Thebalboa (sign:B/.;ISO 4217:PAB) is, along with theUnited States dollar, one of the officialcurrencies ofPanama. It is named in honor of theSpanishexplorer andconquistadorVasco Núñez de Balboa. The balboa is subdivided into 100centésimos.

Panamanian balboa

Balboa panameño (Spanish)
1⁄2 balboa (front) 1⁄2 balboa (back)
ISO 4217
Code	PAB (numeric:590)
Subunit	0.01
Unit
Unit	balboa
Symbol	B/. or฿.[1]‎
Denominations
Subunit
1⁄100	Centésimo
Banknotes	None (U.S. banknotes are employed instead, although denominated in balboas)
Coins	1 and 5 centésimos,1⁄10,1⁄4,1⁄2, and 1 balboa
Demographics
Date of introduction	1904
User(s)	Panama (alongside theU.S. dollar)
Valuation
Pegged with	U.S. dollar at par

The balboa replaced theColombian peso in 1904 following the country's independence. The balboa has beentied to the United States dollar (which is alsolegal tender in Panama) at anexchange rate of 1:1 since its introduction and has always circulated alongside dollars.

Panama has never had an officialcentral bank.^[2] TheNational Bank of Panama, one of two government-owned banks, was responsible for nonmonetary aspects of central banking in Panama, assisted by the National Banking Commission (Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores), which was created along with the country's International Financial Center, and was charged with licensing and supervising banks.

In 1904, silver coins in denominations of2+1⁄2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 centésimos were introduced. These coins were weight-related to the 25 gram 50 centésimos, making the2+1⁄2 centésimos coin 1.25 grams. Its small size led to it being known as the "Panama pill" or the "Panama pearl". In 1907, copper-nickel1⁄2, and2+1⁄2 centésimo coins were introduced, followed by copper-nickel 5 centésimo coins in 1929. In 1930, coins for1⁄10,1⁄4, and1⁄2 balboa were introduced, followed by 1 balboa in 1931, which were identical in size and composition to the corresponding U.S. coins. In 1935, bronze 1 centésimo coins were introduced, with1+1⁄4 centésimo pieces minted in 1940.

In 1966, Panama followed the U.S. in changing the composition of their silver coins, with copper-nickel-clad1⁄10 and1⁄4 balboa, and .400 fineness1⁄2 balboa. One-balboa coins, at .900 fineness silver, were issued that year for the first time since 1947. In 1973, copper-nickel-clad1⁄2 balboa coins were introduced. 1973 also saw the revival of the2+1⁄2 centésimos coin, which had a size similar to that of the U.S.half dime, but these were discontinued two years later due to lack of popular demand. In 1983, 1 centésimo coins followed their U.S. counterpart by switching from copper to copper-plated zinc. Further issues of the 1 balboa coins have been made since 1982 in copper-nickel without reducing its size.

Modern 1, 5 centésimo,1⁄10,1⁄4, and1⁄2 balboa coins are the same weight, dimensions, and composition as the U.S.cent,nickel,dime,quarter, andhalf dollar, respectively. In 2011, new 1-balboa bimetallic coins were issued^{[citation needed]} that are the same dimensions as the U.S.dollar coin.

In addition to circulating issues, commemorative coins in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 500 balboas have also been issued. At the time the .925 finenesssterling silver 20 balboa coin honoringSimón Bolívar was introduced in 1971, it was the largest legal tender silver coin in the world, containing 3.85 ozt silver and having a 61 mm diameter.^[4]

In 1941, PresidentArnulfo Arias pushed the government to enact Article 156 to the constitution, authorizing official and private banks to issue paper money. As a result, on 30 September 1941, El Banco Central de Emisión de la República de Panamá (Central Bank of Issue of the Republic of Panama) was established.^[5] Arias was deposed in a coup in October and the new banknotes were withdrawn and most destroyed.

Panama usesU.S. banknotes as its main form of cash.

• Economy of Panama