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| March 13 in recent years |
| 2025 (Thursday) |
| 2024 (Wednesday) |
| 2023 (Monday) |
| 2022 (Sunday) |
| 2021 (Saturday) |
| 2020 (Friday) |
| 2019 (Wednesday) |
| 2018 (Tuesday) |
| 2017 (Monday) |
| 2016 (Sunday) |
March 13 is the 72nd day of the year (73rd inleap years) in theGregorian calendar; 293 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
editPre-1600
edit- 222 – Roman emperorElagabalus is murdered alongside his mother,Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin,Severus Alexander.[1][2]
- 624 – TheBattle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh.[3]
- 1323 –Siege of Warangal: SultanGhiyath al-Din Tughluq sends an expeditionary army led by his son,Muhammad bin Tughluq, to the Kakatiya capitalWarangal – after rulerPrataparudra has refused to maketribute payments. He besieges the city and finally, after a campaign of 8 months, Prataparudra surrenders onNovember 9.[4]
- 1567 – TheBattle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of theEighty Years' War.[5]
- 1591 – At theBattle of Tondibi inMali,Moroccan forces of theSaadi dynasty, led byJudar Pasha, defeat theSonghai Empire, despite being outnumbered by at least five to one.[6]
1601–1900
edit- 1639 –Harvard College is named after clergymanJohn Harvard.[7]
- 1697 –Nojpetén, capital of the last independentMaya kingdom, falls to Spanishconquistadors, the final step in theSpanish conquest of Guatemala.[8]
- 1741 – TheBattle of Cartagena de Indias (part of theWar of Jenkins' Ear) begins.[9]
- 1781 –William Herschel discoversUranus.[10]
- 1809 –Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden is deposed in theCoup of 1809.[11]
- 1811 – A French and Italian fleetis defeated by a British squadron off the island ofVis in theAdriatic during theNapoleonic Wars.[12]
- 1815 – Participants at theCongress of Vienna declareNapoleon anoutlaw following his escape fromElba[13]
- 1826 –Pope Leo XII publishes theapostolic constitutionQuo Graviora in which he renewed the prohibition on Catholics joiningfreemasonry.[14]
- 1845 –Felix Mendelssohn'sViolin Concerto receives its première performance inLeipzig withFerdinand David as soloist.[15]
- 1848 – TheGerman revolutions of 1848–1849 begin in Vienna.[16]
- 1862 – TheAct Prohibiting the Return of Slaves is passed by theUnited States Congress, effectively annulling theFugitive Slave Act of 1850 and setting the stage for theEmancipation Proclamation.[17]
- 1884 – TheSiege of Khartoum begins. It lasts until January 26, 1885.[18]
- 1888 – Theeruption of Ritter Island triggerstsunamis that kill up to 3,000 people on nearby islands.[19]
- 1900 – British forces occupyBloemfontein,Orange Free State, during theSecond Boer War.[20]
1901–present
edit- 1920 – TheKapp Putsch briefly ousts theWeimar Republic government fromBerlin.[21]
- 1930 – The news of the discovery ofPluto is announced byLowell Observatory.[22]
- 1940 – TheWinter War betweenFinland and theSoviet Union officially ends after the signing of theMoscow Peace Treaty.[23]
- 1943 –The Holocaust:German forces liquidate theJewish ghetto in Kraków.[24]
- 1954 – TheBattle of Điện Biên Phủ begins with an artillery barrage byViet Minh forces underVõ Nguyên Giáp; Viet Minh victory led to the end of theFirst Indochina War and French withdrawal from Vietnam.[25]
- 1957 –Cuban student revolutionaries storm thepresidential palace inHavana in a failed attempt on the life of PresidentFulgencio Batista.[26]
- 1964 –Kitty Genovese is murdered in New York City,[27] prompting research into thebystander effect due to the false story that neighbors witnessed the killing and did nothing to help her.[28]
