Lima (/ˈlaɪmə/LY-mə^[4]) is a city inAllen County, Ohio, United States, and itscounty seat.^[5] As of the2020 census, the city had a population of 35,579.^[6] It is located innorthwest Ohio alongInterstate 75, approximately 72 miles (116 km) north ofDayton, 78 miles (126 km) southwest ofToledo, and 63 mi (101 km) southeast ofFort Wayne, Indiana.

Lima
City
Downtown Lima Allen County Courthouse Allen County Museum
Flag Seal Logo
Nickname:  The Bean
Interactive map of Lima
Lima Show map of Ohio Lima Show map of the United States
Coordinates:40°44′47″N84°07′24″W / 40.74639°N 84.12333°W /40.74639; -84.12333
Country	United States
State	Ohio
County	Allen
Founded	1831; 194 years ago (1831)
Government
• Mayor	Sharetta Smith (D)
Area [1]
• Total	13.80 sq mi (35.75 km2)
• Land	13.62 sq mi (35.27 km2)
• Water	0.18 sq mi (0.48 km2)
Elevation [2]	883 ft (269 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	35,579
• Density	2,612.45/sq mi (1,008.70/km2)
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (EDT)
ZIP code	45801-02, 45804-07, 45809, 45854
Area code	419 567
FIPS code	39-43554[3]
GNIS feature ID	1085694[2]
Website	www.cityhall.lima.oh.us

Lima was founded in 1831. TheLima Army Tank Plant, officially called the Joint Systems Manufacturing Center, built in 1941, is the sole producer of theM1 Abrams. It is the principal city of theLima metropolitan area, which had 102,000 residents in 2020 and is included in theLima–Van Wert–Wapakoneta combined statistical area.

In the years after theAmerican Revolution, theShawnee were the most prominent residents of west central Ohio, growing in numbers and permanency after the 1794Treaty of Greenville. By 1817, the United States had created theHog Creek Reservation for the local Shawnee, covering portions of what would becomeAllen andAuglaize counties, and including part of present-day Lima.^[7]

The creation of the Shawnee reservation freed other lands in the area for settlement, and in February 1820, the Ohio legislature formally established Allen County. In 1831, the Shawnee were forced to surrender all their land in the area to the United States and relocated toKansas, opening all of Allen County to settlement.^{[citation needed]} The Ohio legislature mandated that acounty seat be established and "Lima" was the result.

Lima was named afterLima, Peru's capital city.^[8] The name was reputedly chosen in a nod to the Peruvian capital which, during the 1800s, was a major source ofquinine, an anti-malaria drug for which there had been a demand in the region, an area known as theGreat Black Swamp.^[9]

Since 1831, Lima has been the center of government for Allen County, the first of its three courthouses erected in the city's first year. The foundations of city life followed in quick order. The first school appeared in 1832. Lima's first physician, Dr. William Cunningham, arrived in 1831. 1836 brought the first newspaper to Lima. Lima was officially organized as a city in 1842. Henry DeVilliers Williams was its first mayor. The first public school opened in 1850. In 1854, the first train appeared in Lima, a harbinger of later economic success.

Also in 1854, acholera outbreak inDelphos (a town in Allen County northwest of Lima) spread throughout west central Ohio. Countywide problems caused by the contaminated water supply were not solved until 1886 when Lima started amunicipal water system. Lima's role as a regional center for industry began early. The Lima Agricultural Works began operations in 1869. The company changed names and types of manufacturing through the years. In 1882, under the name Lima Machine Works, the industry built the firstShay-geared locomotive.

Stimulated by the economic boom in nearbyFindlay, in 1885 Lima businessman Benjamin C. Faurot drilled for natural gas at hispaper mill. On May 19, oil was discovered instead of gas. The oil well never realized enormous profits, but it triggered Lima's oil industry, bringingJohn D. Rockefeller'sStandard Oil to the city. Lima's oil field was, for about a decade, the largest in the US.

