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  Hurra-yi Khuttali (Persian:حره ختلی;fl. 1006 c. 1006 –c. 1040) was a princess from theGhaznavid dynasty and the daughter ofSabuktigin, ruler ofGhazna (now in Afghanistan). She was married to twoMaʽmunid rulers of theKhwarazm region,Abu al-Hasan Ali and, after his death, his brotherMaʽmun II. It is not known if she had any children with either of her husbands. Her marriages were a direct cause of theannexation of Khwarazm by her brother,Mahmud of Ghazni. In 1030, upon Mahmud's death, she wrote a letter to her favourite nephew,Masʽud, urging him to claim the throne from his brother,Muhammad. After receiving her missive, Masʽud quickly marched to Ghazna and usurped the throne. Hurra's letter is considered the most prominent political act of a woman during the Ghaznavid era. She is last mentioned in 1040, leaving Ghazna for India; her ultimate fate is unknown. (Full article...)
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  Portrait byGodfrey Kneller,c. 1690

  
  William III (William Henry;Dutch:Willem Hendrik; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also known asWilliam of Orange, was the sovereignPrince of Orange from birth,Stadtholder ofHolland,Zeeland,Utrecht,Guelders, andOverijssel in theDutch Republic from 1672, andKing of England,Ireland, andScotland from 1689 until his death in 1702. He ruled Great Britain and Ireland with his wife, QueenMary II, and their joint reign is known as that ofWilliam and Mary.
  
  William was the only child ofWilliam II, Prince of Orange, andMary, Princess Royal, the daughter of KingCharles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland. His father died a week before his birth, making William III the prince of Orange from birth. In 1677, hemarried his first cousin Mary, the elder daughter of his maternal uncleJames, Duke of York, the younger brother and later successor of KingCharles II. (Full article...)
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  Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's relations with the group of composers known as theBelyayev circle, which lasted from 1887 untilTchaikovsky's death in 1893, influenced all of their music and briefly helped shape the next generation of Russian composers. This group was named after timber merchantMitrofan Belyayev, an amateur musician who became an influential music patron and publisher after he had taken an interest inAlexander Glazunov's work. By 1887, Tchaikovsky was firmly established as one of the leading composers in Russia. A favorite ofTsar Alexander III, he was widely regarded as a national treasure. He was in demand as a guest conductor in Russia and Western Europe, and in 1890 visited the United States in the same capacity. By contrast, the fortunes of the nationalistic group of composers known asThe Five, which preceded the Belyayev circle, had waned, and the group had long since dispersed; of its members, onlyNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov remained fully active as a composer. Now a professor of musical composition and orchestration at theSaint Petersburg Conservatory, Rimsky-Korsakov had become a firm believer in the Western-based compositional training that had been once frowned upon by the group.
  
  As a result of the time Tchaikovsky spent with the Belyayev circle's leading composers—Glazunov,Anatoly Lyadov and Rimsky-Korsakov—the somewhat fraught relationship he had previously endured with The Five would eventually meld into something more harmonious. Tchaikovsky's friendship with these men gave him increased confidence in his own abilities as a composer, while his music encouraged Glazunov to broaden his artistic outlook past the nationalist agenda and to compose along more universal themes. This influence grew to the point that Glazunov's Third Symphony became known as the "anti-kuchist" symphony of his oeuvre ("kuchist" refers to "kuchka", the shortened Russian name for The Five) and shared several stylistic fingerprints with Tchaikovsky's later symphonies. Nor was Glazunov the only composer so influenced. Rimsky-Korsakov wrote about the Belyayev composers' "worship of Tchaikovsky and ... tendency toward eclecticism" that became prevalent during this period, along with a predilection toward "Italian-French music of the time of wig andfarthingale" (that is, of the 18th Century) typified in Tchaikovsky's late operasThe Queen of Spades andIolanta. (Full article...)
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  Yao in 2014

  
  Yao Ming (Chinese:姚明; born September 12, 1980) is a Chinesebasketball executive and former professional player. He played for theShanghai Sharks of theChinese Basketball Association (CBA) and theHouston Rockets of theNational Basketball Association (NBA). Yao was selected to start for theWestern Conference in theNBA All-Star Game eight times, and was named to theAll-NBA Team five times. During his final season, he was thetallest active player in the NBA, at 7 feet 6 inches (2.29 m).
  
