Thislist of Roman civil wars and revolts includescivil wars and organizedcivil disorder, revolts, and rebellions inancient Rome (Roman Kingdom,Roman Republic, andRoman Empire) until thefall of the Western Roman Empire (753 BC – AD 476). For theEastern Roman Empire orByzantine Empire after the division of the Empire in West and East, seeList of Byzantine revolts and civil wars (AD 330–1453). For external conflicts, seeList of Roman external wars and battles.

From the establishment of theRoman Republic in 509 BC until the 1st century BC, there were a sparse number of civil wars. But with theCrisis of the Roman Republic (134–44 BC), a period of considerable political instability began. The cause of the late Roman Republican civil wars is contested, as is whether the wars were the cause of, or caused by, the end of the Roman Republic.^[1]: 2–3 Regardless, a nearly constant stream of civil wars marked the end of the Roman Republic and heralded the rise of the Roman Empire in 27 BC. The first century of Empire was marked by widespread revolt through territoryRome had captured in the preceding centuries. The second century AD was relatively peaceful, with a limited number of revolts. Political instability returned to the Empire with theCrisis of the Third Century (235–284 AD), which saw at least 26 civil wars in just 50 years asusurpers sought the imperial throne. The fourth and fifth centuries AD were characterized by a regular rising of usurpers. The overthrow of the last Western Roman emperor in AD 476 by theGermanic kingOdoacer marked the final civil war or revolt, as well as the end of the WesternRoman Empire.

Because the study of Roman civil war has been deeply influenced by historic Roman views on civil war, not all entries on this list may be considered civil wars by modern historians. Implicit in most Roman power struggles was a propaganda battle, which impacted how the struggle would be chronicled and referred to. For example, historians Lange & Vervaet suggest that the crisis afterCaesar's assassination might be better understood as an internal emergency. Conversely, some revolts on this list may be properly considered to be civil wars, but were not referred to as such by Roman chroniclers. As Lange & Vervaet note, "civil war often refuses to speak its name."^[1]: 3–5

• 509 BCOverthrow of the Roman monarchy
• 509 BCTarquinian conspiracy

• 500 BC–287 BCConflict of the Orders – political struggle between theplebeians andpatricians of theRoman Republic

• 241 BC:Falisci revolt – revolt suppressed^[2]
• 216–203 BC: Defection of Rome'sItalic allies to the Carthaginians during thePunic Wars

• 135–132 BC:First Servile War inSicily - slave revolt suppressed^[3][4][5]
• 125 BC:Fregellae's revolt - revolt suppressed^[6]
• 104–100 BC:Second Servile War in Sicily - slave revolt suppressed^[7]