Economic development brought money for arts and entertainment. Benjamin Faurot's Opera House opened in 1882, a nationally renowned structure so impressive that New Yorkers used it as a model for their theaters. In 1907, Lima built its first movie theater.

In the early 20th century, Benjamin A. Gramm and his close friend Max Bernstein formed theGramm-Bernstein Company, which became a pioneer in the motor truck industry. During World War I, Gramm created the "Liberty truck", which was welcomed upon its arrival in Washington, D.C., by PresidentWoodrow Wilson. Thousands were sent to Europe to help the Allied war effort.

After World War I, Allen County's population growth lagged the state and the nation. Galvin was an assistant superintendent at the Peru Steel Casting Co. of Peru, Ind. He then became acting manager at American Steel Foundries in Pittsburgh.^[10] In 1921, Lima voters approved a change in the structure of Lima city government. Voters now elected fivecommissioners, with the commission chair serving as mayor. The charter sought to establish professional management, requiring the commissioners to hire acity manager, who reported to the mayor. Lima proved itself to be very much in the Progressive tradition with these changes, after flirting with radicalism in 1912 when the voters elected a Socialist mayor.

The darker side of the progressive era revealed itself in the prominence of theKu Klux Klan in the city. It was a center for theBlack Legion, a notoriously violent subset of the Klan. On August 1, 1923, a KKK parade in Lima drew a crowd estimated at 100,000 people.^{[citation needed]}

Economically, the 1920s were a time of industrial expansion in Lima. In 1925,Lima Locomotive Works, Inc. built the "Lima A-1", a 2-8-4 model that became the prototype for the modern steam locomotive. The Locomotive Works also created a new division, the Ohio Power Shovel Company. In 1927, local industrialist John E. Galvin helped foundSuperior Coach Company. It became the world's largest producer of school buses and funeral coaches within two decades. In 1930, eight railroad companies served Lima.^{[citation needed]}

Allen County's population grew significantly faster than the state during theGreat Depression. In 1933, Lima again reorganized its government. The citizens adopted a "strong mayor" model to replace the city manager of the 1920s. Despite the hardships of the decade, Lima residents supported the construction of a hospital to serve the area. Lima Memorial Hospital, named in honor of World War I veterans, opened onMemorial Day, 1933.^{[citation needed]}

The Lima area was not safe from the increased crime rate of the 1930s. In 1933, gangsterJohn Dillinger was in the Allen County Jail, arrested for robbing the Citizens National Bank in nearbyBluffton. Dillinger's cohorts broke him out of jail, killing Allen County Sheriff Jess Sarber in the process. The murder and jailbreak put Dillinger at the top of theFBI's ten most wanted list. His was not the only crime outfit to plague Lima during the decade. In 1936, the notorious Brady Gang robbed a local jewelry store twice.^{[citation needed]}

The Great Depression slowed the pace of industrial expansion. In 1930, a Lima directory listed 93 industrial employers with some 8,000 employees. By 1934, industrial employment was reduced by half. In 1935,Westinghouse located a Small Motor Division in Lima to build fractional horsepower electric motors. The Ohio Steel Foundry turned the corner and grew, eventually expanding its successes in its industry. The 1930s was a decade for organizing labor in Lima. By 1940, there were at least fifty labor unions representing local workers.^{[citation needed]}

Lima benefited from increased production during World War II and a growing population but suffered a significant economic decline at the end of the decade when industry retooled for peacetime production. In May 1941, based in the steel foundry, construction began on theLima Army Tank Plant to manufacture centrifugally cast gun tubes. In November 1942, United Motors Services took over the operation of the plant to process vehicles under government contract. The plant prepared many vehicles for Europe, including theM5 light tank and theT-26 Pershing tank. At its peak during the war, the Lima Tank Depot (now the Joint Systems Manufacturing Center, operated byGeneral Dynamics), employed over 5,000 people.^{[citation needed]}

The area's expanding population in the 1940s and 1950s brought hospital and school expansion. St Rita's Hospital, founded in 1918, opened a seven-story addition in 1948. With voter support, school leadership built six new elementary schools and the new centralizedLima Senior High School during the 1950s. Lima's industrial production grew in the decade. During theKorean War, the Lima Tank Depot resumed manufacturing, at a level expanded from World War II standards.

