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Ziff Davis

(Redirected fromPopular Aviation)

Ziff Davis, Inc. is an Americandigital media andinternet company. Founded in 1927 byWilliam Bernard Ziff Sr. andBernard George Davis, the company primarily owns technology- and health-oriented media websites,online shopping-related services,internet connectivity services, gaming and entertainment brands, and cybersecurity and martech (marketing technology) tools.[2][3][4] Previously, the company was predominantly a publisher of hobbyist magazines.

Ziff Davis, Inc.
FormerlyJ2 Global, Inc.
Company typePublic
IndustryDigital media andinternet
PredecessorJ2 Global, Inc.
FoundedAugust 1927; 97 years ago (1927-08) inChicago, Illinois, U.S.
Founders
Headquarters,
U.S.
Key people
ProductsMultimedia, software, video games, data licensing
RevenueIncreaseUS$1.4 billion (2024)
IncreaseUS$63 million (2024)
Total assetsIncreaseUS$3.7 billion (2024)
Total equityDecreaseUS$1.8 billion (2024)
Number of employees
3,800 (2024)
Websiteziffdavis.com
Footnotes / references
[1]

History

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Logo until 2021

The company was founded by William B. Ziff Company publisher Bill Ziff Sr. with Bernard Davis. Upon Bill Ziff's death in 1953,[5]William B. Ziff Jr., his son, returned from Germany to lead the company. In 1958, Bernard Davis sold Ziff Jr. his share of Ziff Davis to found Davis Publications, Inc.;[6] Ziff Davis continued to use the Davis surname as Ziff-Davis.[7]

Throughout most of Ziff Davis' history, it was a publisher of hobbyist magazines, often ones devoted to expensive, advertiser-rich technical hobbies such as cars, photography, and electronics. Since 1980, Ziff Davis has primarily published computer-related magazines and related websites, establishing Ziff Davis as an Internet information company.

In October 1994, Ziff Davis announced its sale to investment firmForstmann Little & Company for $1.4 billion. A smallFoster City-based television operation named "ZD-TV" was listed as a company asset.[8]

On July 21, 1999, the company began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the stock ticker "ZDZ".[9]

Ziff Davis had several broadcasting properties, first during the mid-1970s, and later with its own technology networkZDTV, later renamed toTechTV, that was sold toVulcan Ventures in 2001. Ziff Davis' magazine publishing and Internet operations offices are based inNew York City,Massachusetts, andSan Francisco.

On January 6, 2009, the company sold1UP.com toHearst'sUGO Entertainment and announced the January 2009 issue of the long-runningElectronic Gaming Monthly magazine would be its last.[10]

FormerTime Inc. executiveVivek R. Shah, with financial backing from Bostonprivate equity company Great Hill Partners, announced on June 4, 2010, the acquisition of Ziff Davis Inc. as the "first step in building a new digital media company that specializes in producing and distributing content for consumers making important buying decisions."[11]

On November 12, 2012, Ziff Davis Inc., was acquired bycloud computing services companyJ2 Global for $167 million cash.[12] According to an October 2015Fortune article, Ziff Davis comprised 30% of parent company J2 Global's $600 million annual revenue in 2014 and was increasing 15% to 20% each year. Analyst Gregory Burns of Sidoti & Company calculated that Ziff Davis is worth $1.9 billion.[13]

In April 2021, J2 Global announced that it would spin off its cloud services business as Consensus; the transaction was approved by its shareholders in September 2021, with J2 Global consisting primarily of its media business andVPN services,[14] and subsequently taking on the Ziff Davis, Inc. name and "ZD"ticker symbol, essentially converting the Ziff Davis purchase into areverse merger.[15][16]

Popular Aviation

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An early (June 1928) issue ofPopular Aviation; the first magazine published by Ziff Davis. Artwork by Stewart Rouse. Ziff-Davis titles featured painted covers throughout the following decade.

TheWilliam B. Ziff Company, founded in 1920, was a successful Chicagoadvertising agency that secured advertising from national companies such asProcter & Gamble for virtually allAfrican American weekly newspapers. In 1923, Ziff acquired E. C. Auld Company, a Chicago publishing house. Ziff's first venture in magazine publishing wasZiff's Magazine, which featured short stories, one-act plays, humorous verse, and jokes. The title was changed toAmerica's Humor in April 1926.[17][18]

Bernard George Davis was the student editor of theUniversity of Pittsburgh's humor magazine, thePitt Panther, and was active in the Association of College Comics of the East. During his senior year he attended the association's convention and met William B. Ziff. When Davis graduated in 1927 he joined Ziff as the editor ofAmerica's Humor.[19][20]

Ziff, who had been an aviator inWorld War I, createdPopular Aviation in August 1927 that was published byPopular Aviation Publishing Company of Chicago, Illinois. Under editor Harley W. Mitchell it became the largest aviation magazine, with a circulation of 100,000 in 1929.[21] The magazine's title becameAeronautics in June 1929 and the publishing company's name becameAeronautical Publications, Inc. The title was changed back toPopular Aviation in July 1930. The magazine becameFlying in 1942 and is still published today by theBonnier Corporation. The magazine celebrated its 90th anniversary in 2017.

