RMSSylvania was anocean liner built in 1957 byJohn Brown & Company, inGlasgow, Scotland forCunard. She was the last Cunard vessel built specifically fortransatlantic crossings.^[6] The ship was later heavily rebuilt as a cruise ship, and sailed under the namesSSFairwind,SSSitmar Fairwind,SSDawn Princess andSSAlbatros before being scrapped in 2004. She was renamedSSGenoa for her last voyage.^[1]

Fairwind andFairsea laid up atSouthampton in August 1969
History
Name	1957–1968:Sylvania 1968–1988:Fairwind 1988:Sitmar Fairwind 1988–1993:Dawn Princess 1993–2003:Albatros 2003–2004:Genoa
Owner	1957–1968:Cunard 1968–1988:Sitmar Line 1988–1993:P&O 1993–2003:V-Ships
Operator	1957–1968: Cunard 1968–1970: laid up 1970–1988: Sitmar Line 1988–1993:Princess Cruises 1993–2003:Phoenix Reisen
Port of registry	1957–1968:Liverpool, United Kingdom 1968–1993:Monrovia, Liberia 1993–2003:Nassau, Bahamas
Builder	John Brown & Company,Glasgow, Scotland
Yard number	700[1][2]
Launched	22 November 1956[1]
Acquired	June 1957[1]
Maiden voyage	5 June 1957[1]
In service	5 June 1957[1]
Out of service	December 2003[1]
Identification	IMO number: 5347245[1]
Fate	Scrapped atAlang, India, 2004
General characteristics (as built)[1]
Class and type	Saxonia classocean liner
Tonnage	21,989 GRT 8,500 DWT
Length	185.40 m (608 ft 3 in)
Beam	24.49 m (80 ft 4 in)
Draught	8.90 m (29 ft 2 in)
Installed power	4 × John Brownsteam turbines, combined 18277 kW
Propulsion	Two propellers[3]
Speed	21 kn (39 km/h; 24 mph) service speed[3]
Capacity	878 passengers (154 first class, 724 tourist class)[4]
General characteristics (after 1971 refit)[1]
Type	Cruise ship
Tonnage	24,724 GRT[5]
Decks	11[5]
Capacity	925 passengers[3]
Crew	330[5]

In addition to the more prestigiousTransatlantic service fromSouthampton toNew York,Cunard also operated other services, including one fromLiverpool toMontreal,Canada. On the Canadian run their main competitors wereCanadian Pacific Steamships. In order to strengthen their position on this service, Cunard decided to order a series of four identical liners in 1951.^[3][6]

The new ships reflected the economics and travel patterns of the post-war world—they were not built exclusively as passenger liners, but also included cargo-carrying facilities. Their passenger accommodation were divided into just two classes, first and tourist, with the tourist class occupying the majority of the ship. The outer dimensions of the ships were defined by theSaint Lawrence Seaway, as they had to be able to navigate from theAtlantic Ocean up to Montreal.^[6]

The construction of the new ships, eventually referred to as theSaxonia class after the first ship, was awarded to theJohn Brown & Company shipyard atClydebank inGlasgow, Scotland. The first ship,RMS Saxonia was delivered in 1954, withRMS Ivernia following in 1955,RMS Carinthia in 1956, and finallySylvania in 1957.^[6] As was the tradition for Cunard Line vessels, all ships were named afterLatin names of provinces of theRoman andHoly Roman Empires.

Sylvania was rebuilt once during her service with Cunard Line, in 1965 when she was rebuilt into a more cruise-friendly configuration by the addition ofen suite facilities to many of her cabins.^[1][6] In 1970–1971 the ship – by now namedFairwind – received a more extensive rebuilding for cruise service at Arsenale Triestino San Marco,Trieste,Italy, with her superstructure and funnel radically rebuilt and interiors re-styled to fit the tastes of the North American cruise passengers.^[7]

TheSaxonia-class ships were built to a classicocean liner appearance, with a blackhull, longbow, slightly rounded terraced forwardsuperstructure and a tiered aft superstructure. However, they lacked the traditional outward projecting promenade deck and had an unusualfunnel with a rounded top. Due to their cargo-carrying capabilities, there were four large cranes on both the bow and aft deck.