- 1969 –Apollo 9 returns safely toEarth after testing theLunar Module.[29]
- 1974 –Sierra Pacific Airlines Flight 802 crashes into theWhite Mountains nearBishop, California, killing 36.[30]
- 1979 – TheNew Jewel Movement, headed byMaurice Bishop, ousts thePrime Minister of Grenada,Eric Gairy, in acoup d'état.[31]
- 1988 – TheSeikan Tunnel, the longest tunnel in the world with an undersea segment, opens betweenAomori andHakodate, Japan.[32]
- 1989 –Space ShuttleDiscovery launches onSTS-29 carrying theTDRS-4 satellite.[33]
- 1992 – The Mw 6.6Erzincan earthquake strikes easternTurkey with a maximumMercalli intensity of VIII (Severe).[34]
- 1993 – The1993 Storm of the Century affects theeastern United States, dropping feet of snow in many areas.[35]
- 1996 – TheDunblane massacre leads to the death of sixteen primary school children and one teacher inDunblane, Scotland.[36]
- 1997 – TheMissionaries of Charity chooseSister Nirmala to succeedMother Teresa as their leader.[37]
- 2003 – An article inNature identifies theCiampate del Diavolo as 350,000-year-old hominid footprints.[38]
- 2012 – TheSierre coach crash kills 28 people, including 22 children.[39]
- 2013 – The2013 papal conclave elects Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio taking the namePope Francis as the266thPope of theCatholic Church.[40]
- 2016 – TheAnkara bombing kills at least 37 people.[41]
- 2016 – Three gunmenattack two hotels in theIvory Coast town ofGrand-Bassam, killing at least 19 people.[42]
- 2020 – PresidentDonald Trump declares theCOVID-19 pandemic to be anational emergency in the United States.[43]
- 2020 –Breonna Taylor iskilled by police officers who were forcibly entering her home inLouisville, Kentucky; her death sparkedextensive protests against racism and police brutality.[44]
- 2020 –Katerina Sakellaropoulou is sworn in as the first femalePresident of Greece amid strictCOVID-19 measures.[45]
Births
editPre-1600
edit- 1372 –Louis I, Duke of Orléans (d. 1407)[46]
- 1479 –Lazarus Spengler, German hymnwriter (d. 1534)[47]
- 1560 –William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, Dutch count (d. 1620)[48]
- 1593 –Georges de La Tour, French painter (probable;[49] d. 1652)
- 1599 –John Berchmans, Belgian Jesuit scholastic and saint (d. 1621)[50]
1601–1900
edit- 1615 –Innocent XII, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1700)[51]
- 1683 –Johann Wilhelm Weinmann, German botanist (d. 1741)[52]
- 1700 –Michel Blavet, French flute player and composer (d. 1768)[53]
- 1719 –John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, English field marshal and politician,Lord Lieutenant of Essex (d. 1797)[54]
- 1720 –Charles Bonnet, Swiss historian and author (d. 1793)[55]
- 1741 –Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1790)[56]
- 1763 –Guillaume Brune, French general and diplomat (d. 1815)[57]
- 1764 –Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, English politician,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1845)[58]
- 1770 –Daniel Lambert, English animal breeder (d. 1809)[59]
- 1781 –Karl Friedrich Schinkel, German painter and architect, designed theKonzerthaus Berlin (d. 1841)[60]
- 1798 –Abigail Fillmore, American wife ofMillard Fillmore, 14thFirst Lady of the United States (d. 1853)[61]
- 1800 –Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Ottoman politician, 212thGrand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1858)[62]
- 1815 –James Curtis Hepburn, American physician, linguist, and missionary (d. 1911)[63]
- 1825 –Hans Gude, Norwegian-German painter and academic (d. 1903)[64]
- 1855 –Percival Lowell, American astronomer and mathematician (d. 1916)[65]