  Yao, who was born inShanghai, started playing for the Sharks as a teenager, and played on their senior team for five years in the CBA, winning a championship in his final year. After negotiating with the CBA and the Sharks to secure his release, Yao was selected by the Rockets as the first overall pick in the2002 NBA draft. He reached theNBA playoffs four times, and the Rockets won the first-round series in the2009 postseason, their first playoff series victory since 1997. In July 2011, Yao announced his retirement from professional basketball because of a series of foot and ankle injuries which forced him to miss 250 games in his last six seasons. In eight seasons with the Rockets, Yao ranks sixth among franchise leaders in total points and total rebounds, and second in total blocks. (Full article...)
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  Linden with theVancouver Canucks in 2008

  
  Trevor John LindenCM OBC (born April 11, 1970) is a Canadian former professionalice hockey player and former president of hockey operations and alternate governor of theVancouver Canucks. He spent 19 seasons in theNational Hockey League (NHL), playingcentre andright wing with four teams: the Vancouver Canucks (in two tenures; the first and last),New York Islanders,Montreal Canadiens andWashington Capitals. Before joining the NHL in1988, Linden helped theMedicine Hat Tigers of theWestern Hockey League (WHL) win consecutiveMemorial Cup championships. In addition to appearing in twoNHL All-Star Games, Linden was a member of the1998Canadian Olympic team and participated in the1996 World Cup of Hockey.
  
  Throughout his career, Linden was recognized as a respected leader on and off the ice. He was namedcaptain of the Canucks at age 21, making him one of the youngest captains in league history. In that capacity, Linden was nicknamed "Captain Canuck" and led the team to back-to-back Smythe Division titles in 1992 and 1993, followed by a trip to theStanley Cup Finals in 1994, where they lost in seven games. In 1998, he was elected president of theNational Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA), a position he held for eight years. As President, he played an instrumental role in the2004–05 NHL lockout, including negotiations with league owners. Off the ice, Linden has taken an active role in charities, and was awarded theKing Clancy Memorial Trophy for leadership on the ice and humanitarian contributions off the ice in1997, as well as theNHL Foundation Player Award in2008. Linden retired on June 11, 2008, 20 years to the day after he was drafted into the NHL. Linden's jersey number 16 was retired by the Canucks on December 17, 2008, the second number retired by the team. (Full article...)
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  Official portrait, 1992

  
  Barbara Bush (née Pierce; June 8, 1925 – April 17, 2018) wasFirst Lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993, as the wife of the 41st president of the United States,George H. W. Bush. Previously, she had beenSecond Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989, and founded theBarbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy. Among her children areGeorge W. Bush, the 43rd president of the United States, andJeb Bush, the 43rdgovernor of Florida. She andAbigail Adams are the only two women to be the wife of one U.S. president and the mother of another. At the time she became First Lady, she was the second oldest woman to hold the position, behind onlyAnna Harrison, who never lived in the capital. Bush was generally popular as First Lady, recognized for her apolitical grandmotherly image.
  
  Barbara Pierce was born in New York City and grew up inRye, New York. She met George H. W. Bush at the age of sixteen, and the two married in 1945. They moved toTexas in 1948, where George was successful in the oil industry and later began his political career. Bush had six children between 1946 and 1959, and she had to endure the loss of her three-year-old daughterRobin toleukemia in 1953. She lived in Washington, D.C., New York, and China while accompanying her husband in his various political roles in the 1960s and 1970s. She became an active campaigner for her husband whenever he stood for election. Bush became Second Lady after her husband became vice president in 1981. She took on the role of a social hostess as Second Lady, holding frequent events at thevice president's residence, and she traveled to many countries with her husband on his diplomatic missions. (Full article...)
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  Sedin with theVancouver Canucks in March 2012

