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SC2000

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Block cipher

This article is about the encryption cipher. For the game, seeSimCity 2000.

SC2000
General
Designers	Fujitsu
First published	2000
Certification	CRYPTREC (Candidate)
Cipher detail
Key sizes	128, 192, or 256 bits
Block sizes	128 bits
Structure	combinationSPN andFeistel network
Rounds	6.5 or 7.5
Best publiccryptanalysis
Differential andlinear attacks exist against SC2000 reduced to 4.5 rounds

Incryptography,SC2000 is ablock cipher invented by a research group atFujitsu Labs. It was submitted to theNESSIE project, but was not selected. It was among the cryptographic techniques recommended for Japanese government use byCRYPTREC in 2003; however, it was dropped to "candidate" by CRYPTREC revision in 2013.

The algorithm uses a key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits. It operates on blocks of 128 bits using 6.5 or 7.5 rounds of encryption. Each round consists ofS-box lookups, key additions, and an unkeyed two-roundFeistel network. There are 3 S-boxes: a 4×4-bit one used at the beginning of each round, a 5×5-bit one and a 6×6-bit one used in the Feistel network.

Noanalysis of the full SC2000 has been announced, but a reduced version of 4.5 rounds is susceptible tolinear cryptanalysis, and a reduced version of 5 rounds is susceptible todifferential cryptanalysis.^[1]^[2]^[3]

In 2014,Alex Biryukov and Ivica Nikolić found a weakness in thekey schedule of SC2000 which allows an attacker to find colliding keys which result in identical encryptions in just 2³⁹ time for 256 bit keys. They proved that there are 2⁶⁸ colliding key pairs and the whole set can be found in 2⁵⁸ time.^[4]

References

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^Lars Knudsen, Håvard Raddum (7 March 2001)."A first report on Whirlpool, NUSH, SC2000, Noekeon, Two-Track-MAC and RC6"(PDF). Retrieved8 February 2007.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)
^Hitoshi Yanami, Takeshi Shimoyama,Orr Dunkelman (2000).Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis of a Reduced-Round SC2000(PDF/PostScript). Proceedings of Second Open NESSIE Workshop. Retrieved8 February 2007.{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Jiqiang Lu (July 2011)."Differential Attack on Five Rounds of the SC2000 Block Cipher"(PDF).Journal of Computer Science and Technology. Retrieved30 January 2012.
^Alex Biryukov; Ivica Nikolić (10 November 2014)."Colliding Keys for SC2000-256"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 24 September 2016. Retrieved16 September 2015.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)

External links

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256bit Ciphers - SC2000 Reference implementation and derived code

v t e Block ciphers (security summary)
Common algorithms	AES Blowfish DES (internal mechanics,Triple DES) Serpent SM4 Twofish
Less common algorithms	ARIA Camellia CAST-128 GOST IDEA LEA RC5 RC6 SEED Skipjack TEA XTEA
Other algorithms	3-Way Adiantum Akelarre Anubis Ascon BaseKing BassOmatic BATON BEAR and LION CAST-256 Chiasmus CIKS-1 CIPHERUNICORN-A CIPHERUNICORN-E CLEFIA CMEA Cobra COCONUT98 Crab Cryptomeria/C2 CRYPTON CS-Cipher DEAL DES-X DFC E2 FEAL FEA-M FROG G-DES Grand Cru Hasty Pudding cipher Hierocrypt ICE IDEA NXT Intel Cascade Cipher Iraqi Kalyna KASUMI KeeLoq KHAZAD Khufu and Khafre KN-Cipher Kuznyechik Ladder-DES LOKI (97,89/91) Lucifer M6 M8 MacGuffin Madryga MAGENTA MARS Mercy MESH MISTY1 MMB MULTI2 MultiSwap New Data Seal NewDES Nimbus NOEKEON NUSH PRESENT Prince Q QARMA RC2 REDOC Red Pike S-1 SAFER SAVILLE SC2000 SHACAL SHARK Simon Speck Spectr-H64 Square SXAL/MBAL Threefish Treyfer UES xmx XXTEA Zodiac
Design	Feistel network Key schedule Lai–Massey scheme Product cipher S-box P-box SPN Confusion and diffusion Round Avalanche effect Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation)
Attack (cryptanalysis)	Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Linear (Piling-up lemma) Differential Impossible Truncated Higher-order Differential-linear Distinguishing (Known-key) Integral/Square Boomerang Modn Related-key Slide Rotational Side-channel Timing Power-monitoring Electromagnetic Acoustic Differential-fault XSL Interpolation Partitioning Rubber-hose Black-bag Davies Rebound Weak key Tau Chi-square Time/memory/data tradeoff
Standardization	AES process CRYPTREC NESSIE NSA Suite B CNSA
Utilization	Initialization vector Mode of operation Padding

v t e Cryptography
General	History of cryptography Outline of cryptography Classical cipher Cryptographic protocol Authentication protocol Cryptographic primitive Cryptanalysis Cryptocurrency Cryptosystem Cryptographic nonce Cryptovirology Hash function Cryptographic hash function Key derivation function Secure Hash Algorithms Digital signature Kleptography Key (cryptography) Key exchange Key generator Key schedule Key stretching Keygen Machines Ransomware Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal channel Encryption Decryption End-to-end encryption Harvest now, decrypt later Information-theoretic security Plaintext Codetext Ciphertext Shared secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network
Mathematics	Cryptographic hash function Block cipher Stream cipher Symmetric-key algorithm Authenticated encryption Public-key cryptography Quantum key distribution Quantum cryptography Post-quantum cryptography Message authentication code Random numbers Steganography
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