At some point of her career,Sylvania's hull was re-painted white.^[2]

During the 1970–71 refit the ship's external appearance was radically altered, with the forward superstructure rebuilt to a sleek, streamlined form, the funnel rebuilt to a more modern, slightly conical form with a smoke deflector fin on top, and the cargo cranes eliminated. In keeping with the then-currentSitmar Line livery,Fairwind had a buff funnel with a large V (for Vlasov) painted on it. In addition to the funnel, the topmost decks of her superstructure and her radar mast were painted buff.^[7]

In 1988Sitmar Fairwind received the new Sitmar livery with an entirely white superstructure, a dark blue funnel with Sitmar's new Swan logo, and three wave-like ribands painted on her hull. AlongsideFairstar she was the only ship to receive the short-lived new Sitmar livery.^[8][9]

After moved toPrincess Cruises and renamedDawn Princess, the ship received the all-white Princess livery, with only the top of her funnel painted dark blue, and Princess' wave logo attached to the funnel. In Phoenix Reisen service her funnel was painted turquoise with a black top, with Phoenix's seagull-and-sun logo attached. Additionally a turquoise decorative stripe was painted on her hull.

Sylvania, like her sisters, was originally built with a general arrangement of three cargo holds located both aft and forward of the superstructure, the passenger spaces located between them, with tourist class dominating the passenger spaces. Despite the dominance of the tourist class, her interiors were built to the elegant standards maintained byCunard on their previous ships. Notable public spaces included a cinema with a balcony and even a soda fountain. The ship was also built with full air-conditioning.^[6]

The public spaces were also altered radically in the 1970–71 refit, with three swimming pools added to the rear decks,^[2] and the accommodations brought up to the high standards expected by the North American cruise passengers.^[7] After the refit her facilities included a theatre, five lounges and three restaurants.^[3]

Sylvania started on her maiden voyage fromGreenock to Montreal on 5 June 1957. On 26 June 1957 she joined her sisters on theirnorthern hemisphere summer service fromLiverpool to Montreal via Greenock andQuébec.^[1][6] By the time she entered service the growth of passenger numbers in transatlantic liner service had ceased, while the number of passengers transported by thejet airplane was growing. In 1958 theSaxonia made one crossing from Liverpool toNew York viaCobh andHalifax. In April 1961 she was moved permanently to the Liverpool—New York service, replacingMV Britannic.^[3] At some point during her career with Cunard,Sylvania also served on theRotterdam—Southampton—Le Havre—Québec—Montreal route^[2] and winter crossings between Liverpool and Halifax via Greenock.

When the North Atlantic passenger operation became unprofitable in the early sixties,Sylvania was used on more and more cruises.^[10] In early 1965 she received a refit to make her accommodations more cruise-friendly (though this was not as extensive as the refits given to her sistersSaxonia andIvernia).^[2][6] In November 1966 her transatlantic service was altered back to the Liverpool—Montreal route.^[3]

Between 24 February and 10 May 1967,Sylvania carriedBritish Hovercraft Corporation'sSRN-6 typehovercraft024 on board during her cruises on theMediterranean fromGibraltar. The hovercraft was used to run trips from the ship to various ports along the cruises. The experiment proved unsuccessful and was not repeated.^[2][3] On 15 June 1967, she was on a regular run from Montreal to Southampton when she ran aground on ashoal in the St. Lawrence River roughly 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) fromTrois-Rivières, Quebec. After efforts to free the ship failed, the sailing was cancelled and the roughly 550 passengers aboard were given the option of continuing their journey via air travel or transferring to the passenger linerEmpress of England which had anchored nearby. The passengers were disembarked viatenders and anoil tanker was dispatched to lightenSylvania by removing oil from her fuel tanks.Sylvania was eventually freed on 18 June.Sylvania then returned to Montreal for inspection.^[11][12] Due to heavy losses Cunard withdrewSylvania and her sister shipCarinthia from service in December 1967. They were subsequently laid up in Southampton and put up for sale.^[3]