  
  Daniel Hans Sedin (born 26 September 1980) is a Swedishice hockey executive and formerwinger who played his entire 17-seasonNational Hockey League (NHL) career with theVancouver Canucks from 2000 to 2018. Born and raised inÖrnsköldsvik, Sweden, Sedin and his identical twin brotherHenrik played together throughout their careers; the pair were renowned for their effectiveness as a tandem. During his career, Daniel was known as agoal-scorer (150+ more career NHL goals than Henrik), while Henrik was known as a playmaker (150+ more career NHLassists than Daniel). Sedin tallied 393 goals and 648 assists in 1,306 games played in the NHL, ranking him as theCanucks' second-highest points scorer all time, behind only his brother Henrik.
  
  Sedin began his professional career in theSwedish Hockey League withModo Hockey in 1997 and was co-recipient, with Henrik, of the 1999Guldpucken as Swedish player of the year. He played four seasons with Modo (including a return in 2004–05 due to theNHL lockout), helping the club to two consecutive appearances in theLe Mat Trophy Finals, in 1999 and 2000, where they lost both times. Selected second overall by the Canucks in the1999 NHL Entry Draft, Sedin moved to the NHL in the2000–01 season. He spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver, and in 2016 became the club's all-time top goal scorer. After emerging as a top player in the club during the2005–06 season, Sedin since recorded six consecutive campaigns of at least 20 goals and 70 points. In2011, he won theArt Ross Trophy as the League's leading point-scorer and theTed Lindsay Award as the best player in the League, as voted by fellow players. Sedin was also nominated for theHart Memorial Trophy as the League'smost valuable player. In Sweden, he and Henrik were awarded theVictoria Scholarship as the country's athletes of the year. Alongside his brother, Daniel was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2022. (Full article...)
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  Air Vice Marshal McCauley as AOC Eastern Area, 1953

  
  Air MarshalSir John Patrick Joseph McCauley,KBE,CB (18 March 1899 – 3 February 1989) was a senior commander in theRoyal Australian Air Force (RAAF). He served asChief of the Air Staff from 1954 to 1957. ADuntroon graduate, McCauley spent four years in theAustralian Military Forces before transferring to the RAAF in 1924. He was Director of Training from 1936 to 1938, and commanded engineering and flying training schools for the first eighteen months of World War II. Having been promoted togroup captain in 1940, he was posted to Singapore in June 1941 to take charge of all RAAF units defending the area. He earned praise for his efforts in attacking invading Japanese forces before thefall of Singapore, and for his dedication in evacuating his men. After serving asDeputy Chief of the Air Staff in 1942–1944, he was appointed to a senior operational role with theRoyal Air Force's2nd Tactical Air Force in Europe, where he saw out the rest of the war.
  
  Following the end of hostilities, McCauley again became Deputy Chief of the Air Staff. In 1947 he was promoted toair vice marshal and appointedChief of Staff atBritish Commonwealth Occupation Force Headquarters in Japan. Returning to Australia in June 1949, he served as the lastAir Officer Commanding (AOC)Eastern Area and the inaugural AOC Home Command (nowAir Command). Raised to air marshal, he took up the position of Chief of the Air Staff in January 1954, and wasknighted a year later. During his tenure in the RAAF's senior role, McCauley focused on potential deployments to Southeast Asia—particularlyVietnam—and threats from the north, commencing redevelopment ofRAAF Base Darwin and recommending purchase of a lightsupersonic bomber to replace the Air Force'sEnglish Electric Canberra. After retiring from military life in March 1957, he chaired community and welfare organisations, serving as Federal President of the Air Force Association for ten years. He died inSydney in 1989, aged 89. (Full article...)
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  Æthelwold (/ˈæθəlwoʊld/) orÆthelwald (died 13 December 902) was the younger of two known sons ofÆthelred I, King ofWessex from 865 to 871. Æthelwold and his brotherÆthelhelm were still infants when their father the king died while fighting a Danish Viking invasion. The throne passed to the king's younger brother (Æthelwold's uncle)Alfred the Great, who carried on the war against the Vikings and won a crucial victory at theBattle of Edington in 878.
  
