A MexicanState (Spanish:Estado), officially theFree and Sovereign State (Spanish:Estado libre y soberano), is a constituentfederativeentity ofMexico according to theConstitution of Mexico. Currently there are 31 states, each with its own constitution,government,state governor, andstate congress. In the hierarchy ofMexican administrative divisions, states are further divided intomunicipalities. Currently there are 2,462 municipalities in Mexico.
| Free and Sovereign State Estado libre y Soberano | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Category | Federated state |
| Location | Mexico |
| Number | 32 federal entities |
| Populations | |
| Areas |
|
| Government | |
| Subdivisions | |
Although not formally a state, political reforms have enabledMexico City (Spanish:Ciudad de México), thecapital city of theUnited Mexican States to have a federative entity status equivalent to that of the states since January 29, 2016.
Current Mexican governmental publications usually lists 32 federative entities (31 states and Mexico City), and 2,478 municipalities (including the 16 boroughs of Mexico City). Third or lower level divisions are sometimes listed by some governmental publications.
List of federative entities
editMexico City, though not formally a state, is included for comparison.
| Coat of arms and name | Cities | Area[1] | Population (2024 Q4)[2] | Population (2020 Census)[3] | Munici- palities | Admission to Federation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital | Largest | km2 | sq mi | Order | Date | |||||
 | Aguascalientes | Aguascalientes | 5,615.7 | 2,168.2 | 1,493,459 | 1,425,607 | 11 | 24 | 5 Feb 1857[4] | |
 | Baja California | Mexicali | Tijuana | 71,450.0 | 27,587.0 | 3,779,050 | 3,769,020 | 7 | 29 | 16 Jan 1952[5] |
 | Baja California Sur | La Paz | 73,909.4 | 28,536.6 | 872,439 | 798,447 | 5 | 31 | 8 Oct 1974[6] | |
 | Campeche | San Francisco de Campeche | 57,484.9 | 22,195.0 | 949,481 | 928,363 | 13 | 25 | 29 Apr 1863[7] | |
 | Chiapas | Tuxtla Gutiérrez | 73,311.0 | 28,305.5 | 5,914,879 | 5,543,828 | 124 | 19 | 14 Sep 1824[8] | |
 | Chihuahua | Chihuahua | Ciudad Juárez | 247,412.6 | 95,526.5 | 3,900,629 | 3,741,869 | 67 | 18 | 6 Jul 1824[8] |
 | Coahuila de Zaragoza[a][b] | Saltillo | 151,594.8 | 58,531.1 | 3,457,516 | 3,146,771 | 38 | 16 | 7 May 1824[8] | |
 | Colima[c] | Colima | Manzanillo | 5,626.9 | 2,172.6 | 719,445 | 731,391 | 10 | 22 | 12 Sep 1856[10] |
 | Durango | Victoria de Durango | 123,364.0 | 47,631.1 | 1,890,563 | 1,832,650 | 39 | 17 | 22 May 1824[8] | |
 | Guanajuato | Guanajuato | León de los Aldama | 30,606.7 | 11,817.3 | 6,313,504 | 6,166,934 | 46 | 2 | 20 Dec 1823[8] |
 | Guerrero | Chilpancingo de los Bravo | Acapulco de Juárez | 63,595.9 | 24,554.5 | 3,603,188 | 3,540,685 | 85 | 21 | 27 Oct 1849[11] |
 | Hidalgo | Pachuca de Soto | 20,821.4 | 8,039.2 | 3,222,994 | 3,082,841 | 84 | 26 | 16 Jan 1869[12] | |
 | Jalisco | Guadalajara | Zapopan | 78,595.9 | 30,346.0 | 8,732,495 | 8,348,151 | 125 | 9 | 23 Dec 1823[8] |
 | México | Toluca de Lerdo | Ecatepec de Morelos | 22,351.8 | 8,630.1 | 17,728,216 | 16,992,418 | 125 | 1 | 20 Dec 1823[8] |
 | Mexico City (Ciudad de México)[d] | n/a | Iztapalapa | 1,494.3 | 577.0 | 9,352,517 | 9,209,944 | 16 | 32 | 29 Jan 2016 |
 | Michoacán de Ocampo | Morelia | 58,598.7 | 22,625.1 | 4,943,602 | 4,748,846 | 113 | 5 | 22 Dec 1823[8] | |
 | Morelos | Cuernavaca | 4,878.9 | 1,883.8 | 1,964,164 | 1,971,520 | 36 | 27 | 17 Apr 1869[13] | |
 | Nayarit | Tepic | 27,856.5 | 10,755.5 | 1,237,293 | 1,235,456 | 20 | 28 | 26 Jan 1917[14] | |
 | Nuevo León[b] | Monterrey | 64,156.2 | 24,770.8 | 6,130,641 | 5,784,442 | 51 | 15 | 7 May 1824[8] | |
 | Oaxaca | Oaxaca de Juárez | 93,757.6 | 36,200.0 | 4,242,791 | 4,132,148 | 570 | 3 | 21 Dec 1823[8] | |
 | Puebla | Puebla de Zaragoza | 34,309.6 | 13,247.0 | 6,586,805 | 6,583,278 | 217 | 4 | 21 Dec 1823[8] | |
 | Querétaro | Santiago de Querétaro | 11,690.6 | 4,513.8 | 2,530,655 | 2,368,467 | 18 | 11 | 23 Dec 1823[8] | |
 | Quintana Roo | Chetumal | Cancún | 44,705.2 | 17,260.8 | 1,917,252 | 1,857,985 | 11 | 30 | 8 Oct 1974[15] |
 | San Luis Potosí | San Luis Potosí | 61,138.0 | 23,605.5 | 2,874,010 | 2,822,255 | 59 | 6 | 22 Dec 1823[8] | |