• 91–87 BC:Social War, between Rome and many of its fellow Italian allies – Roman victory.^[5]
  • 89 BC –Battle of Fucine Lake – Roman forces underLucius Porcius Cato are defeated by the Italian rebels.
  • 89 BC –Battle of Asculum – Roman army of C. Pompeius Strabo decisively defeats the rebels.
• 88 BC:Sulla's first march on Rome, causing his enemy,Gaius Marius, to be outlawed^[5]
• Bellum Octavianum (87 BC), civil war between the consulsCornelius Cinna andOctavius – Cinnan victory.
• Sulla's civil war (83–81 BC), fought between Sulla and Cinna's supporters – Sullan victory.^{[citation needed]} Some regard the entire 88–82 BC period as one of Roman civil war.^[5]
  • 82 BC –
    • Battle of the Asio River –Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius defeats a Popular army underGaius Carrinas.
    • Battle of Sacriporto – Fought between theOptimates underLucius Cornelius Sulla Felix and the Populares underGaius Marius the Younger, Optimate victory.
    • First Battle of Clusium – Fought between the Optimates under Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix and the Populares underGnaeus Papirius Carbo, Popular victory.
    • Battle of Faventia – Fought between the Optimates underQuintus Caecilius Metellus Pius and the Populares underGaius Norbanus Balbus, Optimate victory.
    • Battle of Fidentia – Fought between the Optimates underMarcus Terentius Varro Lucullus and the Populares underLucius Quincius, Optimate victory.
    • Second Battle of Clusium – Pompei Magnus defeats a numerically superior Populares army under Gaius Carrinas andGaius Marcius Censorinus.
    • Battle of Colline Gate –Sulla defeatsSamnites allied to the popular party in Rome in the decisive battle of the Civil War.
• Sertorian War (80–72 BC) between Rome and the provinces ofHispania under the leadership ofQuintus Sertorius, a former supporter of Marius and Cinna – Sullan victory.
  • 80 BC –Battle of the Baetis River – Rebel forces underQuintus Sertorius defeat the legal Roman forces of Lucius Fufidius in Hispania.
  • 79 BC –Battle at the Anas River – Sertorius' legateLucius Hirtuleius defeats the Sullan GovernorMarcus Domitius Calvinus, who dies in the altercation.
  • 76 BC –Battle of Lauron – Sertorius defeatsPompey outside the walls of the city of Lauron, which he then razes to the ground.
  • 75 BC –
    • Battle of Valentia – Pompey defeats Sertorius' subordinatesMarcus Perperna Veiento and Gaius Herennius nearValentia.
    • Battle of Italica –Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius defeats Hirtuleius near the Roman colony of Italica.
    • Battle of Sucro – Sertorius and Pompey clash near the banks of theSucro River. Both armies lose a wing and the battle ends in a draw.
    • Battle of Saguntum – Sertorius, Perperna and Hirtuleius battle with Metellus and Pompey. The battle ends in a draw, with heavy losses on both sides:Gaius Memmius and Hirtuleius die.
    • Siege of Clunia – Sertorius lay sieged inClunia with Metellus and Pompey outside. He eventually extricates himself, rejoins with his army, and resumes the war.
  • 74 BC –Siege of Calgurris – Sertorius defeats a besieging Roman army at the fortress town of Calgurris.
  • 73/72 BC –Battle of Osca – Perperna leads the Sertorians in battle against Pompey after assassinating Sertorius, nearOsca. Pompey defeats him, ending the Sertorian War.
• 77 BC:Lepidus' rebellion against the Sullan regime – Sullan victory.
• Third Servile War in Italy (73–71 BC) – slave revolt suppressed.
  • 73 BC –Battle of Mount Vesuvius –Spartacus defeatsGaius Claudius Glaber
  • 72 BC –Battle of Picenum – Slave Revolt led by Spartacus defeat a Roman army led byGellius Publicola andGnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus
  • 72 BC –Battle of Mutina I – Slave Revolt led by Spartacus defeat another army of Romans.
  • 71 BC –
    • Battle of Cantenna – Roman forces defeated a detached of Spartacus' army led by gladiatorsGannicus andCastus
    • Battle of Campania – Slave Revolt led by Spartacus defeat a Roman army.
    • Battle of Campania II – a Roman army underMarcus Crassus defeats Spartacus's army of slaves.
    • Battle of the Siler River –Marcus Crassus defeats the army of Spartacus.
• Catilinarian conspiracy (63–62 BC) – failed coup d'état by the dissatisfied followers ofCatiline against the Senate – Senatorial victory.