- 1857 –B. H. Roberts, English-American historian and politician (d. 1933)[66]
- 1860 –Hugo Wolf, Slovene-Austrian composer (d. 1903)[67]
- 1862 –Paul Prosper Henrys, French general (d. 1943)[68]
- 1864 –Alexej von Jawlensky, Russian-German painter (d. 1941)[69]
- 1870 –William Glackens, American painter and illustrator (d. 1938)[70]
- 1874 –Ellery Harding Clark, American jumper, coach, and lawyer (d. 1949)[71]
- 1880 –Josef Gočár, Czech architect (d. 1945)[72]
- 1883 –Enrico Toselli, Italian pianist and composer (d. 1926)[73]
- 1884 –Hugh Walpole, New Zealand-English author and educator (d. 1941)[74]
- 1886 –Home Run Baker, American baseball player and manager (d. 1963)[75]
- 1886 –Albert William Stevens, American captain and photographer (d. 1949)[76]
- 1888 –Paul Morand, French author and diplomat (d. 1976)[77]
- 1890 –Fritz Busch, German conductor and director (d. 1951)[78]
- 1892 –Janet Flanner, American journalist and author (d. 1978)[79]
- 1897 –Yeghishe Charents, Armenian poet and activist (d. 1937)[80]
- 1898 –Henry Hathaway, American director and producer (d. 1985)[81]
- 1899 –John Hasbrouck Van Vleck, American physicist and mathematician,Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)[82]
- 1899 –Pancho Vladigerov, Bulgarian pianist and composer (d. 1978)[83]
- 1900 –Andrée Bosquet, Belgian painter (d. 1980)[84]
- 1900 –Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet and diplomat,Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)[85]
1901–present
edit- 1902 –Hans Bellmer, German-French painter and sculptor (d. 1975)[86]
- 1904 –Clifford Roach, Trinidadian cricketer and footballer (d. 1988)[87]
- 1907 –Dorothy Tangney, Australian politician (d. 1985)[88]
- 1908 –Walter Annenberg, American publisher, philanthropist, and diplomat,United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (d. 2002)[89]
- 1908 –Myrtle Bachelder, American chemist andWomen's Army Corps officer (d. 1997)[90]
- 1910 –Sammy Kaye, American saxophonist, songwriter, and bandleader (d. 1987)[91]
- 1910 –Kemal Tahir, Turkish journalist and author (d. 1973)[92]
- 1911 –José Ardévol, Cuban composer and conductor (d. 1981)[93]
- 1911 –L. Ron Hubbard, American author, founder ofScientology (d. 1986)[94]
- 1913 –William J. Casey, American politician, 13thDirector of Central Intelligence (d. 1987)[95]
- 1913 –Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian author and playwright (d. 2009)[96]
- 1914 –W. O. Mitchell, Canadian author and playwright (d. 1998)[97]
- 1914 –Edward O'Hare, American lieutenant and pilot,Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1943)[98]
- 1916 –Lindy Boggs, American educator and politician, 5thUnited States Ambassador to the Holy See (d. 2013)[99]
- 1916 –Jacque Fresco, American engineer and academic (d. 2017)[100]
- 1920 –Ralph J. Roberts, American businessman, co-foundedComcast (d. 2015)[101]
- 1921 –Al Jaffee, American cartoonist (d. 2023)[102]
- 1923 –Dimitrios Ioannidis, Greek general (d. 2010)[103]
- 1925 –Roy Haynes, American drummer and composer (d. 2024)[104]
- 1926 –Carlos Roberto Reina, Honduran lawyer and politician,President of Honduras (d. 2003)[105]
- 1929 –Zbigniew Messner, Polish economist and politician, 9thPrime Minister of the Republic of Poland (d. 2014)[106]
- 1930 –Walter Jacob, American Reform rabbi (d. 2024)[107]
- 1933 –Diane Dillon, American illustrator[108]
- 1933 –Mahdi Elmandjra, Moroccan economist and sociologist (d. 2014)[109]
- 1933 –Gero von Wilpert, German author and academic (d. 2009)[110]
- 1935 –David Nobbs, English author and screenwriter (d. 2015)[111]
- 1938 –Robert Gammage, American captain and politician (d. 2012)[112]