During the 1960s, Lima experienced both growth and community unrest. In 1962, a new Allen County Airport was built inPerry Township. With the passage of the cityincome tax in 1966, Lima constructed a new facility for the Lima Police Department. Also during the 1960s, TheOhio State University established a regional campus in Lima. Civil rights issues had rocked Lima in the 1950s, perhaps most prominently in the efforts todesegregate the city's only public swimming pool in Schoonover Park. Civil unrest continued in the 1960s and into the 1970s.

In January 1969, acrude oil line in south Lima ruptured, causing 77,000 US gallons (290,000 L) of oil to escape into the city's sewer system. Explosions and fire erupted from sewers as 7,000 residents were evacuated. GovernorJim Rhodes ordered theOhio National Guard into the area to maintain order. In August 1970, further conflict erupted when a black woman was killed by police as she tried to prevent the arrest of a juvenile. Several officers were wounded in the violence that followed. Mayor Christian P. Morris declared astate of emergency and the National Guard was again called in to aid local police.

During the 1970s and 1980s, several industries left Lima, part of the "Rust Belt" decline affecting all of Ohio. In April 1971, the last "Cincinnatian," of theBaltimore and Ohio Railroad stopped in Lima. The Cincinnatian was an iconic lightweightstreamliner serving the B&O's Detroit line from Cincinnati. Lima had also been served by thePennsylvania Railroad's "Broadway Limited," a high-speed New York to Chicago service, the "Capital Limited" Chicago to Washington D.C. service, via Pittsburgh, theNickel Plate Road's "Blue Arrow," and "Blue Dart," which provided high-speed service to Buffalo, Cleveland and St. Louis, and theErie Lackawanna's "Lake Cities," which provided service to New York, Cleveland, and Chicago with direct service both ways. Many of these services were maintained byAmtrak until 1991, when the former Erie Lackawanna and Pennsylvania Railroad mainlines between New York and Chicago were downgraded.

In 1973, Lima's DistrictTuberculosis Center, which served five counties, closed its doors.Superior Coach Company, once the nation's largest producer of buses, closed in 1981, as did Clark Equipment. Airfoil Textron closed in 1985, and Sundstrand (formerly Westinghouse) followed ten years later. By the mid-1990s, Lima had lost more than 8,000 jobs. Lima's population dropped from 52,000 in the 1970s to 45,000 in 1999. Lima's plight and its subsequent efforts to redefine itself were captured in thePBS documentaryLost in Middle America.

According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.80 square miles (35.74 km²), of which 13.57 square miles (35.15 km²) is land and 0.23 square miles (0.60 km²) is water.^[11]

TheOttawa River flows through the city. Locals sometimes refer to the river as "Hawg Creek". This resembles a traditional local name used dating back to the Hog CreekShawnee community that existed between Lima and present Ada, prior to theShawnee removal of 1831. This removal made possible the official founding of "Lima" as a formal town in that year.

Lima has aHumid continental climate (Köppen: Dfa) where there are 4 distinct seasons.

The percentage of college graduates is 9.5%, according to the US Census Bureau.^[16] The city has the highest crime rate for a city its size (20–60,000) in Ohio and also the 9th highest per capita in 2006, according to the FBI.^[17]

As of the census^[18] of 2010, there were 38,771 people, 14,221 households, and 8,319 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,857.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,103.1/km²). There were 16,784 housing units at an average density of 1,236.8 per square mile (477.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 67.1%White, 26.4%African American, 0.3%Native American, 0.5%Asian, 1.2% fromother races, and 4.4% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino people of any race were 3.7% of the population.

There were 14,221 households, of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.8% were married couples living together, 22.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.5% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.09.

