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Namakura language

TheNamakura language,Makura orNamakir, is anOceanic language ofVanuatu. The language is spoken inShefa Province, northEfate,Tongoa, andTongariki. It is the onlyNorth-Central Vanuatu language to have preserved theProto-Oceanic*q, reflected as aglottal stop.

Namakura
Namakir
Native toVanuatu
RegionShepherds Islands (Tongoa & Tongariki), north ofEfate
Native speakers
3,800 (2001)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3nmk
Glottolognama1268
Namakura is not endangered according to the classification system of theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger
A Namakura speaker, recorded inVanuatu.

Phonology

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Consonants

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LabialCoronalVelarGlottal
plainlab.
Nasalmnŋ
Plosivevoicelessptkʔ
prenasalᵐbᵐbʷⁿdᵑɡ
Fricativevoicelessfsh
voicedv
Approximantwl
Rhoticr
  • /v/ may also range to bilabial as[β], in free variation.
  • /h/ can also range to uvular as[χ], in free variation.
  • /ⁿd/ can also range to a retroflex[ᶯɖ] in free variation. When followed by a /r/, it is then realized as a trilled-articulated sound[ⁿdʳ,ᶯɖʳ].
  • /r/ can be heard as a flap[ɾ] in initial position and as a trill[r] elsewhere.

Vowels

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FrontCentralBack
Closeiu
Mideo
Opena
  • Two nasal vowel sounds [ẽ õ] are also rarely heard.
  • /i/ when preceding a vowel can be heard as a glide [j].[2]

External links

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^Namakura atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Sperlich, Wolfgang B. (1991).Namakir: a description of a central Vanuatu language. University of Auckland.


 

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