On 2 February 1968Sylvania andCarinthia were sold to theItaly-based Sitmar Line.^[1][3][8] The sisters were re-registered toLiberia and renamedFairwind andFairland, respectively, with the intention of converting them into immigrant liners for the service from Europe to Australia and New Zealand.^[8] Sitmar had held the immigrant service contract by the Australian government from 1955, but the Australian government was asking for new tenders for the period of 1970 onwards, and Sitmar needed new ships to use for the service. However, despite the purchase ofFairwind andFairland, Sitmar lost the contract toChandris Lines, and as a resultFairwind andFairland were laid up at Southampton.^[13]

Having failed to keep the immigrant subsidiaries, Sitmar decided to convert their recently acquired ships for cruise service instead.Fairwind received a year-long refit between January 1970 and January 1971, after which she joined her sister (completed some two months earlier and renamedFairsea) on the North American cruise market, on which she proved highly popular.^[7] During the northern hemisphere winter season theFairwind made cruises to South America fromFort Lauderdale, while during the summer season she sailed fromSan Francisco on cruises to Canada andAlaska.^[3] In the late 1980s Sitmar decided to change their brand identity with a new external livery and new naming policy. Following an impact with a sandbar during anAmazon cruise in 1988,Fairwind sailed through the Panama Canal en route to Los Angeles. After disembarking the passengers the ship headed for San Francisco where it received repairs to its propeller and a facelift.Fairwind became the first ship to be re-painted and -named, becoming the blue-funnelledSitmar Fairwind in 1988.^[1][8] Her career asSitmar Fairwind proved short, as already on 1 September 1988 Sitmar Cruises was sold toP&O, who decided to close down the Sitmar brand in North America. Just eight days after the acquisition of Sitmar by P&O,Sitmar Fairwind was renamedDawn Princess and transferred to the fleet of Princess Cruises.^[1][7]

AsDawn Princess the ship continued cruises mainly aimed at the North American market. At the time Princess Cruises were investing heavily on new tonnage, and the popularDawn Princess was sold in early 1993 toV-Ships, a subsidiary ofVlasov Group, who had been the owners of Sitmar.^[1][2][7]

Dawn Princess was renamedAlbatros after the sale to V-Ships and she waschartered toPhoenix Reisen, a German cruise operator and travel company, initially for five years from 27 March 1993 onwards. On 18 August 1993Albatros set on her first cruise for Phoenix Reisen from Germany toNorth Cape, Norway.^[1]

On 22 May 1995Albatros suffered an engine room fire while on a cruise on theRed Sea. Her passengers were evacuated inJeddah, Saudi Arabia. After passengers were evacuated, the ship sailed toLivorno, Italy for provisional repairs. She received full repairs atLloyd Werft,Bremerhaven in June, returning to service on 30 June 1995.^[1]

On 16 May 1997Albatros, carrying 800 people, hit Bartholomew's Ledge, St Mary's Sound,Isles of Scilly. The ship returned to St Mary's Road to anchor, escorted by thepilot boat andSt Mary's Lifeboat. After two days, the 504 German passengers were taken from thelisting ship, returning home on land. The ledge had torn a 200 ft (61 m) gash in the hull of the liner, which was manoeuvring out of the archipelago at 6 knots (11 km/h).^[1][14] On 26 June 1997Albatros arrived at A & P Shipyard, Southampton, for repairs and returned to service in July of the same year.^[1]

In November 2003Albatros suffered severe machinery problems, hence Phoenix Reisen decided to terminate her charter contract, while V-Ships concluded that the price of repairing the 46-year-old ship would be too high. As a result, she was sold to the scrapyard atAlang, India in December 2003. The ship was renamedGenoa, and on 1 January 2004 she arrived at Alang, where she was beached and subsequentlybroken up.^[1][7][15] As a replacement vessel,Crown was quickly chartered in January 2004, and given the nameAlbatros.^[1]

• (in German)Das Ruderhaus: T/S "Albatros", Phoenix Reisen – photographs and deck plans from theAlbatros
• Sylvania on Chris' Cunard Page - Accessed 25/07/19