France isdivided into eighteen administrativeregions (French:régions, singularrégion[ʁeʒjɔ̃]), of which thirteen are located inmetropolitan France (in Europe), while the other five areoverseas regions (not to be confused with theoverseas collectivities, which have a semi-autonomous status).^[1]

Regions of France Régions (French)
Also known as: Rannvroioù Bro-C'hall (Breton),Règion francêsa (Arpitan),Region francesa (Occitan),Regió francesa (Catalan)
Hauts-de- France Normandy Île-de- France Grand Est Bourgogne- Franche- Comté Centre- Val de Loire Pays de la Loire Brittany Nouvelle- Aquitaine Auvergne- Rhône-Alpes Occitania Provence- Alpes- Côte d'Azur Corsica French Guiana Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte Réunion Belgium Luxembourg Germany Switzerland Liechtenstein Italy Monaco United Kingdom Andorra Brazil Suriname Spain Channel Bay of Biscay Ligurian Sea Mediterranean Sea
Category	Unitary state
Location	French Republic
Number	18
Possible status	Overseas region (région d'outre-mer) (5)
Additional status	Territorial collectivity (collectivité territoriale)
Populations	279,471 (Mayotte) – 12,997,058 (Île-de-France)
Areas	376 km2 (145 sq mi) (Mayotte) – 84,061 km2 (32,456 sq mi) (Nouvelle-Aquitaine)
Government	Regional Government,National Government
Subdivisions	Department

All of the thirteen metropolitan administrative regions (includingCorsica as of 2019^[update]) are further subdivided into two to thirteen administrativedepartments, with theprefect of each region's administrative centre's department also acting as the regional prefect. The overseas regions administratively consist of only one department each and hence also have the status of overseas departments.

Most administrative regions also have the status of regionalterritorial collectivities, which comes with alocal government, with departmental and communal collectivities below the regional level. The exceptions are Corsica,French Guiana,Mayotte andMartinique, where region and department functions are managed by single local governments having consolidated jurisdiction and which are known assingle territorial collectivities.

The termrégion was officially created by theLaw of Decentralisation (2 March 1982), which also gave regions their legal status. The first direct elections for regional representatives took place on 16 March 1986.^[2]

Between 1982 and 2015, there were 22 regions in Metropolitan France. Before 2011, there were fouroverseas regions (French Guiana,Guadeloupe,Martinique, andRéunion); in 2011Mayotte became the fifth.

In 2014, the French parliament passed a law reducing the number of metropolitan regions from 22 to 13 effective 1 January 2016.^[5]

The law gave interim names for most of the new regions by combining the names of the former regions, e.g. the region composed ofAquitaine,Poitou-Charentes andLimousin was temporarily calledAquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes. However, the combined region of Upper and Lower Normandy was simply called "Normandy" (Normandie). Permanent names were proposed by the new regional councils by 1 July 2016 and new names confirmed by theConseil d'État by 30 September 2016.^[6][7] The legislation defining the new regions also allowed the Centre region to officially change its name to "Centre-Val de Loire" with effect from January 2015.^[8]Two regions,Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes andBourgogne-Franche-Comté, opted to retain their interim names.^[9][10]

• Overview of merger proposals for the metropolitan territory
•  
  Édouard Balladur's proposal
•  
  Manuel Valls's proposal A
•  
  Manuel Valls's proposal B
•  
  PresidentFrançois Hollande's proposal
•  
  Regions as instituted by theNational Assembly in 2014

Given below is a table of former regions and which new region they became part of.

Regions lack separate legislative authority and therefore cannot write their own statutory law. They levy their own taxes and, in return, receive a decreasing^{[clarification needed]} part of their budget from the central government, which gives them a portion of the taxes it levies. They also have considerable budgets managed by aregional council(conseil régional) made up of representatives voted into office in regional elections.

A region's primary responsibility is to build and furnish high schools. In March 2004, the French central government unveiled a controversial plan to transfer regulation of certain categories of non-teaching school staff to the regional authorities. Critics of this plan contended that tax revenue was insufficient to pay for the resulting costs, and that such measures would increase regional inequalities.

In addition, regions have considerable discretionary power over infrastructural spending, e.g., education, public transit, universities and research, and assistance to business owners. This has meant that the heads of wealthy regions such asÎle-de-France orRhône-Alpes can be high-profile positions.

Proposals to give regions limited legislative autonomy have met with considerable resistance; others propose transferring certain powers from the departments to their respective regions, leaving the former with limited authority.

Number of regions controlled by each coalition since1986.

Overseas region (French:Région d'outre-mer) is a recent designation, given to theoverseas departments that have similar powers to those of the regions ofmetropolitan France. As integral parts of theFrench Republic, they are represented in theNational Assembly,Senate andEconomic and Social Council, elect a Member of theEuropean Parliament (MEP) and use theeuro as their currency.

Although these territories have had these political powers since 1982, when France'sdecentralisation policy dictated that they be given electedregional councils along with other regional powers, the designationoverseas regions dates only to the 2003 constitutional change; indeed, the new wording of the constitution aims to give no precedence to either appellationoverseas department oroverseas region, although the second is still virtually unused by French media.

The following have overseas region status:

• in theIndian Ocean (Africa):
  • Mayotte
  • Réunion
• in theAmericas:
  • French Guiana inSouth America
  • Guadeloupe in theAntilles (Caribbean)
  • Martinique in theAntilles (Caribbean)

^Saint Pierre and Miquelon (located just south of Newfoundland, Canada, in North America), once an overseas department, was demoted to aterritorial collectivity in 1985.

• List of current presidents of the regional councils of France and the Corsican Assembly
• Ranked list of French regions
• Administrative divisions of France
• List of French regions and overseas collectivities by GDP
• List of French regions by Human Development Index
• List of regions of France by population
• Flags of the regions of France
• ISO 3166-2:FR

General:

• Decentralisation in France
• Budget of France
• Regional councils of France
• Administrative divisions of France

Overseas

• Overseas France
  • Clipperton Island
  • Overseas collectivity
    • Overseas country (Outre-mer)
  • Overseas department and region
  • Overseas territory
  • Sui generis collectivity

• Guide to the regions of France
• Local websites by region
• Will 2010 regional elections lead to political shake-up? Radio France Internationale in English

Overseas regions

• Ministère de l'Outre-Mer
• some explanations about the past and current developments of DOMs and TOMs (in French)