  • 62 BC, January –Battle of Pistoria – The forces of the conspirator Catiline are defeated by the loyal Roman armies under Gaius Antonius.
• 54–53 BC:Ambiorix's revolt, part of the largerGallic Wars.
• Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) betweenJulius Caesar and theOptimates initially led byPompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) – Caesarian victory.
  • 49 BC, June –Battle of Ilerda – Caesar's army surround Pompeian forces and cause them to surrender.
  • 49 BC, 24 August –Battle of the Bagradas River – Caesar's general Gaius Curio is defeated in North Africa by the Pompeians under Attius Varus and KingJuba I of Numidia. Curio is killed in battle.^[8]
  • 48 BC, 10 July –Battle of Dyrrhachium – Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat by Pompey in Macedonia
  • 48 BC, 9 August –Battle of Pharsalus – Caesar decisively defeatsPompey, who flees to Egypt
  • 47 BC, February –Battle of the Nile – Caesar defeats the forces of the Egyptian kingPtolemy XIII
  • 46 BC, 4 January –Battle of Ruspina – Caesar loses perhaps as much as a third of his army toTitus Labienus
  • 46 BC, 6 February –Battle of Thapsus – Caesar defeats the Pompeian army of Metellus Scipio in North Africa.
  • 45 BC, 17 March –Battle of Munda – In his last victory, Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Gnaeus Pompey the Younger in Hispania. Labienus is killed in the battle and the Younger Pompey captured and executed.
• 46 BC: Revolt of theBellovaci in North-Eastern Gaul – revolt suppressed
• 44 BC: Revolt of theAllobroges in Gaul – revolt suppressed
• War of Mutina (December 44 – April 43 BC) between theSenate's army (led first byCicero and then byOctavian) and the army ofMark Antony,Lepidus, and their colleagues – Truce results in union of forces.
  • 43 BC, 14 April –Battle of Forum Gallorum – Antony, besieging Caesar's assassin Decimus Brutus inMutina, defeats the forces of the consul Pansa, who is killed, but is then immediately defeated by the army of the other consul, Hirtius.
  • 43 BC, 21 April:Battle of Mutina – Senatorial victory over Mark Antony.
• Liberators' civil war (44–42 BC) between theSecond Triumvirate and the Liberators (Brutus andCassius, Caesar's assassins) – Triumvirate victory.
  • 43 BC, 21 April –Battle of Mutina – Antony is again defeated in battle by Hirtius, who is killed. Although Antony fails to capture Mutina, Decimus Brutus is murdered shortly thereafter.
  • 42 BC, 3 October –First Battle of Philippi –TriumvirsMark Antony andOctavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's assassinsMarcus Brutus andCassius. Although Brutus defeats Octavian, Antony defeats Cassius, who commits suicide.
  • 42 BC, 23 October –Second Battle of Philippi – Brutus's army is decisively defeated by Antony and Octavian. Brutus escapes, but commits suicide soon after.
• Bellum Siculum (42–36 BC), war between theSecond Triumvirate (particularly Octavian andAgrippa) andSextus Pompey, the son of Pompey – Triumvirate victory.
  • 36 BC –Battle of Naulochus – Octavian's fleet, under the command ofMarcus Vipsanius Agrippa defeats the forces of the rebelSextus Pompeius.
• Perusine War (41–40 BC) between the forces of Octavian againstLucius Antonius andFulvia (the younger brother and wife of Mark Antony) – Octavian victory.
  • 41 BC –Battle of Perugia – Mark Antony's brother Lucius Antonius and his wife Fulvia are defeated by Octavian.
• 38 BC: Revolt ofAquitanian tribes – revolt suppressed byMarcus Vipsanius Agrippa
• War of Actium orFinal War of the Roman Republic (32–30 BC): between Octavian and his friend and general Agrippa against Antony andCleopatra – Octavian victory.
  • 31 BC, 2 September –Battle of Actium –Octavian decisively defeats Antony andCleopatra in a naval battle near Greece.
• 30–29 BC: Revolt of theMorini andTreveri in Northern Gaul with Germanic support – revolt suppressed
• 30 BC: Revolt in theNile delta and theThebaid – revolt suppressed byGaius Cornelius Gallus
• 28–27 BC: Revolt inGallia Aquitania – revolt suppressed byMarcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus
• 13 BC: Revolt of Vologases, priest ofDionysus, inThrace – revolt suppressed
• 11–9 BC: Revolt of southern mountain tribes in Thrace – revolt suppressed byCalpurnius Piso
• 4 BC: Revolt of Jews inJudea – revolt suppressed byPublius Quinctilius Varus

