Sandra Samuel (bornc. 1964) is an Indiannanny who gained international recognition for rescuing a two-year-oldJewish boy named Moshe Holtzberg inMumbai,India, during the2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks.^[1] Samuel was employed as a caretaker at aJewish outreach centre known as theNariman House, which was targeted byLashkar-e-Taiba (LeT). Both of Holtzberg's parents were killed by LeT militants during the attack on the building.^[2] Following the incident, Samuel relocated toIsrael with Holtzberg and was accorded permanent residency and honoraryIsraeli citizenship in 2010.^[3] Samuel resides inWest Jerusalem and works at the local centre ofALEH, an Israeli foundation that provides rehabilitation services fordisabled children and adults.^[4]

Sandra Samuel
Sandra Samuel sits for an interview inNariman House in 2018
Known for	Saving Moshe Holtzberg fromNariman House during the2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks

Samuel had been living in theMumbai Chabad House and working for RabbiGavriel Holtzberg and his wife,Rivka, since 2003. The Holtzbergs were theIsrael-born directors of the house run by the globalOrthodox JewishChabad movement. Samuel had been the nanny caring for the Holtzbergs' son Moshe since his birth.^[5] Samuel stated that she called them "my rabbi" and "my Rivki." When she started working there in 2003, it was expected to be a temporary job but she stated that she was "so captivated by their generous, courageous spirits" that she stayed on. When Moshe was born, she took the role of nanny.^[6]

In June 2008, her husband, John, aKeralite who worked as a mechanic, died suddenly in his sleep of an undiagnosed illness. She has two sons, Martin and Jackson, who were aged 18 and 25 at the time of the attack. She is a Christian. Samuel's family was originally fromGoa but she lived most of her life in Mumbai.^[7][8][9]

On 26 November 2008, as theMumbai attacks began,a group of attackers entered the Chabad house and began shooting at everyone inside. Samuel heard gunshots and locked herself in a laundry room as she heard Rivka screaming. Later, she heard Moshe calling out her name and crying. After emerging from the room and running upstairs, she found Gavriel and Rivka motionless and covered in blood with Moshe crying beside them, his pants drenched in blood. With the attackers still inside, Samuel said she grabbed Moshe and ran from the building along with Qazi Zakir Hussain, an employee of Nariman House.^[10][11] Later, when Indian commando teams stormed the house, it was confirmed that Gavriel and Rivka were among the 173 people killed in the attacks, and that Moshe was now an orphan.^[12]

TheChabad movement's leaders decided Moshe should not stay inIndia and that he would be relocated toIsrael where he has family. However, the movement insisted that Samuel be allowed to come with him, because, as a Chabad spokesperson stated: "At this point she's the only one the boy is responding to."^[13] Although Samuel had nopassport, Moshe's grand uncle, RabbiYitzchak Dovid Grossman, helped arrange for her to get avisa to come to Israel with Holtzberg to help him start his new life. The Israeli government underForeign MinisterTzipi Livni granted Samuel a special visa offering immigration status. They left India for Israel shortly after attending Moshe's parents' funeral.^[12][14]

On 4 December 2008, Samuel gave an interview withCNN in which she said she sees no heroism in her actions and that she wishes she could have been able to help more people, especially Moshe's parents. She stated that she continued to have nightmares of the attacks. Samuel told an interviewer, "They said it is important I am here [in Israel]. Me, I just take care of the baby." When asked about her plans for the future, Samuel said she would stay in Israel for as long as Moshe needs her.^[15] She stated that "No one knows how much Moshe saw, or how much he knows. His back is bruised where terrorists hit him. Now I want to see that this baby who has been given in my care, he grows big, brave like his [dad]."^[16] Samuel says she wants to be with Moshe until he "grows big" and that "By God's grace I hope I am there to see it. That's it. All my blessings to my Moshe baby."^[17]

Samuel later revealed that she was not supposed to be at the Chabad house that evening because she usually visited one of her sons on Wednesday evenings. She stated that "God kept me there because God already knew what would happen."^[18]

In a subsequent interview, Samuel stated that Moshe Holtzberg is happy again, and that he "is like a normal kid, just enjoying himself. He has gotten used to other people surrounding him. He loves it here. He is in very good condition, just like normal. He is having his breakfast, lunch and snacks and he sleeps very well now." She added that he no longer cries out for his parents: "He is not even asking for them now because he is too happy. He loves it here. He has swings, a garden, a see-saw."^[18]

Samuel and Holtzberg initially stayed with Rabbi Grossman after arriving in Israel. However, they later moved toAfula to live with his maternal grandparents.^[18]

In early December 2008, fifth-graders at Solomon Schecter Day School inJericho, New York, wrote individual letters to Samuel to thank her for saving Holtzberg's life. The students cited Samuel's heroism based on the Jewish tradition that "one who saves one person saves an entire nation."^[19][20][21]

On 30 November 2008, theInternational Raoul Wallenberg Foundation, at a special session, unanimously voted to grant Sandra Samuel the Esfira Maiman Women Rescuers Medal in recognition of her bravery. The foundation stated that "Sandra has taught us two lessons of cardinal importance. The first one is that human solidarity is agnostic to race and religion. The second lesson, not less important, is that rescuers are still very much relevant nowadays, as they were more than six decades ago."^[22]

Samuel was awarded permanent resident status and honorary Israeli citizenship on 13 September 2010.^[23][24]

Samuel was honored by thegovernment of Israel with the title ofRighteous among the Nations, the highest award given to non-jews.^[24]

• Real-life hero: When nanny turned saviour
• A Mumbai miracle turns tragic^{[permanent dead link‍]}