  After Alfred's death in 899, Æthelwold disputed the throne with Alfred's son,Edward the Elder. As seniorætheling (prince of the royal dynasty eligible for kingship), Æthelwold had a strong claim to the throne. He attempted to raise an army to support his claim, but was unable to get sufficient support to meet Edward in battle and fled to Viking-controlledNorthumbria, where he was accepted as king. In 901 or 902 he sailed with a fleet toEssex, where he was also accepted as king. (Full article...)
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  Sanger with her sons Grant and Stuart, circa 1918

  
  Margaret Sanger (/ˈsæŋər/;néeHiggins; September 14, 1879 – September 6, 1966) was an Americanbirth control activist,sex educator, writer, and nurse. She opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, foundedPlanned Parenthood, and was instrumental in the development of the firstbirth control pill. Sanger is regarded as a founder and leader of thebirth control movement.
  
  In the early 1900s,contraceptives, abortion, and even birth control literature were illegal in much of the U.S. Working as a nurse in the slums of New York City, Sanger often treated mothers desperate to avoid conceiving additional children, many of whom had resorted toback-alley abortions. Sanger was afirst-wave feminist and believed that women should be able to decide if and when to have children, leading her to campaign for the legalization of contraceptives. As an adherent of theeugenics movement, she argued that birth control would reduce the number of unfit people and improve the overall health of the human race. She was also influenced byMalthusian concerns about the detrimental effects of overpopulation. (Full article...)
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  Pavle Đurišić (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic:Павле Ђуришић,pronounced[pâːvledʑǔriʃitɕ]; 9 July 1909 – 21 April 1945) was aMontenegrin Serb regular officer of theRoyal Yugoslav Army who became aChetnik commander (vojvoda) and led a significant proportion of the Chetniks inMontenegro during World War II. He distinguished himself and became one of the main commanders during thepopular uprising against the Italians in Montenegro in July 1941, but later collaborated with the Italians in actions against theCommunist-ledYugoslav Partisans. In 1943, his troops carried out several massacres against theMuslim population ofBosnia,Herzegovina, and theSandžak in which an estimated 10,000 people were killed between January and March, including thousands of women, children, and the elderly. He then led his troops during their participation in the anti-PartisanCase White offensive alongside Italian forces. Đurišić was captured by theGermans in May 1943, escaped, and was recaptured.
  
  After thecapitulation of Italy, the Germans released Đurišić and he begancollaborating with them and theSerbian puppet government. In 1944, he created theMontenegrin Volunteer Corps with assistance from the Germans, the leader of the Serbian puppet government,Milan Nedić, and the leader of thefascistYugoslav National Movement,Dimitrije Ljotić. In late 1944, the German commander in Montenegro decorated him with theIron Cross 2nd Class. Đurišić was killed following theBattle of Lijevče Field, after being captured by elements of theArmed Forces of the Independent State of Croatia nearBanja Luka in an apparent trap set by them and Montenegrin separatistSekula Drljević. Some of Đurišić's troops were killed either in this battle or in later attacks by the Partisans as they then continued their withdrawal west. Others attempted to withdraw to Austria; they were forced to surrender to the Partisans and were killed in theKočevski Rog area of southern Slovenia in May and June 1945. Đurišić was a very able Chetnik leader; his fighting skills were respected by his allies and opponents alike. (Full article...)
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  Portrait from studio ofGodfrey Kneller, 1714

  
  George I (George Louis;German:Georg Ludwig; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) wasKing of Great Britain andIreland from 1 August 1714 and ruler of theElectorate of Hanover within theHoly Roman Empire from 23 January 1698 until his death in 1727. He was the firstBritish monarch of theHouse of Hanover.
  
