 8, 2016.
Unlike other military colleges (the federal service academies), all of VMI's students are members of the Corps of Cadets. This tradition of not offering civilian programs is in keeping with VMI efforts to offer students 'a Spartan, physically and academically demanding environment combined with strict military discipline.'