• 3–6: Revolt of theGaetuli inMauretania – revolt suppressed byCossus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus
• 6: Revolt ofJudas of Galilee against Roman taxation – revolt suppressed
• Bellum Batonianum (6–9) – An alliance of tribes numbering more than 200,000 people inIllyricum rose in rebellion against Rome, but were suppressed by Roman legions led byTiberius andGermanicus.
• 9:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest –Cherusci-born Roman commanderArminius defected to a coalition Germanic rebel groups, who jointly ambushed and annihilated three Roman legions underPublius Quinctilius Varus, prompting retaliation campaigns by the Romans. The revolt was eventually successful, and the Roman Empire abandoned all its holdings northeast of the Rhine. See alsoRoman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16).
• 14: Mutiny of the legions in Germania and Illyricum suppressed byGermanicus andDrusus Julius Caesar
• 17–24:Tacfarinas' revolt in north Africa – revolt suppressed byPublius Cornelius Dolabella
• 21:Revolt of Sacrovir – revolt of the Treveri,Aedui,Andes (Andecavi) and Turoni under Julius Florus and Julius Sacrovir in Gaul – revolt suppressed byGaius Silius andGaius Calpurnius Aviola
• 21: Revolt of theCoelaletae,Odrysae andDii in Thrace – revolt suppressed by P. Vellaeus
• 26: Revolt inThrace – revolt suppressed byGaius Poppaeus Sabinus
• 28:Battle of Baduhenna Wood: revolt of theFrisii – pyrrhic Roman victory
• 36: Revolt of the Cietae inCappadocia – revolt suppressed by Marcus Trebellius
• 38:Alexandrian riots
• 40: Alexandrian riots
• 40–44: Revolt ofAedemon andSabalus in Mauretania – revolt suppressed byGaius Suetonius Paulinus andGnaeus Hosidius Geta
• 42: Failed usurpation ofLucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus in Dalmatia
• 46: Riots in the Kingdom of Thrace against the Romans after the death of King Rhoemetalces III – revolt suppressed
• 46–48:Jacob and Simon uprising in theGalilee – revolt suppressed
• 60–61:Boudican revolt^[5] byIceni,Trinovantes and other Celtic tribes in Britannia commanded by queenBoudica – revolt suppressed byGaius Suetonius Paulinus
  • 60 –Battle of Camulodunum – Boudica began her uprising against the Romans by capturing and then sacking Camulodunum, then moved onLondinium.
  • 61 –Battle of Watling Street – Boudica was defeated bySuetonius Paullinus
• First Jewish–Roman War (66–73) – revolt suppressed^[5]
  • 66 –Battle of Beth-Horon – Jewish forces led byEleazar ben Simon defeated a Roman punitive force led byCestius Gallus, Governor of Syria
  • 73 –Siege of Masada – TheSicarii were defeated by the Romans underLucius Flavius Silva, leading them to commitmass suicide
• Year of the Four Emperors (68–69)^[5] – Roman war of succession between various Roman pretenders following the death ofNero (AD 68). After Nero's suicide, the generalsGalba,Otho, andVitellius took the throne within months of each other.General Vespasian, who until that point had been fighting therevolt in Judaea, was victorious, and founded theFlavian dynasty.
  • 68: Revolt inGallia Lugdunensis underGaius Julius Vindex – revolt suppressed byLucius Verginius Rufus' army
  • 69 –
    • Winter –Battle of 'Forum Julii' – Othonian forces defeated a small group of Vitellianistauxiliaries inGallia Narbonensis
    • 14 April –First Battle of Bedriacum –Vitellius, commander of the Rhine armies, defeated EmperorOtho and seized the throne.
    • 24 October –Second Battle of Bedriacum – Forces underAntonius Primus, the commander of the Danube armies, loyal toVespasian, defeated the forces of EmperorVitellius.
  • 69–70:Revolt of the Batavi, Treveri andLingones in Gaul – revolt suppressed
• 69: Revolt ofAnicetus inColchis – revolt suppressed by Virdius Geminus
• 79–80: Failed usurpation ofTerentius Maximus, aPseudo-Nero, in Asia
• 89: Revolt ofLucius Antonius Saturninus with two legions inGermania Superior – revolt suppressed