  Born inHanover toErnest Augustus andSophia of Hanover, George inherited the titles and lands of theDuchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg from his father and uncles. In 1682, he married his cousinSophia Dorothea of Celle, with whom he had two children; he also had three daughters with his mistressMelusine von der Schulenburg. George and Sophia Dorothea divorced in 1694. A succession of European wars expanded George's German domains during his lifetime; he was ratified asprince-elector of Hanover in 1708. (Full article...)
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  John FitzWalter, 2nd Baron FitzWalter (Fitzwalter orFitz Wauter;c. 1315 – 18 October 1361) was an English baron and gang leader in the 14th-century. He was a prominentEssex landowner best known for his criminal activities, particularly aroundColchester. His family was of a noble and ancient lineage, with connections to the powerfulde Clare family, who had arrived in England at the time of theNorman Conquest. The FitzWalters held estates across Essex, as well as properties in London andNorfolk. John FitzWalter played a prominent role during the early years ofKing Edward III'swars in France, and at some point, FitzWalter was married to Eleanor Percy, the daughter ofHenry, Lord Percy.
  
  FitzWalter built a strongaffinity around him, mainly from among leading members of the county'sgentry, but also including men from elsewhere, such as a Norfolkparson. At their head, FitzWalter waged an armed campaign against the neighbouring town of Colchester, almost from the moment he reached adulthood. The townsmen seem to have exacerbated the dispute by illegally entering FitzWalter's park inLexden; in return, FitzWalter banned them from one of their ownwatermills and then, in 1342, hebesieged the town, preventing anyone entering or leaving for some weeks, as well as ransacking much property and destroying the market. One historian has described him, in his activities, as the medieval equivalent of a 20th-century Americanracketeer. Other victims of his Essex gang were localjurors, royal officials, a man forced toabjure the realm, and theprior ofLittle Dunmow Abbey. (Full article...)
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  Brigadier Henry Wells c. 1945

  
  Lieutenant GeneralSir Henry Wells,KBE, CB, DSO (22 March 1898 – 20 October 1973) was a senior officer in theAustralian Army. Serving asChief of the General Staff from 1954 to 1958, Wells' career culminated with his appointment as the firstChairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, a position marking him as the professional head of the Australian Military. He served in this capacity from March 1958 until March 1959, when he retired from the army.
  
  Born inVictoria, Wells began his career in the Australian Army in 1916 when he entered theRoyal Military College, Duntroon. Graduating as a lieutenant three years later, he served in a variety of staff and instructional positions before the outbreak of theSecond World War. Initially posted to the7th Division as a staff officer in 1940, Wells was promoted to lieutenant colonel and made senior liaison officer toI Corps. Serving inGreece andNorth Africa, he was awarded theDistinguished Service Order for his leadership atEl Alamein. Transferred to theSouth West Pacific theatre in 1943 as a brigadier, he served in theNew Guinea Campaign with the headquarters ofII Corps and later in theBorneo campaign with I Corps. (Full article...)
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  Mellitus (/məˈlaɪtəs/; died 24 April 624) was the firstbishop of London in the Saxon period, the thirdarchbishop of Canterbury, and a member of theGregorian mission sent to England toconvert theAnglo-Saxons fromtheir native paganism to Christianity. He arrived in 601 AD with a group of clergy sent to augment the mission, and was consecrated as Bishop of London in 604. Mellitus was the recipient of a famous letter fromPope Gregory I known as theEpistola ad Mellitum, preserved in a later work by the medieval chroniclerBede, which suggested theconversion of the Anglo-Saxons be undertaken gradually, integrating pagan rituals and customs. In 610, Mellitus returned to Italy to attend a council of bishops, and returned to England bearing papal letters to some of the missionaries.
  
  Mellitus was exiled from London by the pagan successors to his patron, KingSæberht of Essex, following the latter's death around 616. KingÆthelberht of Kent, Mellitus' other patron, died at about the same time, forcing him to take refuge inGaul. Mellitus returned to England the following year, after Æthelberht's successor had been converted to Christianity, but he was unable to return to London, whose inhabitants remained pagan. Mellitus was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 619. During his tenure, he was alleged to have miraculously saved the cathedral, and much of the town of Canterbury, from a fire. After his death in 624, Mellitus was revered as a saint. (Full article...)