The company histories normally give the founding date as 1927. This is when B.G. Davis joined andPopular Aviation magazine started. However, it was not until 1936 that the company became the "Ziff-Davis Publishing Company". (Popular Aviation, April 1936, was the first issue by Ziff-Davis Publishing.) Davis was given a substantial minority equity interest in the company and was appointed a vice-president and director. He was later named president in 1946. Davis was a photography enthusiast and the editor of thePopular Photography magazine started in May 1937.[20]

Fiction, hobbyist and bridal magazines

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In early 1938, Ziff-Davis acquired the magazinesRadio News andAmazing Stories.[22] These were started byHugo Gernsback but sold as a result of theExperimenter Publishing bankruptcy in 1929. Both magazines had declined since the bankruptcy but the resources of Ziff-Davis rejuvenated them starting with the April 1938 issues.Radio News was published until 1972. The magazinePopular Electronics, derived fromRadio News, was begun in 1955 and published until 1985.Amazing Stories was a leadingscience fiction magazine and Ziff Davis soon added a new companion,Fantastic Adventures (FA). In 1954FA was merged into the newer magazineFantastic, founded in 1952 to great initial success. ZD published a number of otherpulp magazines and, later,digest-sized fiction magazines during the 1940s and 1950s, and continued to publishAmazing andFantastic until 1965.

Ziff-Davis publishedcomic books during the early 1950s, operating by their own name and also the nameApproved Comics. Eschewingsuperheroes, they publishedhorror,crime, sports,romance, andWestern comics, though most titles did not last more than a few issues.Superman co-creatorJerry Siegel was the art director of the comics line; other notable creators who worked for Ziff-Davis Comics includedJohn Buscema,Sid Greene,Bob Haney,Sam Kweskin,Rudy Lapick,Richard Lazarus,Mort Leav,Paul S. Newman,George Roussos,Mike Sekowsky,Ernie Schroeder, andOgden Whitney. In 1953, the company mostly abandoned comics, selling its most popular titles—the romance comicsCinderella Love andRomantic Love, the WesternKid Cowboy, and the jungle adventureWild Boy of the Congo—toSt. John Publications. Ziff-Davis continued to publish one title,G.I. Joe, until 1957, a total of 51 issues.

From 1958, under the direction of sole owner Bill Ziff Jr., apolymath with aphotographic memory, Ziff-Davis became a successful publisher of enthusiast magazines, purchasing titles likeCar and Driver, and tailoring content for enthusiasts as well as purchasing agents ("brand specifiers"); the company was able to attract advertising money that other, general-interest publications were losing.[5]

In 1958, Ziff-Davis began publishing a magazine,HiFi and Music Review, for the growing hobby ofhigh fidelity equipment. Ultimately, the magazine evolved intoStereo Review. ZD also became a prolific publisher of photography and boating magazines during this period, and such magazines asModern Bride; after the sale ofFantastic andAmazing in 1965, their editorCele Goldsmith Lalli began working on the bridal magazines, becoming a notable and influential editor in that field before retirement.

During the 1970s and 1980s, the company's success increased with this strategy, and a rapidly expanding interest in electronics and computing. With titles such asPC Magazine,Popular Electronics, andComputer Shopper, Ziff Davis became the leading technology magazine business.

Ziff Davis sold the majority of its consumer magazines toCBS and its trade magazines toNews Corporation in 1984, keeping its computer magazines.[23][24]

Television stations

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In 1979, Ziff Davis expanded into broadcasting, after an acquisition of television stations originally owned by greeting card companyRust Craft. Ziff Davis's stations includedNBC affiliatesWROC-TV inRochester, New York andWRCB-TV inChattanooga, Tennessee,CBS affiliatesWEYI-TV inSaginaw, Michigan,WRDW-TV inAugusta, Georgia andWSTV-TV inSteubenville, Ohio (which changed its name to WTOV-TV and its network affiliation to NBC after Ziff Davis assumed control of the station), andABC affiliateWJKS-TV inJacksonville, Florida (which would also switch to NBC soon after its acquisition was finalized). These stations would be sold to other owners by the mid-1980s—most of these would become owned by a new ownership group, "Television Station Partners", the exceptions being WRCB (which would be sold toSarkes Tarzian) and WJKS (which was acquired byMedia General).