- 1939 –Neil Sedaka, American singer-songwriter and pianist[65]
- 1941 –Donella Meadows, American environmentalist, author, and academic (d. 2001)[113]
- 1941 –Lee Moses, American R&B Soul Singer and Guitarist (d. 1998)[114]
- 1942 –Dave Cutler, American computer scientist and engineer[115]
- 1942 –Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian poet and author (d. 2008)[116]
- 1942 –Scatman John, American singer-songwriter (d. 1999)[117]
- 1942 –George Negus, Australian journalist and television host (d. 2024)[118][119]
- 1944 –Terence Burns, Baron Burns, English economist and academic[120]
- 1945 –Anatoly Fomenko, Russian mathematician and academic[121]
- 1946 –Yonatan Netanyahu, American-Israeli colonel (d. 1976)[122]
- 1947 –Lesley Collier, English ballerina and educator[123]
- 1947 –Beat Richner, Swiss pediatrician and cellist (d. 2018)[124]
- 1947 –Lyn St. James, American race car driver[125]
- 1949 –Ze'ev Bielski, Israeli politician[126]
- 1949 –Sian Elias, New Zealand lawyer and politician, 12thChief Justice of New Zealand[127]
- 1949 –Trevor Sorbie, Scottish hairdresser (d. 2024)[128]
- 1950 –Joe Bugner, Hungarian-British boxer and actor[129]
- 1950 –Bernard Julien, Trinidadian cricketer[130]
- 1950 –Charles Krauthammer, American physician, journalist, and author (d. 2018)[131]
- 1950 –William H. Macy, American actor, director, and screenwriter[65]
- 1952 –Wolfgang Rihm, German composer and educator[132]
- 1952 –Tim Sebastian, English journalist and author[133]
- 1953 –Andy Bean, American golfer (d. 2023)[65]
- 1953 –Michael Curry, American bishop, 27thPresiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church[134]
- 1953 –Deborah Raffin, American actress (d. 2012)[135]
- 1954 –Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos, Guyanese-English politician and diplomat[136]
- 1954 –Robin Duke, Canadian actress and screenwriter[137]
- 1955 –Bruno Conti, Italian footballer and manager[138]
- 1955 –Glenne Headly, American actress (d. 2017)[139]
- 1955 –Olga Rukavishnikova, Russian pentathlete[140]
- 1956 –Dana Delany, American actress and producer[65]
- 1956 –Jamie Dimon, North-American businessman and banker[141]
- 1957 –John Hoeven, American banker and politician, 31stGovernor of North Dakota[65]
- 1957 –Moses Hogan, American composer and conductor (d. 2003)[142]
- 1958 –Mágico González, Salvadoran footballer[143]
- 1958 –Rick Lazio, American lawyer and politician[144]
- 1958 –Caryl Phillips, Caribbean-English author and playwright[145]
- 1959 –Dirk Wellham, Australian cricketer[146]
- 1960 –Adam Clayton, English-Irish musician and songwriter[65]
- 1960 –Joe Ranft, American animator, screenwriter, and voice actor (d. 2005)[147]
- 1962 –Alfredo Maia, Portuguese politician[148]
- 1963 –Mariano Duncan, Dominican baseball player and manager[149]
- 1963 –Vance Johnson, American football player[150]
- 1963 –Fito Páez, Argentine musician, songwriter and filmmaker[151]
- 1964 –Will Clark, American baseball player[152]
- 1964 –Craig Dimond, Australian rugby league player[153]
- 1964 –Trevor Gillmeister, Australian rugby league player and coach[154]
- 1966 –Chico Science, Brazilian singer-songwriter (d. 1997)[155]
- 1967 –Andrés Escobar, Colombian footballer (d. 1994)[156]
- 1967 –Pieter Vink, Dutch footballer and referee[157]
- 1969 –Darren Fritz, Australian rugby league player[158]
- 1970 –Tim Story, American director and producer[159]
- 1971 –Annabeth Gish, American actress[137]
- 1971 –Allan Nielsen, Danish footballer and manager[160]
- 1971 –Adina Porter, American actress[161]
- 1972 –Common, American rapper and actor[65]
- 1972 –Trent Dilfer, American football player, coach, and analyst[162]