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  Image 1James Boswell wrote what many consider to be the first modern biography,The Life of Samuel Johnson, in 1791. (fromBiography)
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  Image 2Cover of the first English edition ofBenjamin Franklin's autobiography, 1793 (fromAutobiography)
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  Image 3A scene from theBaburnama (fromAutobiography)
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  Image 4Eminent Victorians set the standard for 20th century biographical writing, when it was published in 1918. (fromBiography)
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  Image 5Einhard as scribe (fromBiography)
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  Image 6Saint Augustine of Hippo wroteConfessions, the first Western autobiography ever written, around 400. Portrait byPhilippe de Champaigne, 17th century. (fromAutobiography)
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  Image 7Third volume of a 1727 edition ofPlutarch'sLives of the Noble Greeks and Romans printed byJacob Tonson (fromBiography)
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  Image 8John Foxe'sThe Book of Martyrs, was one of the earliest English-language biographies. (fromBiography)

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  Alice Manfield

  Photo: Unknown; Restoration:John O'Neill

  Alice Manfield (1878–1960), commonly known asGuide Alice, was amountain guide, amateurnaturalist,chalet owner,photographer, and earlyfeminist figure fromVictoria, Australia. Her pioneering work at Mount Buffalo from the 1890s to the 1930s led to her becoming atourist attraction in her own right, and helped lead to the establishment of theMount Buffalo National Park. Manfield's parents ran a hotel at Mount Buffalo, and she led tours up the mountain from her youth. Because of her enthusiasm and extensive knowledge of the area, she quickly became a highly sought-after guide. She continued guiding tourists until the 1930s.

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  Salman Khurshid

  Photo:Muhammad Mahdi Karim

  Salman Khurshid is an Indian politician from theIndian National Congress. He serves as the Cabinet Minister of theMinistry of External Affairs. Previously Khurshid served asMinister of Law and Justice.

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  Moshe Ya'alon

  Photograph: Reuven Kapuscinski

  Moshe Ya'alon (b. 1950) is anIsraeli politician and currentDefense Minister. Ya'alon was called up as a reserve during theYom Kippur War in 1973. After the war, he rejoined the army as an officer and rose through the ranks, leading theSayeret Matkal commando unit, the Paratroopers Brigade, andMilitary Intelligence. In 2002 he was appointedChief of Staff of theIsrael Defense Forces, resigning in 2005. Since 2013 he has served as the country's Defense Minister.

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  Rory Kennedy

  Photograph credit: Lyndie Benson

  Rory Kennedy (born December 12, 1968) is an American documentary filmmaker and the youngest child of U.S. senatorRobert Kennedy andEthel Skakel. Born six months after theassassination of her father, her life has seen many tragedies. As a director and producer, she has made documentary films that center on social issues such as addiction, nuclear radiation, the treatment of prisoners of war, and the politics of the Mexican border fence. Her films have been featured on many TV networks, and her 2014 documentaryLast Days in Vietnam was nominated for anAcademy Award.

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  Theodore Roosevelt andJohn Muir

  Photo credit: Underwood and Underwood

  U.S. PresidentTheodore Roosevelt (left) and nature preservationistJohn Muir, founder of theSierra Club, stand together onGlacier Point inYosemite National Park. In the background can be seen Upper and LowerYosemite Falls. During this trip in 1903, Muir convinced Roosevelt to addYosemite Valley andMariposa Grove to the park, which had been established in 1890.

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  Edgar Allan Poe

  Daguerreotype credit: W.S. Hartshorn

  Adaguerreotype ofEdgar Allan Poe taken in 1848, less than a year before his death. Best known for his tales of themacabre andmystery, Poe was one of the early American practitioners of theshort story and a progenitor ofdetective fiction andcrime fiction. He is also credited with contributing to the emergentscience fiction genre. Acopyright statement is inscribed on this image because it is a photograph of the original daguerreotype.

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  Robert William Thomson

  Image credit:Illustrated London News

  Theobituary ofRobert William Thomson as it appeared in theIllustrated London News on 29 March 1873. Thomson was theinventor of thepneumatic tyre, the elliptic rotary steam engine and locomotive traction engine, the portable steam crane, and numerous other inventions. The obituary preceding his is forEvelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington.

