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Historical regions of the United States

(Redirected fromOrganized incorporated territories of the United States)

The territory of the United States and its overseas possessions hasevolved over time, from thecolonial era to the present day. It includes formally organized territories, proposed and failed states, unrecognizedbreakaway states, international and interstate purchases,cessions, andland grants, and historical military departments and administrative districts. The last section lists informal regions from Americanvernacular geography known by popular nicknames and linked by geographical, cultural, or economic similarities, some of which are still in use today.

National Atlas map of United States territorial acquisitions

For a more complete list of regions and subdivisions of the United States used in modern times, seeList of regions of the United States.

Map showing mid 17th century claims and land grant boundaries. Some colonies seen here are: Nova Scotia (NSc), Territory of Sagadahock (TS), First Province of Maine (Me), New Hampshire (NH), Plymouth (PC), Massachusetts Bay (MBC), New Netherland (NN), New Sweden (NSw), and Lord Baltimore's Land (Md; Maryland)
New World settlements ofThe Netherlands, collectively calledNew Netherland

Contents

Colonial era (before 1776)

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The Massachusetts Bay Colony
 
French settlements and forts in the so-called Illinois Country, 1763, which encompassed parts of the modern day states of Illinois, Missouri, Indiana and Kentucky)
 
A 1775 map of theGerman Coast, a historical region of present-day Louisiana located aboveNew Orleans on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River
 
Vandalia was the name of a proposed British colony located south of the Ohio River, primarily in what is now the U.S. states of West Virginia and eastern Kentucky
 
A proposal for the creation ofWestsylvania was largely deterred by the Revolutionary War

Thirteen Colonies

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Main article:Thirteen Colonies

Pre-Revolutionary War regions

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† - indicates failed legal entities

New England

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Mid-Atlantic

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Southern

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Interior

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Map showing North American territorial boundaries leading up to theAmerican Revolution and the founding of theUnited States:British claims are indicated in red and pink, while Spanish claims are in orange and yellow.

Far West

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Unlike the land to the east, most of the land west of the Mississippi River was underFrench orSpanish rule until the first years of the 19th century.

Colonies settled but unrecognized

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The Oregon Country. The dispute over Oregon, between Britain and the U.S., led to an uneasy, parallel governing of the territory for almost 30 years.
 
Seward's Folly. The controversial purchase of Alaska fromRussia in 1867 turned out to be a great deal for the U.S. when the area proved to contain a treasure trove of natural resources.
 
The Baton Rouge and Mobile Districts ofSpanish West Florida, claimed by the United States, spanned parts of three later states. The Spanish province also included part of the present-day state of Florida.

Colonies proposed but unrealized

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Independent entities later joined to the Union

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Regions purchased from foreign powers

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Regions annexed from or ceded by foreign powers

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  • Some historic and current U.S. territories
  • The Philippines was acommonwealth of the United States, 1935–1946
  • Worldwide location of current U.S.insular areas:
  • The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

Ceded or purchased Native American regions

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Progression of the two territorial governments, 1819–1836:Indian Territory is in teal;[further explanation needed]Arkansas is in dark green; western portion ofLovely's Purchase is in light green (to Indian Territory, 1828)
 
Indiana lands acquired through treaties
 
Mississippi indigenous claims and cessions

Interstate, territorial, and federal cessions

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The first state cessions. The 13 original states ceded their western claims to the federal government, allowing for the creation of the country's first western territories and states.

The following arestate cessions made during the building of the U.S.

Former organized territories

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The Northwest Territory was ceded by Great Britain to the United States at the end of theAmerican Revolutionary War. Britain irrevocably ceded all claims to the territory in the 1814Treaty of Ghent.
 
United States territorial expansion since 1803, maps by William R. Shepherd (1923)
 
Census Bureau map depicting territorial acquisitions and effective dates of statehood

The following is a list of the 31U.S. territories that have become states, in the order of the dateorganized (all were consideredincorporated):

Internal land grants, cessions, districts, departments, claims and settlements

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Map of Military Reserves in the United States, 1778–1816, with Dates of Creation
 
The Ohio Country, indicating battle sites between settlers andNative American Tribes, 1775–1794

The following are land grants, cessions, defined districts (official or otherwise) or named settlements made within an area that was already part of a U.S. state or territory thatdid not involve international treaties orNative American cessions or land purchases.