- 1973 –Edgar Davids, Surinamese-Dutch footballer and manager[163]
- 1973 –David Draiman, American singer-songwriter[161]
- 1973 –Bobby Jackson, American basketball player and coach[164]
- 1974 –James Brinkley, Scottish cricketer[165]
- 1974 –Thomas Enqvist, Swedish tennis player and sportscaster[166]
- 1975 –Mark Clattenburg, English football referee[167]
- 1976 –Troy Hudson, American basketball player and rapper[168]
- 1976 –Danny Masterson, American actor and producer[131]
- 1978 –Tom Danielson, American cyclist[169]
- 1979 –Johan Santana, Venezuelan baseball player[170]
- 1979 –Cédric Van Branteghem, Belgian sprinter[171]
- 1980 –Caron Butler, American basketball player[65]
- 1980 –Brad Watts, Australian rugby league player[172]
- 1982 –Izi Castro Marques, Brazilian basketball player[173]
- 1982 –Nicole Ohlde, American basketball player[174]
- 1983 –Kaitlin Sandeno, American swimmer[175]
- 1984 –Geeta Basra, Indian actress[176]
- 1985 –Alcides, Brazilian footballer[177]
- 1985 –Emile Hirsch, American actor[65]
- 1986 –Neil Wagner, South African-New Zealand cricketer[178]
- 1987 –Marco Andretti, American race car driver[179]
- 1987 –Andreas Beck, German footballer[180]
- 1988 –Furdjel Narsingh, Dutch footballer[181]
- 1989 –Holger Badstuber, German footballer[182]
- 1989 –Peaches Geldof, English columnist, television personality, and model (d. 2014)[161]
- 1989 –Sandy León, Venezuelan baseball player[183]
- 1989 –Marko Marin, German footballer[184]
- 1989 –Robert Wickens, Canadian racing driver[179]
- 1990 –Anicet Abel, Malagasy footballer[185]
- 1990 –Marcell Dareus, American football player[186]
- 1991 –Daniel Greig, Australian speed skater[187]
- 1991 –Tristan Thompson, American basketball player[188]
- 1992 –Lucy Fry, Australian actress[189]
- 1992 –George MacKay, English actor[161]
- 1992 –Ozuna, Puerto Rican singer-songwriter and rapper[161]
- 1992 –L, South Korean actor and singer[190]
- 1993 –Tyrone Mings, English footballer[191]
- 1994 –Gerard Deulofeu, Spanish footballer[192]
- 1994 –Mohammed Siraj, Indian cricketer[193]
- 1995 –Mikaela Shiffrin, American skier[194]
- 1995 –Jang Su-jeong, South Korean tennis player[195][196]
- 1996 –Brayden Point, Canadian ice hockey player[197]
- 1997 –Pyper America, American model, actress, and musician[198]
- 1997 –Landry Shamet, American basketball player[199]
- 1998 –Jay-Roy Grot, Dutch footballer[200]
- 1998 –Jack Harlow, American rapper, singer-songwriter, and actor[201]
- 2001 –Thomas Dearden, Australian rugby league player[202]
- 2002 –Frank Gore Jr., American football player[203]
- 2004 –Coco Gauff, American tennis player[204]
Deaths
editPre-1600
edit- 1202 –Mieszko III the Old, king of Poland (b. c. 1121)[205]
- 1271 –Henry of Almain, English knight (b. 1235)[206]
- 1415 –Minye Kyawswa, Crown Prince ofAva (b. 1391)[207]
- 1447 –Shah Rukh,Timurid ruler of Persia and Transoxania (b. 1377)[208]
- 1573 –Michel de l'Hôpital, French politician (b. 1507)[209]
1601–1900
edit- 1601 –Henry Cuffe, Politician (b. 1563)[210]
- 1619 –Richard Burbage, English actor (b. 1567)[211]
- 1711 –Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (b. 1636)[212]
- 1719 –Johann Friedrich Böttger, German chemist and potter (b. 1682)[213]
- 1800 –Nana Fadnavis, Indian minister and politician (b. 1742)[214]
- 1808 –Christian VII of Denmark (b. 1749)[215]
- 1823 –John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, English admiral and politician (b. 1735)[216]
- 1833 –William Bradley, English lieutenant and cartographer (b. 1757)[217]
- 1842 –Henry Shrapnel, English general (b. 1761)[218]
- 1854 –Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, French politician, 6thPrime Minister of France (b. 1773)[219]
