Infraclass of insects
Neoptera (Ancient Greek néos ("new") +pterón ("wing")) is a classification group that includes most orders of the wingedinsects , specifically those that can flex their wings over theirabdomens . This is in contrast with the morebasal orders of winged insects (the "Palaeoptera " assemblage), which are unable to flex their wings in this way.
The taxon Neoptera was proposed byА.М. Martynov in 1923 and 1924, in the following classification:[ 1] [ 2]
Pterygota
The orderThysanoptera originally had uncertain systematic position, and later was attributed to Paraneoptera.Other classifications were proposed, subordinating Neoptera either directly to Pterygota (as in Martynov's classification), or to Metapterygota:
The phylogeny of Neoptera is shown in thecladogram , using the molecular phylogeny of Wipfler et al. 2019 for thePolyneoptera ,[ 3] Paraneoptera (wherePsocomorpha containsPhthiraptera ),[ 4] Holometabola .[ 5]
^ Martynov, A. V. (1923)."О двух основных типах крыльев насекомых и их значении для общей классификаци насекомых" [On the two main types of insect wings and their significance for the general classification of insects].Proceedings of the I All-Russian Congress of Zoologists, Anatomists and Histologists in Petrograd on 15–21 December 1922 :88– 89. ^ Martynov, A. V. (1924)."О двух типах крыльев насекомых и их эволюции" [There are two types of drug addicts and evolutionists].Russian Zoological Journal .4 (1, 2):155– 185. ^ Wipfler, Benjamin; Letsch, Harald; Frandsen, Paul B.; Kapli, Paschalia; Mayer, Christoph; et al. (February 2019)."Evolutionary history of Polyneoptera and its implications for our understanding of early winged insects" .Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .116 (8):3024– 3029.Bibcode :2019PNAS..116.3024W .doi :10.1073/pnas.1817794116 PMC 6386694 PMID 30642969 . ^ Johnson, Kevin P.; Dietrich, Christopher H.; Friedrich, Frank; Beutel, Rolf G.; Wipfler, Benjamin; et al. (2018-12-11)."Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects" .Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .115 (50):12775– 12780.doi :10.1073/pnas.1815820115 PMC 6294958 PMID 30478043 . ^ Kjer, Karl M.;Simon, Chris ; Yavorskaya, Margarita; Beutel, Rolf G. (2016)."Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics" .Journal of the Royal Society Interface .13 (121): 121.doi :10.1098/rsif.2016.0363 .PMC 5014063 PMID 27558853 . Neoptera at Wikimedia CommonsNeoptera at Wikispecies
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