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 Parnell Square looking towardsAbbey Presbyterian Church from theGarden of Remembrance | |
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| Native name | Cearnóg Parnell (Irish) |
|---|---|
| Former name | Rutland Square |
| Namesake | Charles Stewart Parnell |
| Area | 4.4 hectares (11 acres) |
| Location | Dublin,Ireland |
| Postal code | D01 |
| Coordinates | 53°21′11″N6°15′48″W / 53.353165°N 6.263286°W /53.353165; -6.263286 |
| Other | |
| Known for | Hugh Lane Gallery |
Parnell Square (Irish:Cearnóg Parnell) is aGeorgiansquare sited at the northern end ofO'Connell Street in the city ofDublin, Ireland. It is in the city'sD01 postal district.
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Formerly namedRuthland Square,[1] it was renamed afterCharles Stewart Parnell (1846–1891), as wasParnell Street, which forms the southern side of the square. Surrounded on three sides by terraces of original intactGeorgian houses, much of the southern part of the square and its centre is taken up by extensions of theRotunda Hospital while theGarden of Remembrance is located along the northern side of this area. The main entrance to the Garden of Remembrance is on the eastern side of the square, with a smaller entrance on the northern side of the square.
TheGate Theatre and the Ambassador and Pillar Room venues are located at the southeastern corner of the square, where it meets O'Connell Street. Entertainments were originally developed here as part of the Rotunda Hospital scheme byBartholomew Mosse as a revenue engine to pay for the running of what was Europe's first lying-in maternity hospital. Extensive pleasure gardens, subsequently forming the body of the square, were located to the rear of the hospital in the original development.
TheHugh Lane Gallery is on the north side of the square and is entered through the grandest original house on the square,Charlemont House. It was erected in cut stone byLord Charlemont to a design byWilliam Chambers during the Georgian period. On this side also is theDublin Writers Museum and the Irish Writers' Centre.[2] The strikingGothic Revival Findlater's Church (Abbey Presbyterian Church) just up from the gallery on the same side was erected in the 1860s by Alexander Findlater, at his own expense, and which he presented to thePresbyterian congregation. One of Dublin's most acclaimed restaurants,Chapter One, is located on the northern side of Parnell Square between theHugh Lane Gallery and the Writers Museum. On the south side of the square is Conway's bar (now closed), outside of whichPatrick Pearse surrendered to theBritish Army after the 1916Easter Rising. The political partySinn Féin has its Dublin head office and shop on the western side of the square The western side also is known for offices of a number oftrades unions and other organisations. Also on the western side is the St. Martin's Apostolate office, which includes a small basement chapel. The St. Martin's Apostolate office is well known in Dublin for its movingcrib that is open to the public each Christmas.
No 5 – Birthplace ofOliver St John Gogarty (1878–1957); writer, surgeon, and senator. A friend ofMichael Collins and the writersW. B. Yeats andJames Joyce, Gogarty was unwillingly immortalised asBuck Mulligan in theUlysses. From the early 1920s until the early 1930s No 5 served as the headquarters ofCumann na nGaedheal, the governing party.
No 9 Cavendish Row – DrBartholomew Mosse (1713–1759); Philanthropist and surgeon. Mosse lived here, having originally hailed from Portlaoise. He founded the Rotunda Hospital, located in the square which was built to designs ofRichard Cassels between 1751 and 1757. The emergence of Parnell Square as a square is largely attributable to him as he laid out pleasure gardens to pay for the hospital.
No. 14 Parnell Square was the headquarters of Conradh na Gaeilge in the 1940s and 1950s and perhaps into the 1960s. The Ard-chraobh of the Gaelic League was in this building.
No 25 Parnell Square, Gaelic League building. This building is of great significance during the period surrounding the War of Independence as it was here on 9 September 1914 that a meeting held by the Supreme Council of theIrish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) with selected others agreed to rise up against the British before the Great War, subsequently known as theFirst World War, would be finished: In attendance wereÉamonn Ceannt,Thomas Clarke,James Connolly,Arthur Griffith,John MacBride,Seán Mac Diarmada, Sean McGarry, William "Bill" O'Brien,Seán T. O'Kelly,Padraig Pearse,Joseph Plunkett.[citation needed]
No 29 – 30 Parnell Square – Formerly Vaughan's Hotel; a favourite hiding and meeting place for Michael Collins.
No 41 Parnell Square – this building was formerly the Irish National Forester's Hall. Prior to 1916, it was used for drilling both by theIrish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) and the Volunteers; on the eve of the outbreak of theEaster RisingÉamon de Valera assembled the 3rd Battalion here. In 1922, subsequent to the Treaty and prior to the Civil War, the IRB again met here in a failed attempt at achieving consensus on the Treaty; among the attendees were Michael Collins,Harry Boland,Liam Lynch andEoin O'Duffy – all of whom, except O'Duffy, were dead by the end of theIrish Civil War.
No 44 Parnell Square – TheKevin Barry memorial hall is the current headquarters ofSinn Féin.
No 46 Parnell Square – Formerly the Headquarters ofConradh na Gaeilge, the Irish language league, this was the venue whereThomas MacDonagh assembled the 2nd Battalion the Sunday night on the eve of the 1916Easter Rising. In August 1917, the meetings that led to the National Executive of theIrish Republican Army being established were also here, with persons present including Éamon de Valera,Thomas Ashe,Cathal Brugha, and Michael Collins. Subsequently, on 19 September 1919, in the company ofRichard Mulcahy, Michael Collins set up his famous "Squad", composed of top-level operatives – men who would ultimately be involved with highest priority missions, such as the elimination of the British "G Men" agents in 1920.
No 58 Parnell Square – The Sinn Féin Bookshop and the offices of theAn Phoblacht newspaper.
There are plans for the development of the northern side of Parnell Square into a cultural district. The street will be turned into a pedestrian space, the city's main library will move to the formerColáiste Mhuire buildings, a new auditorium will be built, and the gardens attached to the Rotunda Hospital will be opened up.[3][4]
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