• Kitos War (115–117) – traditionalist Jewish revolt against Rome
• Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135/136) – traditionalist Jewish revolt against Rome^[9]
• Year of the Five Emperors (193–197): Roman war of succession between the generalsSeptimius Severus,Pescennius Niger andClodius Albinus following the assassination ofCommodus (AD 192) and the subsequent murders of Pertinax andDidius Julianus (AD 193). Severus was victorious and founded theSeveran dynasty.^[9]
  • 193 –Battle of Cyzicus –Septimius Severus, the new Emperor, defeated his eastern rivalPescennius Niger
  • 193 –Battle of Nicaea – Severus again defeated Niger
  • 194 –Battle of Issus – Severus finally defeated Niger.
  • 197, 19 February –Battle of Lugdunum – Emperor Septimius Severus defeated and killed his rivalClodius Albinus, securing full control over the Empire.

• 218, 8 June:Battle of Antioch, fought between the Emperor Macrinus and his rivalElagabalus (Varius Avitus) and resulting in Macrinus' downfall and his replacement by Elagabalus.
• 219: Failed usurpations ofVerus andGellius Maximus in Syria.
• 221: Failed usurpation ofSeleucus, possibly inMoesia
• 227: Failed usurpation ofSeius Sallustius in Rome
• 232: Failed usurpation ofTaurinius in Syria.

• 235–284:Crisis of the Third Century – at least 26 claimants fought with each other to become emperor and emperors fought against usurpers, resulting in frequent civil war and breakawayGallic Roman (260–274) andPalmyrene Empires (270–273).

• 238:Year of the Six Emperors between various generals against Maximinus Thrax and after his murder.
  • 238 –Battle of Carthage – Troops loyal to the Roman EmperorMaximinus Thrax defeat and kill his successorGordian II. AfterGordian I andGordian II are defeated by a pro-Maximinus Army following an attempt to overthrow the emperor, Maximinus is assassinated.Pupienus,Balbinus, andGordian III replace him, but the former two are assassinated within months and only Gordian III survives.
• 240: Failed usurpation ofSabinianus in Mauretania
• 248–249: Failed usurpations ofJotapianus in Syria andPacatianus in Moesia.
• 249: EmperorPhilip the Arab killed and overthrown by rebels at theBattle of Verona and replaced byDecius.
• 250: Failed usurpation ofLicinianus in Rome.
• 251: Failed usurpation ofTitus Julius Priscus in Thrace.
• 252: Failed usurpation ofCyriades in Syria.
• 253: Usurpations ofAemilianus andValerian: EmperorsTrebonianus Gallus andVolusianus murdered by their soldiers and replaced by Aemilianus. Valerian raises the Rhine legions in revolt, while Aemilianus is killed by his own soldiers.
• 254: Failed usurpation ofUranius in Syria.
• 260: Failed usurpations ofIngenuus andRegalianus inPannonia; possibly ofSponsianus inDacia.
• 260–261: Failed usurpation ofMacrianus Major,Macrianus Minor,Quietus andBalista in the East
• 260–274: The breakawayGallic Empire
• 261: Failed usurpations ofLucius Piso andValens Thessalonicus inAchaea.
• 261–262: Failed usurpation ofMussius Aemilianus andMemor in Egypt.
• 267: Failed usurpation ofMaeonius in Palmyra.
• 268: Failed usurpation ofAureolus in the West. EmperorGallienus murdered by his soldiers andClaudius Gothicus proclaimed Emperor.
• 270: Usurpation ofAurelian againstQuintillus.
• Palmyrene war between Rome and the breakawayPalmyrene Empire.
  • 270 –Palmyrene invasion of Egypt – Palmyrene victory
  • 272 –
    • Battle of Immae – Aurelian defeats the army ofZenobia ofPalmyra
    • Battle of Emesa – Aurelian decisively defeats Zenobia.
• 271: Failed usurpations ofFelicissimus in Rome andSeptimius in Dalmatia.
• 274 –Battle of Châlons – Aurelian defeats the Gallic usurperTetricus, reestablishing central control of the whole empire.
• 275: Aurelian murdered by the Praetorian Guard and replaced byMarcus Claudius Tacitus
• 276: Usurpation ofProbus againstFlorianus.
• 280: Failed usurpation ofJulius Saturninus in the East.
• 280–281: Failed usurpation ofProculus andBonosus in the West.
• 282:Probus assassinated by his soldiers. The new emperorCarus may have been involved in the plotting.
• 283–285: Failed usurpation ofSabinus Julianus.
• 284–285: Usurpation ofDiocletian againstCarinus
  • 285 –Battle of the Margus – The usurperDiocletian defeated the army of the EmperorCarinus, who was killed.

