Rose hip

"Rosehip" redirects here. For the type of neuron, seeRosehip neuron. For the album "The Rosehips", seeKevin Junior § The Rosehips.

This article is about the fruit of the rose flower plant. For the manga, seeRose Hip Rose andRose Hip Zero.

Therose hip orrosehip, also calledrose haw androse hep, is theaccessory fruit of the various species ofrose plant. It is typically red to orange, but ranges from dark purple to black in some species. Rose hips begin to form afterpollination of flowers in spring or early summer, and ripen in late summer through autumn.

Sweet-briar ssp. complete with persistentsepals at the end of the fully ripened hip, backward pointing thorns and hairs covering thepedicels and fruiting body.

Rose hips fromRosa roxburghii inQuarryhill Botanical Garden, California

Propagation

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Roses are propagated from rose hips by removing theachenes that contain the seeds from thehypanthium (the outer coating) and sowing just beneath the surface of the soil. The seeds can take many months to germinate. Most species require chilling (stratification), with some such asRosa canina only germinating after two winter chill periods.

Uses

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Rose hip jam on a bread roll

Rose hips are used inbread andpies,jam,jelly,marmalade,syrup,soup,tea,wine, and otherbeverages.

Rose hips can be eaten raw, like berries, if care is taken to avoid the hairs inside the fruit. Theseurticating hairs are used asitching powder.^[1]

A few rose species are sometimes grown for the ornamental value of their hips, such asRosa moyesii, which has prominent, large, red bottle-shaped fruits.Rosa macrophylla 'Master Hugh' has the largest hips of any readily available rose.^[2]

Rose hips are commonly used in herbal tea, often blended withhibiscus. An oil is also extracted from the seeds. Rose hip soup, known asnyponsoppa inSwedish, is especially popular in Sweden.Rhodomel, a type ofmead, is made with rose hips.

Rose hips can be used to makepálinka, the traditional Hungarian fruitbrandy popular in Hungary, Romania, and other countries sharing Austro-Hungarian history. Rose hips are also the central ingredient ofcockta, the fruity-tasting national soft drink ofSlovenia.

Dried rose hips are also sold for crafts and home fragrance purposes. TheInupiat mix rose hips withwild redcurrant andhighbush cranberries and boil them into a syrup.^[3]

Nutrients and research

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Rose hips under the snow

Wild rose hip fruits are particularly rich invitamin C, containing 426 mg per 100 g^[4] or 0.4% by weight (w/w).RP-HPLC assays of fresh rose hips and several commercially available products revealed a wide range ofL-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content, ranging from 0.03 to 1.3%.^[5]

Rose hips contain thecarotenoids beta-carotene,lutein,zeaxanthin, andlycopene.^[6]^[7] Ameta-analysis of human studies examining the potential for rose hip extracts to reducearthritis pain concluded there was a small effect requiring further analysis of safety and efficacy inclinical trials.^[8] Use of rose hips is not considered an effective treatment for kneeosteoarthritis.^[9]

References

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^Albert MR (1998). "Novelty shop "itching powder".Australasian Journal of Dermatology.39 (3):188–9.doi:10.1111/j.1440-0960.1998.tb01281.x.PMID 9737050.S2CID 9033914.
^Rise, Graham (2022)."Hipster roses". The Royal Horticultural Society.Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved29 March 2022.
^Jones, Anore (1983).Nauriat Niġiñaqtuat: Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska: Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program. p. 105.
^"Rose Hips, wild (Northern Plains Indians) per 100 g". US Department of Agriculture, National Nutrient Database, Standard Reference Release 28. 2016.Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved28 January 2018.
^Ziegler SJ (1986). "Fast and Selective Assay of l-Ascorbic Acid in Rose Hips by RP-HPLC Coupled with Electrochemical and/or Spectrophotometric Detection".Planta Medica.52 (5):383–7.doi:10.1055/s-2007-969192.PMID 17345347.
^Jacoby FC; Wokes F (1944)."Carotene and lycopene in rose hips and other fruit".Biochemical Journal.38 (3):279–82.doi:10.1042/bj0380279.PMC 1258081.PMID 16747793.
^Horváth, G; Molnár, P; Radó-Turcsi, E; et al. (2012)."Carotenoid composition and in vitro pharmacological activity of rose hips"(PDF).Acta Biochimica Polonica.59 (1):129–32.doi:10.18388/abp.2012_2187.PMID 22428123.Archived(PDF) from the original on 2022-01-03. Retrieved2014-07-29.
^Christensen, R; Bartels, E. M.; Altman, R. D.; Astrup, A; Bliddal, H (2008)."Does the hip powder ofRosa canina (rosehip) reduce pain in osteoarthritis patients?--a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".Osteoarthritis and Cartilage.16 (9):965–72.doi:10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.001.PMID 18407528.Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved2016-03-14.
^McAlindon, T. E.; Bannuru, R. R.; Sullivan, M. C.; et al. (2014)."OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis".Osteoarthritis and Cartilage.22 (3):363–88.doi:10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.003.PMID 24462672.