Alaska

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Colorado

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Iowa

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Nebraska

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New York

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Selected tract purchases of western New York State

Ohio

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Main article:Ohio Lands
 
Map of the Ohio Lands

Oklahoma

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Oklahoma Territory andIndian Territory, along withNo Man's Land (also known as theOklahoma Panhandle). The division of the two territories is shown with a heavy purple line. Together, these three areas would become theState of Oklahoma in 1907.

Indian reserves

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Pennsylvania land purchases from Native Americans

Pennsylvania

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Tennessee

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"Aboriginal map of Tennessee" (1886)

Federal military districts and departments

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These entities were sometimes the only governmental authority in the listed areas, although they often co-existed with civil governments in scarcely populated states and territories. Civilian administered "military" tracts, districts, departments, etc., will be listed elsewhere.

Central United States

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  • Department of the Northwest (1862–1865) Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska[2]
    • District of Minnesota (1862–1865)
    • District of Wisconsin (1862–1865)
    • District of Iowa (1862–1865)
    • District of Dakota (1862–1866)
    • District of Montana (1864–1866)
  • Department of the Missouri (1861–1865) Missouri, Arkansas, Illinois, part of Kentucky, and later Kansas; re-configured in 1865 as part of the Division of the Missouri.
  • Division of the Missouri (1865–1891).
    • Department of Dakota (1866–1911) Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and parts of Idaho, South Dakota and the Yellowstone portion of Wyoming.
    • Department of the Missouri (1865–1891) Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Indian Territory, and Territory of Oklahoma.
    • Department of the Platte (1866–1898) Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, Dakota Territory, Utah Territory, Wyoming (except Yellowstone), and a portion of Idaho.
    • Department of Texas (1871–1880) (originally part of the Department of the Gulf) Texas after 1865.
  • Department of New Mexico (1854–65) New Mexico Territory; previously part of the District of California and the Department of the West.

Pacific area

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  • Pacific Division (1848–1853) lands won in theMexican–American War; became the original Department of the Pacific in 1853.
    • Military Department 10 (1848–1851) California.
    • Military Department 11 (1848–1851) Oregon Territory.
  • Department of the Pacific (1853–1858; and 1861–1865); separated into the Department of California and the Department of Oregon in 1858.

During the American Civil War, the Department of the Pacific had six subordinate military districts:

TheDepartment of California (1858–1861) comprised the southern part of the Department of the Pacific: California, Nevada, and southern part of Oregon Territory; merged into the Department of the Pacific as the District of California.

TheDepartment of Oregon (1858–1861) comprised the northern part of the Department of the Pacific: Washington Territory and Oregon Territory.

 
Post-Civil War military districts were set up to aid in therepatriation process of the southern states duringReconstruction.

The south

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  • Department of the Gulf (1862–1865; created by the U.S. for theCivil War) Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas.
  • Trans-Mississippi (or Trans-Mississippi Department;CSA) (1862–1865). Formerly "Military Dept. 2"; Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), Kansas, and Louisiana west of the Mississippi River.

The west

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Retroceded possessions and overseas territories

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The Panama Canal Zone was once a territory of the United States

Functioning but non-sanctioned territories

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The boundaries of the State of Deseret, as proposed in 1849

These "territories" had actual, functioning governments (recognized or not):

Civil War-related

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Animated map of secession and repatriation of theConfederacy, 1860–1870

These are functioning governments created as a result of the attempted secession of the Confederacy during theAmerican Civil War (1861–1865). Some wereenclaves within enemy-held territories:

These were regions disassociated from neighboring areas due to opposing views:

Regional nicknames

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Regions of the United States:
  New England
  Mid-Atlantic
  East North Central (Great Lakes, or Eastern Midwest)
  West North Central (Western Midwest, or The Great Plains States)
  South Atlantic
  East South Central
  West South Central
  Mountain States
  Pacific States

Belts

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Belts are loosely defined sub-regions found throughout the United States that are named for a perceived commonality among the included areas, which is often related to the region's economy or climate.

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Luisiana". Artifacts.org. Retrieved2012-09-17.
  2. ^Heidler, David Stephen; Heidler, Jeanne T.; Coles, David J.;Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History; W. W. Norton & Company; New York; 2000; p. 590.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toHistorical regions of the United States.
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