• 284–286:Bagaudae uprising in Gaul underAelianus and Amandus – revolt suppressed
• 286–296:Carausian revolt underCarausius andAllectus in Britain and northern Gaul – revolt suppressed
• 293: Revolt of the towns of Busiris and Coptos in the Egyptian Thebaid – revolt suppressed byGalerius
• 297–298: Failed usurpation ofDomitius Domitianus andAchilleus in Egypt

The 4th century begins with civil war resulting in the ascendancy ofConstantine I, then, after his death, the progressiveChristianization of the empire, and wars withSassanid Persia and Germanic tribes, punctuated frequently with more civil wars.

• 303: Failed usurpation ofEugenius inRoman Syria
• Civil wars of the Tetrarchy (306–324), beginning with the usurpation ofMaxentius and the defeat ofFlavius Valerius Severus, and ending with the defeat ofLicinius at the hands ofConstantine I in 324. TheTetrarchy established byDiocletian would break up because of these wars.
  • 312 –
    • Battle of Turin –Constantine I defeats forces loyal toMaxentius.
    • Battle of Verona – Constantine I defeats more forces loyal to Maxentius.
    • 28 October –Battle of Milvian Bridge – Constantine I defeats Maxentius and takes control of Italy.
  • 313, 30 April –Battle of Tzirallum – In the eastern part of the Empire, the forces ofLicinius defeatMaximinus.
  • 316, 8 October –Battle of Cibalae – Constantine defeats Licinius
  • 316 or 317 –Battle of Mardia – Constantine again defeats Licinius, who cedesIllyricum to Constantine.
  • 324 –
    • 3 July –Battle of Adrianople – Constantine defeats Licinius, who flees toByzantium
    • July –Battle of the Hellespont –Flavius Julius Crispus, son of Constantine, defeats the naval forces of Licinius
    • 18 September –Battle of Chrysopolis – Constantine decisively defeats Licinius, establishing his sole control over the empire.

• 334: Failed usurpation ofCalocaerus in Cyprus
• 337:CaesarsDalmatius andHannibalianus killed by soldiers in a purge orchestrated byConstantius II.
• 340: Civil war, whenConstans defeated and killed his brotherConstantine II in an ambush nearAquileia.^[10][11]
• Roman civil war of 350–353, when Constantius II defeated the usurperMagnentius who had assassinated Constans.
  • 351 –Battle of Mursa Major – Emperor Constantius II defeats the usurperMagnentius
  • 353 –Battle of Mons Seleucus – Final defeat of Magnentius by Constantius II
• Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus – 351–352 - Rebellion of Jews inSyria Palaestina – revolt suppressed
• 355: Failed usurpation ofClaudius Silvanus in Gaul
• 361: Usurpation ofJulian the Apostate
• 365–366:Revolt of Procopius, when the EmperorValens defeated the usurpersProcopius andMarcellus.
• Civil War – 366 –Battle of Thyatira – The army of the Roman emperorValens defeats the usurperProcopius.
• Great Conspiracy – 367-368 - Rebellion in theHadrian's Wall and failed invasion of Britain byPicts,Scotti,Attacotti,Saxons andFranks.
• 372: Failed usurpation ofTheodorus inAntioch
• 372–375: Revolt ofFirmus in Africa – revolt suppressed byCount Theodosius
• Tanukh revolt against Rome– 378-Spring - theTanukhids Arabs rebels against Roman rule, led by their queen Mavia in Syria. The revolt end in a truce.
• 383–384: Usurpation ofMagnus Maximus in the west and the killing ofGratian by the generalAndragathius
• 387: Tax riots against EmperorTheodosius I in Antioch.
• 387–388:Battle of the Save, when the Eastern Emperor Theodosius I defeated the usurper / Western EmperorMagnus Maximus.
• 390: Revolt in Thessalonica culminating in theMassacre of Thessalonica.
• Civil war of 392–394
  • 394, 5–6 September –Battle of the Frigidus, when the Eastern EmperorTheodosius I defeated the usurper / Western EmperorEugenius and hisFrankishmagister militumArbogast.
• 395:Gothic War (395-398) - Gothic revolt of Alaric I
• 398:Gildonic War –ComesGildo, governor of Africa, rebelled against the Western EmperorHonorius. The revolt was subdued byFlavius Stilicho, themagister militum of theWestern Roman Empire.
• 399–400:Gothic Revolt of Tribigild andGainas in the Eastern Empire – revolt suppressed