- 1873 –David Swinson Maynard, American physician, lawyer, and businessman (b. 1808)[220]
- 1879 –Adolf Anderssen, German mathematician and chess player (b. 1818)[221]
- 1881 –Alexander II of Russia (b. 1818)[222]
- 1884 –Leland Stanford Jr., American son ofLeland Stanford (b. 1868)[223]
- 1885 –Giorgio Mitrovich, Maltese politician (b. 1795)[224]
1901–present
edit- 1901 –Benjamin Harrison, American general and politician, 23rdPresident of the United States (b. 1833)[225]
- 1906 –Susan B. Anthony, American activist (b. 1820)[226]
- 1912 –Eugène-Étienne Taché, Canadian engineer and architect, designed theParliament Building (b. 1836)[227]
- 1921 –Jenny Twitchell Kempton, American opera singer and educator (b. 1835)[228]
- 1923 –Josephine Leary, American real estate entrepreneur (b. 1856)[229]
- 1936 –Francis Bell, New Zealand lawyer and politician, 20thPrime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1851)[230]
- 1938 –Clarence Darrow, American lawyer and author (b. 1857)[231]
- 1943 –Stephen Vincent Benét, American poet, short story writer, and novelist (b. 1898)[232]
- 1946 –Werner von Blomberg, German field marshal (b. 1878)[233]
- 1951 –Ants "the Terrible" Kaljurand, Estonian anti-communist, freedom fighter andforest brother (b. 1917)[234]
- 1953 –Johan Laidoner, Estonian general and statesman (b. 1884)[235]
- 1961 –Lise Lindbæk, Norwegian journalist and war correspondent (b. 1905)[236]
- 1962 –Anne Acheson, Irish sculptor (b. 1882)[237]
- 1965 –Vittorio Jano, Italian engineer (b. 1891)[238]
- 1965 –Fan Noli, Albanian-American bishop and politician, 14thPrime Minister of Albania (b. 1882)[239]
- 1971 –Rockwell Kent, American painter and illustrator (b. 1882)[240]
- 1972 –Tony Ray-Jones, English photographer (b. 1941)[241]
- 1975 –Ivo Andrić, Yugoslav novelist, poet, and short story writer,Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)[242]
- 1976 –Ole Haugsrud, American sports executive (b. 1900)[243]
- 1983 –Paul Citroen, German-Dutch illustrator and educator (b. 1896)[244]
- 1990 –Bruno Bettelheim, Austrian-American psychologist and author (b. 1903)[245]
- 1995 –Odette Hallowes, French nurse and spy (b. 1912)[246]
- 1996 –Krzysztof Kieślowski, Polish director and screenwriter (b. 1941)[247]
- 1998 –Judge Dread, English singer-songwriter (b. 1945)[248]
- 1998 –Hans von Ohain, German-American physicist and engineer (b. 1911)[249]
- 1999 –Lee Falk, American cartoonist, director, and producer (b. 1911)[250]
- 1999 –Garson Kanin, American director and screenwriter (b. 1912)[251]
- 2001 –John A. Alonzo, American actor and cinematographer (b. 1934)[252]
- 2001 –Encarnacion Alzona, Filipino historian and educator (b. 1895)[253]
- 2002 –Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher and scholar (b. 1900)[254]
- 2004 –Franz König, Austrian cardinal (b. 1905)[255]
- 2006 –Robert C. Baker, American businessman, invented thechicken nugget (b. 1921)[256]
- 2006 –Jimmy Johnstone, Scottish footballer (b. 1944)[257]
- 2006 –Maureen Stapleton, American actress (b. 1925)[258]
- 2006 –Peter Tomarken, American television personality, game show host (b. 1942)[259]
- 2007 –Arnold Skaaland, American wrestler and manager (b. 1925)[260]
- 2009 –Betsy Blair, American actress (b. 1923)[261]
- 2009 –Alan W. Livingston, American businessman (b. 1917)[262]
- 2010 –Jean Ferrat, French singer-songwriter (b. 1930)[263]
- 2011 –Rick Martin, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1951)[264]
- 2013 –Clive Burr, English drummer and songwriter (b. 1957)[265]
- 2014 –Reubin Askew, American sergeant, lawyer, and politician, 37thGovernor of Florida (b. 1928)[266]
- 2014 –Edward Haughey, Baron Ballyedmond, Irish businessman and politician (b. 1944)[267]