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  Buffalo Bill

  Photo credit: Moffett

  William Cody, better known asBuffalo Bill, was one of the most colorful figures of theAmerican Old West, and mostly famous for the shows he organized withcowboy themes. He got his nickname for supplyingKansas Pacific Railroad workers with bison meat, having won the name from Bill Comstock in a bison killing contest. In addition to his documented service as a soldier during theCivil War and as Chief of Scouts for the Third Cavalry during thePlains Wars, Cody claimed to have worked many jobs, including as atrapper, bullwhacker, "Fifty-Niner" inColorado, aPony Express rider in 1860, wagonmaster,stagecoach driver, and even ahotel manager, but it's unclear which claims were factual and which were fabricated for purposes of publicity.

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  Frederick Douglass

  Photo credit: George K. Warren

  Americanabolitionist,editor,orator,author,statesman andreformerFrederick Douglass, shown here in 1879. Born aslave, Douglass was one of the most prominent figures inAfrican American history and a formidable public presence. He was a firm believer in theequality of all people, whetherblack,female,American Indian, or recentimmigrant. He was fond of saying, "I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong."
  
  February isBlack History Month in theUnited States andCanada.

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  Sitting Bull

  Photo credit: D.F. Barry

  Sitting Bull was aHunkpapaLakota chief andholy man. He is notable inAmerican andNative Americanhistory in large part for his major victory at theBattle of the Little Bighorn againstCuster's7th Cavalry, where hispremonition of defeating them became reality. Even today, his name is synonymous with Native American culture, and he is considered to be one of the most famous Native Americans in history. Years later, he also participated inBuffalo Bill's Wild West show, where he frequently cursed audiences in his native tongue as they applauded him.

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  Hendrik van de Sande Bakhuyzen

  Painting credit:Hendrik van de Sande Bakhuyzen

  Hendrik van de Sande Bakhuyzen (1795–1860) was a 19th-century Dutchlandscape painter and art teacher. He was a prominent contributor to theRomantic period in Dutch art, and his students and children founded the art movement known as theHague School. He is known for his pastoral scenes (especially paintings of livestock) with detailed landscapes, notably inspired byGolden Age artistPaulus Potter and continuing theRealist tradition of that era. This oil-on-panel self-portrait by Van de Sande Bakhuyzen dates from 1850, and is in the collection of theRijksmuseum inAmsterdam.

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  R. J. Palacio

  Photograph credit:Rhododendrites

  R. J. Palacio (born July 13, 1963) is an American author andgraphic designer. During her career, she has designed hundreds of book covers, including for both fiction and non-fiction works. She is also the author of several novels for children, including the best-sellingWonder, which has won several awards. Palacio is seen here signing a book at the 2019BookCon convention in New York City.

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  Peter Oliver (painter)

  Portrait:Peter Oliver

  An 8.8-centimetre (3.5 in) tall self-portrait of the English miniaturistPeter Oliver (1594–1648). He often worked withwatercolours.

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  Enoch Powell

  Photograph:Allan Warren

  Enoch Powell (1912–98), a professor ofAncient Greek by age 25 andbrigadier duringWorld War II, took up politics in the late 1940s and in the 1960s was selected for several cabinet positions. In 1968, he gave the"Rivers of Blood" speech about the dangers ofimmigration to the United Kingdom and of proposedanti-discrimination legislation.

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  Walt Whitman

  Photograph:George C. Cox; restoration:Adam Cuerden

  Walt Whitman (1819–1892) was an American poet, essayist and journalist. Ahumanist, he was a part of the transition betweentranscendentalism andrealism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father offree verse. His work was very controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collectionLeaves of Grass (first published in 1855, but continuously revised until Whitman's death), which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality.

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Births

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"Just how difficult it is to write a biography can be reckoned by anybody who sits down and considers just how many people know the truth about his or her love affairs."

—Rebecca West

InVogue, 1 November 1952

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