City of license /MarketStationChannelYears ownedCurrent status
Jacksonville, FLWJKS-TV171979–1982The CW affiliateWCWJ, owned byGraham Media Group
Augusta, GAWRDW-TV121979–1983CBS affiliate owned byGray Television
Saginaw–Flint, MIWEYI-TV251979–1983NBC affiliate owned byHoward Stirk Holdings[a]
Rochester, NYWROC-TV81979–1983CBS affiliate owned byNexstar Media Group
Steubenville, OH–Wheeling, WVWTOV-TV91979–1983NBC affiliate owned bySinclair Broadcast Group
Chattanooga, TNWRCB-TV31979–1982NBC affiliate owned bySarkes Tarzian, Inc.

Technology magazines and web properties

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Ziff Davis first started technology-themed publications during 1954, withPopular Electronics and, more briefly,Electronics World. This resulted more or less directly in its interest in home-computer magazines. From that time, Ziff Davis became a major publisher of computer and Internet-related publishing. It acquiredPC Magazine in 1982,[25] and thetrade journalMacWEEK in 1988. In 1991, the company initiated ZiffNet, a subscription service that offered computing information to users ofCompuServe. This grew into the news websiteZDNet, launched in late 1994. In 1995 it initiated the magazineYahoo! Internet Life, initially asZD Internet Life. The magazine was meant to accompany and complement the siteYahoo!.[26]

OwnerWilliam Bernard Ziff Jr. had wanted to give the business to his sons—Daniel, Dirk and Robert—but they did not want the responsibility. In 1994, he announced the sale of the publishing group toForstmann Little & Company for US$1.4 billion.[27] It was then sold toSoftBank a year later.[7]

In 1998, Ziff Davis started the ZDTV channel, a technology-themedtelevision network.

From 1999 through 2000, as part of an effort to restructure Ziff-Davis Inc,SoftBank would sell ZDTV toPaul Allen'sVulcan Inc. which would later be renamed toTechTV, and spin off ZD and ZDNet.[28] It also sold its magazine division to Willis Stein & Partners L.P. for $780 million.[29] In July 2000, CNET Networks agreed to acquire Ziff-Davis Inc. for $1.6 billion in stock.[30] The combined company was considered the eighth-largest internet company.[29]

Since 2004, Ziff Davis has annually hosted atrade show in New York City known as DigitalLife.[31] DigitalLife showcases the newest technology in consumer electronics, gaming and entertainment. UnlikeE3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo) or theWorldwide Developers Conference, DigitalLife is open to the public.

In November 2006, Ziff Davis announced the cancellation ofOfficial PlayStation Magazine. They cited a lack of interest in the magazine (and its demo disk) due to digital distribution.OPM had begun in 1997.[32]

Ziff Davis Media Inc.

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In 2001, the new companyZiff Davis Media Inc., a partnership ofWillis Stein & Partners and James Dunning (former Ziff Davis CEO, chairman, and president), made an agreement withCNET Networks Inc. and ZDNet to acquire the URLs of Ziff Davis.[33] Ziff Davis Media Inc. gained thereby the online content licensing rights to 11 publications, includingPC Magazine,CIO Insight, andeWEEK, webpage of industry insider Spencer Katt.[34][35]

In July 2007, Ziff Davis Media announced the sale of its enterprise (B2B or business-to-business) division toInsight Venture Partners.[36][37] The sale included all B2B publications, which includeeWeek, Baseline, and CIOinsight, and all related online properties. The enterprise division is now an independent company namedZiff Davis Enterprise Group (ZDE).

On March 5, 2008, Ziff Davis Media Inc. announced it had filed forChapter 11 bankruptcy protection in order to restructure its debt and operations.[38][39] and emerged, after a court supervisedcorporate restructuring in July 2009.[40] In conjunction with this announcement they also stated that they are discontinuing their print copy of PC Magazine. According toBtoBonline, Ziff Davis Media made an agreement with an ad hoc group of noteholders, who will provide $24.5 million to fund the company's operations and help plan the restructuring.[41]

Acquisition by Great Hill Partners

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In June 2010, Boston private equity firm, Great Hill Partners, purchased Ziff Davis, with online media executive Vivek Shah. At the time, Ziff Davis properties consisted of PCMag.com, ExtremeTech, GearLog, GoodCleanTech, DLtv, AppScout, CrankyGeeks, Smart Device Central and TechSaver.com, and reached over 7 million users a month.[42]

Shah, with intentions of revitalizing the business, serial purchased logicbuy.com,[43] geek.com,[44] computershopper.com,[45] toolbox.com,[46] and Focus Research. Focus Research was a major provider of online research to enterprise buyers and high-quality leads to IT vendors, operating ITManagement.com, ITSecurity.com, VOIP-News.com and InsideCRM.com.[47] It was later renamed to Ziff Davis B2B Focus and operated as a stand-alone unit within Ziff Davis.