 | Sinaloa | Culiacán Rosales | 57,365.4 | 22,148.9 | 3,169,760 | 3,026,943 | 20 | 20 | 14 Oct 1830[16] | |
 | Sonora[e] | Hermosillo | 179,354.7 | 69,249.2 | 3,039,967 | 2,944,840 | 72 | 12 | 10 Jan 1824[8] | |
 | Tabasco[f] | Villahermosa | 24,730.9 | 9,548.7 | 2,537,961 | 2,402,598 | 17 | 13 | 7 Feb 1824[8] | |
 | Tamaulipas[b] | Ciudad Victoria | Reynosa | 80,249.3 | 30,984.4 | 3,575,756 | 3,527,735 | 43 | 14 | 7 Feb 1824[8] |
 | Tlaxcala | Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl | San Pablo del Monte | 3,996.6 | 1,543.1 | 1,469,900 | 1,342,977 | 60 | 23 | 9 Dec 1856[17] |
 | Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave | Xalapa-Enríquez | Veracruz | 71,823.5 | 27,731.2 | 8,093,517 | 8,062,579 | 212 | 7 | 22 Dec 1823[8] |
 | Yucatán[g] | Mérida | 39,524.4 | 15,260.5 | 2,375,403 | 2,320,898 | 106 | 8 | 23 Dec 1823[8] | |
 | Zacatecas | Zacatecas | 75,275.3 | 29,064.0 | 1,674,227 | 1,622,138 | 58 | 10 | 23 Dec 1823[8] | |
| Mexico total | Mexico City | 1,972,550.0 | 761,605.8 | 130,294,079 | 126,014,024 | 2,478 | — | |||
Notes:
- ^Joined the federation with the name ofCoahuila y Tejas.
- ^abcThe states ofNuevo León,Tamaulipas andCoahuila became independentde facto in 1840 to form theRepública del Río Grande (English:Republic of the Rio Grande); never consolidated its independence because independent forces were defeated by the centralist forces.[9]
- ^Includes the remoteRevillagigedo Islands, which are federally administered.
- ^Mexico City was a Federal District until 29 January 2016, when this status was abolished.
- ^Joined the federation with the name ofEstado de Occidente, also recognized asSonora y Sinaloa.
- ^The State ofTabasco seceded from Mexico on two occasions: first on 13 February 1841, rejoining again on 2 December 1842; and the second from 9 November 1846 to 9 December 1846.
- ^Joined the federation asRepública Federada de Yucatán[18] (English:Federated Republic of Yucatán) formed by the current states of Yucatán, Campeche and Quintana Roo. Became independent in 1841 constituting the secondRepublic of Yucatán and definitively rejoined in 1848.
Lists by topic
editState symbols:
- State flags of Mexico
- List of Mexican state name etymologies
- List of Mexican state demonyms
- List of Mexican states by date of statehood
- Mexico State-Abbreviation Codes
- Lists of Mexican state governors
- List of current state governors in Mexico
- List of Mexican state congresses (with current composition)
Other:
See also
edit
References
edit- ^"México en cifras - Medio Ambiente - Superficie continental" (in Spanish). INEGI. January 2016. Retrieved12 February 2021.
- ^"Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo" (in Spanish). Retrieved7 March 2025.
- ^"Información Demográfica y Social" (in Spanish). Retrieved26 January 2021.
- ^"Historical Summary of Aguascalientes" (in Spanish). Gobierno del estado de Aguascalientes. Retrieved5 February 2021.
- ^"Transformación Política de Territorio Norte de la Baja California a Estado 29" (in Spanish). Gobierno de Baja California.
- ^"44 Years Ago, Baja California Sur and Quintana Roo became States" (in Spanish). Gobierno de México. Retrieved6 February 2021.
- ^"156th Anniversary of Campeche's Statehood" (in Spanish). INAFED. Retrieved5 February 2021.
- ^abcdefghijklmnopqrs"Las Diputaciones Provinciales"(PDF) (in Spanish). p. 15.
- ^"República de Río Grande, el País que no pudo ser" (in Spanish). Archived fromthe original on 22 January 2010. Retrieved16 June 2015.
- ^"Universidad de Colima". Archived fromthe original on 10 August 2010. Retrieved16 June 2015.
- ^"Commemorating the 169th Anniversary of Guerrero's Statehood" (in Spanish). Gobierno de México. Retrieved5 February 2021.
- ^"History of the state of Hidalgo" (in Spanish). INAFED. Retrieved5 February 2021.
- ^"History of Morelos" (in Spanish). Gobierno del estado de Morelos. Retrieved5 February 2021.
- ^"Anniversary of Nayarit's Statehood" (in Spanish). Gobierno de México. Retrieved5 February 2021.
- ^"Historia de Quintana Roo" (in Spanish). Gobierno del Estado de Quintana Roo. Retrieved5 February 2021.
- ^"500 años de México en documentos" (in Spanish). Biblioteca Garay.
- ^"History of Tlaxcala" (in Spanish). Congreso del estado de Tlaxcala. Retrieved5 February 2021.
- ^"La historia de la República de Yucatán".