The median age in the city was 32.9 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.9% were from 25 to 44; 23.6% were from 45 to 64; and 11.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.8% male and 47.2% female.

As of the census^[3] of 2000, there were 40,081 people, 15,410 households, and 9,569 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,135.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,210.4/km²). There were 17,631 housing units at an average density of 1,379.0 per square mile (532.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.30%White, 24.48%African American, 0.31%Native American, 0.51%Asian, 0.01%Pacific Islander, 0.97% fromother races, and 2.42% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino people of any race were 1.97% of the population.

There were 15,410 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.3% were married couples living together, 19.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.3 males.

Themedian income for a household in the city was $27,067, and the median income for a family was $32,405. Males had a median income of $29,149 versus $22,100 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,882. About 19.2% of families and 22.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.3% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over.

With the discovery of oil in Lima in 1885, Ohio began what came to be called the "Oil Boom of Northwest Ohio". Discovery actually began inFindlay, a city forty miles north of Lima. The discovery of natural gas deposits there in 1884 led to national marketing efforts advertising free gas, as Findlay's business leaders tried to "boom" the town. In 1885, Benjamin C. Faurot of Lima was one of hundreds of businessmen who visited Findlay to see the seemingly unlimited supply of natural gas burning day and night. Faurot owned the Lima Paper Mill. He spent $2,500 on energy consumption annually. Water for his operation was also a problem. So Faurot decided to drill in Lima – for gas or water. Faurot's first oil, found along the Ottawa River on May 19, 1885, was more accidental discovery than deliberate scientific experiment.

During the first week, the well produced more than 200 barrels (32 m³) of oil. Faurot quickly organized local businessmen into a syndicate that would purchase oil leases from farm owners. The company was called the Trenton Rock Oil Company, and by 1886, had 250 wells from Lima toSt. Marys, and west toIndiana.

When the news broke that northwest Ohio had oil,Standard Oil of Cleveland decided to build arefinery in Lima. UnlikePennsylvania's oil, northwest Ohio's "sour crude" was high insulfur content, smelling like rotten eggs, and customers shunned it. Lima's new Solar Refinery was charged with solving the sulfur problem. Until then, Standard bought and stored as much northwest Ohio crude as was possible to maintain their monopoly. It dropped the price of crude from more than sixty cents a barrel to forty cents in an attempt to discourage further production.

Oil drilling fever hit northwest Ohio and "boom towns" sprang up overnight. There is also a significant pharmaceutical industry in Lima, with new resident Lak Hotra opening up the cities first Walgreens. Additional crude glutted the market, and trying to slow production, Standard Oil lowered its price to fifteen cents a barrel. This decision had little effect on the large producers elsewhere, but the smaller Lima producers, whose oil wells could not keep up, found themselves severely hampered. Fourteen independent Lima producers formed a combine – the Ohio Oil Company. Eventually, it becameMarathon Oil, still located in Findlay.

Lima's Solar Refinery General Manager John Van Dyke and Herman Frasch, Standard's chemist, solved the distillation problem for sour crude by devising a method for removing the sulfur. The gamble thatJohn D. Rockefeller took building pipelines and storage tanks for Ohio's sour crude paid off. By 1901, the excitement about Ohio oil slowed with the news of aBeaumont, Texas,gusher producing 100,000 barrels per day (16,000 m³/d).

In 1911, the courts declared Standard Oil Trust a monopoly and broke it into several companies. Between 1887 and 1905, the Lima Oil Field was a world-class producer, yielding 300 million barrels (48,000,000 m³). Lima was also a pipeline center. Within three years of the discovery of oil, a trunk line reached Chicago. Lima oil lit the buildings of the1893 World's Fair. Production peaked in 1904, and then dropped off rapidly. By 1910, the field was regarded as virtually played out. Still, the Lima Refinery has survived, continuing to operate for more than 125 years under a succession of owners—Solar Refining Company (1886), a subsidiary ofStandard Oil until the breakup in 1911,Standard Oil of Ohio (1931),BP (1987), Clark USA (1998),Premcor (2000),Valero Energy Corporation (2005), and most recentlyHusky Energy (2007).^[19]

For most of its history, smokestack industries and ablue-collarwork ethic defined Lima. Nothing played a bigger part in shaping the city's self-image than its connection to railroads and railroading – as a Midwestern rail hub and even more as home to theLima Locomotive Works, whose products for more than 70 years carried the city's name globally.

