Curtiss SC Seahawk

(Redirected fromSC Seahawk)

For the earlier biplane also designated the SC, seeCurtiss CS.

TheCurtiss SC Seahawk was ascout seaplane designed by theCurtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company for theUnited States Navy during World War II. The existingCurtiss SO3C Seamew andVought OS2U Kingfisher were gradually replaced by the Seahawk in the late stages of the war and into peacetime.^[1]

SC Seahawk
A U.S. Navy SC-1 atNaval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, in 1946
General information
Type	Scout seaplane
Manufacturer	Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company
Primary user	United States Navy
Number built	577
History
Introduction date	1944
First flight	16 February 1944
Retired	1949

Design and development

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USS Alaska recovering a SC-1 in March 1945, during the Iwo Jima operation. The aircraft is awaiting pickup by the ship's crane after taxiing onto a landing mat.

A U.S. Navy SC-1 fromUSS Duluth over Shanghai, China in 1948

An SC-1 Seahawk being hoisted aboardUSS Manchester during a deployment to the Mediterranean Sea from in 1947/1948

Seahawk on boardUSS Birmingham

Work began in June 1942, following a US NavyBureau of Aeronautics request forobservation seaplane proposals. Curtiss submitted the Seahawk design on 1 August 1942, with a contract for two prototypes and five service test aircraft awarded on 25 August.^[1] A production order for 500 SC-1s followed in June 1943, prior to the first flight of the prototypes.^[2]

While only intended to seat the pilot, a bunk was provided in the aft fuselage for rescue or personnel transfer. Two 0.5 in (12.7 mm)M2 Browning machine guns were fitted in the wings, and two underwing hardpoints allowed carriage of 250 lb (113 kg) bombs or, on the right wing, surface-scanradar.^[1] The wings were foldable.^[3] The main float, designed to incorporate abomb bay, suffered substantial leaks^{[citation needed]} when used in that fashion, and was modified to carry an auxiliary fuel tank.^[1]

The first flight of a prototypeXSC-1 took place 16 February 1944 at theColumbus, Ohio Curtiss plant.^[4] Flight testing continued through 28 April, when the last of the seven pre-production aircraft took to the air. Nine further prototypes were later built, with a second seat and modified cockpit, under the designationSC-2; series production was not undertaken.

Operational history

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The first serial production Seahawks were delivered on 22 October 1944, toUSS Guam.^[5] All 577 aircraft eventually produced for the Navy were delivered onconventional landing gear and flown to the appropriateNaval Air Station, wherefloats were fitted for service as needed.

Capable of being fitted with either float or wheeled landing gear, the Seahawk was arguably America's bestfloatplane scout ofWorld War II. However, its protracted development time meant it entered service too late to see significant action in the war. It was not until June 1945, during thepre-invasion bombardment of Borneo, that the Seahawk was involved in military action.^[1] By the end of the war, seaplanes were becoming less desirable, with the Seahawk being replaced soon afterward byhelicopters.

Tri-color camouflage and markings on the Seahawk were in accordance with US Navy regulations from 1944, 1945, and later postwar regulations.

Variants

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XSC-1: Prototype
SC-1: Equipped with single-stage, single-speed R-1820-62 engine, 1300 hp at 2600 rpm at 1,100 feet^[6] :Top speed in level flight 235 miles per hour (378 km/h) at 2,200 feet (670 m) with two wing bomb racks equipped and droppable AN/APS-4 radar on right wing rack
SC-2: Upgraded engine for improved altitude performance: Equipped with single-stage, two-speed R-1820-76 engine, 1425 hp at 2700 rpm at 1,000 feet, 1,100 hp at 2700 rpm at 11,600 feet^[7]:Top speed in level flight 261 miles per hour (420 km/h) at 17,400 feet (5.3 km) with two wing bomb racks equipped and undroppable AN/APS-4 radar on special fitting

Specifications (SC-1, float-equipped)

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Data from Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947^[8]

General characteristics

Crew: 1
Capacity: Facility for single stretcher patient
Length: 36 ft 4.5 in (11.087 m)
Wingspan: 41 ft 0 in (12.50 m)
Height: 16 ft 0 in (4.88 m) on beaching gear
Wing area: 280 sq ft (26 m²)
Airfoil:root:NACA 23017;tip:NACA 23010^[9]
Empty weight: 6,320 lb (2,867 kg)
Gross weight: 9,000 lb (4,082 kg)
Powerplant: 1 ×Wright R-1820-62 Cyclone 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 1,300 hp (970 kW)
Propellers: 4-bladed constant-speed propeller

Performance

Maximum speed: 235 mph (378 km/h, 204 kn) at 2,200 ft (670 m)
Cruise speed: 125 mph (201 km/h, 109 kn)
Range: 625 mi (1,006 km, 543 nmi)
Service ceiling: 37,300 ft (11,400 m)
Rate of climb: 2,500 ft/min (13 m/s)

Armament

Guns: 2 × .50 in (12.70 mm)M2 Browning machine guns
Bombs: 2 × 325 lb (147 kg) bombs under-wing

References

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Notes

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^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eBridgeman 1946, pp. 221–222.
^Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p. 153.
^"Fleet Has Fast New Scout Seaplane in Curtiss Seahawk".Popular Science.147 (2). New York: Popular Science Publishing: 72. August 1945.
^Green 1962, p. 166.
^Green 1962, p. 167.
^"Navy SAC, SC-1 "Seahawk""(PDF).
^"NAVY SAC, SC-2 "Seahawk""(PDF).
^Bowers, Peter M. (1979).Curtiss aircraft, 1907-1947. London: Putnam. pp. 446–449.ISBN 0370100298.
^Lednicer, David."The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage".m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved16 April 2019.

Bibliography

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Bowers, Peter M.Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947. London: Putnam, 1979.ISBN 0-370-10029-8.
Bridgeman, Leonard. "The Curtiss Seahawk".Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946.ISBN 1-85170-493-0.
Green, William.War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Six: Floatplanes. London: Macdonald, 1962.
Mondey, David.American Aircraft of World War II (Hamlyn Concise Guide). London: Bounty Books, 2006.ISBN 978-0-7537-1461-4.
Swanborough, Gordon and Peter M. Bowers.United States Navy Aircraft since 1911. London: Putnam, Second Edition 1976.ISBN 0-370-10054-9.