• 406–413: Civil war as the usurpersMarcus,Gratian,Constantine III,Constans II (son of Constantine III),Maximus of Hispania,Priscus Attalus,Jovinus,Sebastianus andHeraclianus tried to usurp the throne ofEmperor Honorius. All were defeated.
  • 412–413:War of Heraclianus
• 409–417:Bagaudae uprising in the Loire valley and Brittany
• 416–418;Gothic War in Spain (416–418)
• 419–421: Revolt ofMaximus inHispania – revolt suppressed
• 423–425:Roman civil war of 425, when the usurperJoannes was defeated by the army of EmperorValentinian III.
• 425–426:Gothic revolt of Theodoric I
• 427–429:Roman civil war of 427–429, when theComes AfricaeBonifacius fought inconclusively against theMagister militumFelix. The civil war was terminated by negotiations brokered byGalla Placidia.
• 428:Frankish War (428)
• 429–435:Vandal conquest of Roman Africa
  • 429:Battle of Calama
  • 430–431:Siege of Hippo Regius
• 430–431:Aetius campaign in the Alps
• 431–432:Frankish War (431–432)
• 432:Roman civil war of 432 when theMagister militumFlavius Aetius was defeated by the rivalMagister militum Bonifacius, who died of wounds sustained in battle soon afterwards, giving Aetius full control over the Western Empire.
  • Battle of Rimini (432)
• 435
  • 435–437:Bagaudae uprising under Tibatto in Gaul suppressed by Flavius Aetius.
  • 435–436:Burgundian Revolt of Gunther –Flavius Aetius defects theBurgundians.
• 436
  • 436–439:Gothic War (436–439)
    • 436:Battle of Narbonne – Flavius Aetius again defeats the Visigoths led byTheodoric.
    • 438:Battle of Mons Colubrarius
    • 439:Battle of Toulouse –Visigoths led byTheodoric I defeat Romans under GeneralLitorius, who is killed.
• 439–442Vandal War (439–442)
  • 19 October –Battle of Carthage – Romans loseCarthage to theVandals.^[12]
• 455: Valentinian III assassinated and overthrown byPetronius Maximus.
• 455: Petronius Maximus stoned to death by mob and replaced byAvitus.
• 456
  • Gothic War in Spain (456) – A Visigothic army, led byTheodoric II recaptures Spain on behalf of the West Roman Empire.
  • Battle of Agrigentum (456) – An army of theWestern Roman Empire, led by the Romano-Suebian generalRicimer, drove off an invading fleet sent by theVandal kingGaiseric to raid Sicily.
  • Battle of Corsica – the Vandals were attacked by Ricimer and defeated.
  • Roman civil war of 456, when EmperorAvitus was defeated by the revolversMajorianus andRicimer.
• 461:Majorian assassinated and overthrown byRicimer.
• 461–468Vandal War (461–468)
  • 468Battle of Cap Bon (468)
• 468: Failed usurpation byArvandus.
• 470: Failed usurpation byRomanus.
• 472:Anthemius overthrown by Ricimer.
• 474:Glycerius overthrown byJulius Nepos.
• 475: Julius Nepos overthrown byOrestes.
• 476: Orestes overthrown byOdoacer.Romulus Augustulus deposed, ending the Western Roman Empire.

• Jones, Jim (2013)."Roman History Timeline"(PDF). West Chester University of Pennsylvania. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2 April 2023. Retrieved2 April 2023.
• Kohn, George Childs, 'Dictionary of Wars, Revised Edition' (Checkmark Books, New York, 1999)