The firstlocomotive appeared inAllen County in 1854, brought in fromToledo as freight on theMiami and Erie Canal. Named the Lima, the engine was used on construction of the county's first railroad, theOhio and Indiana. East-west passenger service to Lima began in 1856, when the Ohio & Indiana consolidated with the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago. North-south passenger service began in 1858 on the Dayton & Michigan Railroad. Machine shops for the Dayton & Michigan were built in Lima by 1860, and for theLake Erie and Western Railroad by 1880. By the early years of the 20th century, the railroad shops employed 1,000 people in Lima.

In 1906, an average of 143 trains and 7,436 cars, carrying 223,080 tons of freight, passed through Lima every 24 hours. In addition, 49 steam and 28 electric trains landed passengers in Lima daily. Lima service on the electric interurban Ohio Western Railway began in 1902 and Lima became the hub of an interurban network that reachedToledo,Cleveland andCincinnati as well asFort Wayne, Indiana. In 1920, Lima was served by five steam railroads and Allen County by eight, in addition to five electric interurban lines.

For years, Lima was a crossroads for famous passenger trains including theNickel Plate Road'sClover LeafCommercial Traveler and theErie Railroad'sErie Limited andLake Cities. The Erie Railroad had its own train station. The other train companies used thePennsylvania station.Pennsylvania Railroad train such as theAdmiral,General, andManhattan Limited made stops in Lima's Pennsylvania station.^[20]

Railroads began to cut back passenger service to Lima during theGreat Depression. Electric interurban service ceased in 1937. After a brief boom for railroads during World War II, passenger service declined sharply in the 1950s. The Nickel Plate Road ended scheduled passenger service to Lima in 1959. The formerly eliteBroadway Limited began making stops in 1968 after theNew York Central and the Pennsylvania railroad merged to form thePenn Central. TheErie-Lackawanna ran its last train into Lima in 1970 and theBaltimore & Ohio and thePenn Central their last in 1971. Freight still moves over most of the historic rail routes in and out of the city, but the last passenger train to stop in Lima was theBroadway Limited, then operated byAmtrak, on November 11, 1990.

Currently, there are only a handful of railroads that serve Lima. The Chicago, Fort Wayne, and Eastern and the Indiana and Ohio railroad are owned byGenesee & Wyoming and are in the north and east parts of town.CSX Transportation runs through town frequently and theNorfolk Southern Railway has one train each day to Lima. TheR.J. Corman Railroad/Western Ohio Line runs southwest from town on formerErie-Lackawanna trackage.

TheLima Locomotive Works – "the Loco," as it was commonly called in Lima – had its beginnings in 1869 when John Carnes and four partners bought a machine shop that was called the Lima Agricultural Works. The company initially manufactured and repaired agricultural equipment, then moved into the production of steam power equipment andsawmill machinery. The shop designed its first narrow-gauge steam locomotive in 1878. The same year, the shop first worked on a geared locomotive designed byMichigan lumbermanEphraim Shay. TheShay locomotive was built for steep grades, heavy loads and tight turns. In 1881, Shay granted the Lima works an exclusive license to manufacture his locomotives. By 1882, locomotives were the company's main product. In time, the Lima Locomotive Works – a name formally adopted in 1916 – would produce 2,761 Shay locomotives, which were sent to 48 states and 24 foreign countries. As of 2005, some were in use 100 years after they were shipped.

