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ThePetrocorii were aGallic tribe dwelling in the present-dayPérigord region, between theDordogne andVézère rivers, during theIron Age and theRoman period.
They are named asPetrocorii byCaesar (mid-1st c. BC),[1]Petrokórioi (Πετροκόριοι) byStrabo (early 1st c. AD) andPtolemy (2nd c. AD),[2]Petrocori byPliny (mid-1st c. AD),[3] and asPetrogorii bySidonius Apollinaris (5th c. AD).[4][5]
TheGaulishethnonymPetrocorii means 'four armies', or 'four troops'. It derives from the Gaulish stempetru- ('four') attached tocorios ('army'), after a Gallic custom of including numbers in tribal names (e.g.Vo-contii,Vo-corii,Tri-corii,Suess-iones).[6][7] Their name may indicate a relatively recent formation emerging from the union of fragmented small ethnic groups.[8]
The wordcorios derives fromProto-Celtic*koryos ('troop, tribe'; cf.Middle Welshcordd 'tribe, clan';Mid. Ir.cuire), itself fromProto-Indo-European *kóryos, meaning 'army, people under arms'. The root is also found in other Gaulish tribal names such as theTri-corii or theCorio-solites.[9] The stempetru- stems from Proto-Celtic*kʷetwór- ('four'; cf.OIr.cetheoir,OW. andOBret.petguar).[10]
The city ofPérigueux, attested ca. 400 AD ascivitas Petrocoriorum ('civitas of the Petrocorii';Petrecors in the 8th c.,Periguhès in 1466), and thePérigord region, attested in the 7th c. AD aspagum Petrocorecum ('pagus of the Petrocorii';Petragoricus in 781,Peiregore in the 12th c.), are named after the Gallic tribe.[11]
The Petrocorii lived in the present-dayPérigord region, between theDordogne andVézère rivers.[12][13] Their territory was located south of theLemovices andSantones, east of theBituriges Vivisci, west of theArverni, and north of the Nitiobroges and Cadurci.[14][13]
During the Roman period, their chief town wasVesunna, corresponding to the modern town ofPérigueux.[5]
In 52 BC, they supplied around 5,000 warriors toVercingetorix, to aid him to fight the Roman legions ofJulius Caesar.Strabo mentions their excellence working withiron.[12]
