The myth of themilk of Hera (Ancient Greek:Ἥρας γάλα,romanized: Hḗras gala) is an ancientGreek myth and explanation of the origin of theMilky Way within the context ofcreation myths. The standard telling goes that the mythical heroHeracles, as an infant, breastfed from an unsuspectingHera, the goddess of marriage andZeus's wife, who threw him away, causing a little bit of her milk to splash and create the galaxy with all its stars.

The ancient Greek word for 'Milky Way' and 'galaxy' both isγαλαξίας, literally meaning "milky",^[1] derived fromγάλα, which means milk,^[2] and is itself from theProto-Indo-European root*glakt-,*galakt- (compare to the Latinlac).^[3]

It was said that onceHeracles had been born, eitherZeus or his sonHermes took the infant and brought him toHera, who was sleeping, and placed him to her breast so that he could suckle from her. Once Hera awoke and understood the situation, she pushed the baby away, and her unexpressed milk was sprayed. This story was attributed to (pseudo-)Eratosthenes.^[4][5]

In another telling, afterAlcmene managed to bring forth both infants, she grew fearful of Hera's wrath and imminent retribution, so she exposed the infant in some field. The goddessAthena, Heracles' half-sister, found him and brought him to Hera, without revealing his identity. Hera, admiring the baby, offered to breastfeed him. But Heracles bit too hard on her breast, hurting her and forcing Hera to cast him aside in pain, as Athena returned him to his mortal parents.^[6]

A version that diverges significantly from the more known ones states that the milk was not Hera's at all. According to the Roman mythographerHyginus, whenRhea presented a swaddled rock to her husbandCronus pretending to be the infant Zeus, Cronus asked her to nurse the child one last time before he ate it. Rhea complied and pressed her breast against the rock, releasing a bit of milk.^[7] Hyginus, while recounting the more traditional story by Eratosthenes, supplants the infant Heracles for the infant Hermes, the son of the nymphMaia, instead.^[7]

Both Eratosthenes and Hyginus link Heracles breastfeeding Hera to his legitimation as an infant, since the only way for a son of Zeus to be able to receive honours in heaven was through being nursed by Hera, with Hyginus providing an additional example with Hermes. Neither Diodorus nor Pausanias make such connection between the breastfeeding and Heracles suckling from his father's wife breast; Diodorus mentions another ritual, which included a mock labour with Hera acting as Alcmene, as the way Heracles was legitimized after hisapotheosis.^[8]

Whatever the details and the circumstances of the myth, it was said that the divine milk that spilt and sprayed across the heavens became theMilky Way galaxy, known to the ancient Greeks asGalaxias Kyklos (Ancient Greek:Γαλαξίας Κύκλος,lit. 'the milky circle').^[9][10] This rather dramatic myth has been depicted throughout history by many artists, includingTintoretto andRubens.^[9]

In a lesser-known variant, some of the milk's portion that was released fell down on the earth, and transformed into alily, a flower as white as Hera's milk.^[8][11][12]

• Milky Way (mythology)
• Heracles at the crossroads
• Five Suns
• Tyros

• Anonymous (1805).Geoponika: Agricultural Pursuits. Vol. II. Translated by Thomas Owen.London.
• Ascherson, Ferdinand (1884).Berliner Studien für classische Philologie und Archaeologie. Berlin, Germany: Calvary.
• Beekes, R. S. P. (2009).Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Vol. 1. Leiden, the Netherlands:Brill Publications.ISBN 978-90-04-17420-7.
• Diodorus Siculus (1935).Library of History.Loeb Classical Library 303. Cambridge, MA. Vol. II: Books 2.35-4.58. Translated by by C. H. Oldfather.Harvard University Press.
• Hard, Robin (2015).Constellation Myths: With Aratus's 'Phaenomena'.Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-871698-3.
• Hyginus,Astronomica from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies.Online version at the Topos Text Project.
• Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940).A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Oxford:Clarendon Press.Online version at Perseus.tufts project.
• Pausanias,Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918.Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Pirenne-Delforge, Vinciane; Pironti, Gabriella (January 27, 2022).The Hera of Zeus. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-1-108-84103-0.
• Waller, William H. (October 31, 2017).The Milky Way: An Insider's Guide. New Jersey, United States:Princeton University Press.ISBN 978-0-691-17835-6.

• Star Tales – Milky Way
•   Media related toOrigin of the Milky Way at Wikimedia Commons