- 2014 –Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, Sierra Leonean economist, lawyer, and politician, 3rdPresident of Sierra Leone (b. 1932)[268]
- 2014 –Icchokas Meras, Lithuanian-Israeli author and screenwriter (b. 1934)[269]
- 2015 –Al Rosen, American baseball player and manager (b. 1924)[270]
- 2016 –Hilary Putnam, American philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist (b. 1926)[271]
- 2017 –Amy Krouse Rosenthal, American author (b. 1965)[272]
- 2018 –Emily Nasrallah, Lebanese writer and women's rights activist. (b. 1931)[273]
- 2021 –Marvelous Marvin Hagler, American professional boxer (b. 1954)[274]
- 2021 –Murray Walker, English motorsport commentator and journalist (b. 1923)[275]
- 2022 –William Hurt, American actor (b. 1950)[276]
- 2024 –Philippe de Gaulle, French admiral (b. 1921)[277]
- 2025 –John Feinstein, American sportswriter and commentator (b. 1956)[278]
- 2025 –Raúl Grijalva, United States representative from Arizona (b. 1948)[279]
- 2025 –Sofia Gubaidulina, Russian-German pianist and composer (b. 1931)[280]
Holidays and observances
editReferences
edit- ^Arrizabalaga y Prado, Leonardo de (2010).The Emperor Elagabulus: Fact or Fiction?. Cambridge University Press. p. 27.ISBN 978-0-521-89555-2.
- ^Burgess, Richard W. (2014).Roman imperial chronology and early-fourth-century historiography. Historia Einzelschriften. Stuttgart: Steiner. pp. 65–66, 121.ISBN 978-3-515-10732-7.Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved16 June 2024.
- ^W. Montgomery Watt (1956),Muhammad at Medina Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 12. Watt notes that the date for the battle is also recorded as the 19th or the 21st of Ramadan (15 or 17 March 624).
- ^Richard M. Eaton (2005).A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761, p. 21. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 9780521254847.
- ^Parker, Geoffrey (2014).Imprudent King: A New Life of Philip II. Yale University Press. p. 151.ISBN 978-0-300-21044-6. Retrieved16 February 2020.
- ^Kaba, Lansiné (1981). "Archers, Musketeers, and Mosquitoes: The Moroccan Invasion of the Sudan and the Songhay Resistance (1591-1612)".The Journal of African History.22 (4):457–475.doi:10.1017/S0021853700019861.ISSN 0021-8537.JSTOR 181298.PMID 11632225.S2CID 41500711.
- ^Morison, Samuel Eliot (1995).The Founding of Harvard College. Harvard University Press. p. 221.ISBN 978-0-674-31451-1. Retrieved16 February 2020.
- ^Jones, Grant D. (1998).The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom. Stanford University Press. p. xix.ISBN 978-0-8047-3522-3. Retrieved16 February 2020.
- ^"The Battle of Cartagena de Indias, Jenkins Ear War".www.grandesbatallas.es. Retrieved2020-04-10.
- ^Kamp, P. (1986).Dark Companions of Stars: Astrometric Commentary on the Lower End of the Main Sequence. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 281.ISBN 978-90-277-2270-6. Retrieved16 February 2020.
- ^Scott, Franklin Daniel (1988).Sweden, the Nation's History. SIU Press. p. 295.ISBN 978-0-8093-1489-8. Retrieved16 February 2020.
- ^Woodman, Richard (2001).The Sea Warriors. Constable Publishers. pp. 255–56.ISBN 1-84119-183-3.
- ^Price, Munro.Napoleon: The End of Glory. Oxford University Press, 2014.
- ^"Quo Graviora". March 13, 1826.
- ^Rudolf, Max; Rudolf, William (2001).A Musical Life: Writings and Letters. Pendragon Press. p. 186.ISBN 978-1-57647-038-1. Retrieved16 February 2020.
- ^Dill, Marshall (1970).Germany: A Modern History. University of Michigan Press. p. 105.ISBN 978-0-472-07101-2. Retrieved16 February 2020.
march 13.
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