Sale to J2 Global

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On November 16, 2012, Great Hill sold the company to J2 Global, a provider of cloud services. The purchase price was $175 million, approximately 2.9 times the estimated 2013 revenue.[48] J2 Global actually paid $167 million in an all-cash deal.[49]

On February 4, 2013, Ziff Davis acquiredIGN Entertainment fromNews Corporation.[50] Soon afterward, Ziff Davis announced the discontinuation of the1UP.com,UGO.com, andGameSpy.com sites in order to "[focus] on our two flagship brands, IGN and AskMen".[51]

In 2013, Ziff Davis acquired NetShelter, a display advertising network oriented towards consumer electronics and technology publishers, from ImPowered.[52] Also in 2013, Ziff Davis acquired TechBargains.com, a deal aggregation site for consumer electronics.[53]

In 2014, Ziff Davis acquired eMedia Communications fromReed Business Information.[54] In December 2014, Ziff Davis acquired Ookla, owner ofSpeedtest.net.[55]

In 2015, Ziff Davis acquiredOffers.com[56] an online source of offers, deals, coupons, coupon codes, promos, free trials, and more.

In October 2016, Ziff Davis entered into an agreement to acquireEveryday Health.[57] The deal was completed in December of that year.[58]

In 2017, Ziff Davis acquiredMashable, an American entertainment, culture, tech, science and social good digital media platform, for $50 million.[59] Following its acquisition of Mashable, Ziff Davis announced that it would implement longer, more in-depth content to boost the site's search traffic and restructure the platform to reduce costs.[60]

In 2018, Ziff Davis had 117 million readers, reaching 115 countries with 60 international editions.[61] Most of Ziff Davis' international editions are partnerships with local publishers, all of whom use a domestic content management system. The common CMS lets oversea editions get content from Ziff Davis' owned-and-operated markets and re-purpose it for their own editions. To establish itself in foreign markets, Ziff Davis asks its local partner to hold events. Popular past events includeIGN Convention Bahrain, Abu Dhabi, and Qatar.[62]

In November 2018, employees from Mashable, PCMag, AskMen, and Geek.com formed a union with the NewsGuild of New York.[63] The Ziff Davis Creators Guild finalized its first contract in June 2021.[64]

In 2019, Ziff Davis acquiredSpiceworks, a professional network for the information technology industry.[65]

In 2020, Ziff Davis acquiredRetailMeNot for $420 million, an aggregator of coupon offers across multiple website properties.[66]

Rebrand as Ziff Davis, Inc.

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In April 2021, J2 Global announced plans to spin off its cloud fax business as a separate company known as Consensus.[67][68] Following the split, J2 rebranded as Ziff Davis, Inc.[69]

In 2023, Ziff Davis acquiredLifehacker for an undisclosed sum fromG/O Media.[70][71]

On February 6, 2024, employees at IGN publicly announced their intention to unionize as the IGN Creators Guild withNewsGuild-CWA.[72] Ziff Davis voluntarily recognized the union later that month.[73]

On May 21, 2024, it was reported thatIGN Entertainment had acquired theGamer Network fromReedPop. GamesIndustry.biz,Eurogamer,Rock Paper Shotgun,VG247 and Dicebreaker were included in the deal. It also gained shares inOutsideXbox, Digital Foundry, and Hookshot (owners of NintendoLife, PushSquare, PureXbox, and Time Extension).[74]

In August 2024, Ziff Davis acquiredCNET fromRed Ventures for $100 million; it also regained ownership ofZDNet for the first time since its acquisition byCNET Networks in 2000.[75][76]

On February 20, 2025404 Media reported that Ziff Davis had quietly removedDiversity, equity, and inclusion language and information from its website over several weeks prior to the publishing of the report.[77]

In March 2025, Ziff Davis acquiredThe Skimm.[78]

Properties

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Current

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Sold

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Discontinued

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References

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  1. ^"2024 Annual Report (Form 10-K)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 25, 2025. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2025.
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