By 1910, the company was moving aggressively into direct-drive locomotives for general railroad use. A new "super power" design, introduced in 1925, enabled Lima to capture 20% of the national market for locomotives. The "super power" locomotive was created by mechanical engineer William E. Woodard. Designed to make more efficient use ofsteam at high speed, it became, in the words of railroad historian Eric Hirsimaki, "one of the most influential locomotives in the history of steam power". Later years saw the introduction of theChesapeake and Ohio Railway 2-6-6-6, one of the largest locomotives ever built, and the glamorousSouthern Pacific "Daylights," designed to complement the Pacific Coast scenery.

The locomotive works dabbled in other product lines. It produced railroad cars in the early years and acquired the Ohio Power Shovel Company in 1928. During World War II, the plant produced 1,655Sherman tanks. Employment grew from 150 in the 1890s to 1,100 in 1912 and 2,000 in 1915, peaking at 4,300 in 1944. Over the course of its history, the Locomotive Works was a microcosm of the community, a place where each successive wave of newcomers took its place in turn. First the Germans and Italians, later African-Americans and ultimately women joining the work force during World War II. Labor organizing efforts were under way at the plant at least by the 1890s.

Post-war mergers attempting to keep the plant operating created the Lima-Hamilton Corporation in 1947 and laterBaldwin-Lima-Hamilton in 1950. The laststeam locomotive built at the plant, Nickel Plate No. 779, was delivered May 13, 1949. It is now on display in Lima's Lincoln Park. The final diesel locomotive, built by Lima-Hamilton, was delivered in 1951. After the end of locomotive production, the plant continued to produce cranes and road building equipment. The plant was sold to Clark Equipment in 1971. Clark employed 1,500 as late as 1974, but the plant closed permanently in 1981. As of 2006, the Lima Locomotive Works plant has been razed.

In January 1953, a committee composed of John LaRotonda, Ben Schultz, Dom Trovarelli and Fred Mills organized the Lima Symphony Orchestra. This committee selected Lawrence Burkhalter as the Symphony's first conductor and the LSO made its debut performance on May 23, 1954, in the Central High School auditorium.

Among the city's most distinctive residential neighborhoods, the "Golden Block" on the west side, was almost entirely demolished in the 1960s; only the MacDonell House, part of theAllen County Museum, and the YWCA survived.^[21] The YWCA would be demolished decades later, coming down in 2019.^[22] Today, the city includes twenty-four buildings and onehistoric district that are listed on theNational Register of Historic Places, including theAllen County Courthouse, thepost office, theBarr Hotel, theHotel Argonne, and theNeal Clothing Building.^[23]

Lima also is home to the Lima Warriors, a semi-proAmerican football team that plays in the Ohio Football League.UNOH andOSU Lima athletics, as well as various high school sports programs. Lima is also home to the collegiate summer baseball team, theLima Locos. Started in 2023, Lima is the home of the Ohio Extreme, a professional indoor soccer team that plays in theMLIS.

Harry J. Moyer was the mayor of Lima from 1974 to 1985 and council president the previous four years. According toTime magazine Moyer's campaign slogan in 1973 was "Let's get together and make Lima better — without any new taxes" and his "strategy is to merge public funds with private effort".^[24] Moyer was the city's second-longest-serving mayor and its first to serve three terms.^[25][26]

Moyer was defeated in a 1989 election by David J. Berger(D), who served as mayor from December 1989 to November 2021. Upon Berger's retirement in November 2021, his chief of staff, Sharetta Smith, was sworn in as mayor after winning her election earlier in the month.^[27]

On the federal level, Lima is located inOhio's 4th congressional district, which is represented byRepublicanJim Jordan.

Colleges in Lima include the privateUniversity of Northwestern Ohio, the public regional campusOhio State University at Lima, andJames A. Rhodes State College.

Secondary schools in Lima includeLima Senior High School, Apollo Career Center,Lima Central Catholic High School, Lima Christian Academy, andTemple Christian School.

Schools in the county's Board of Developmental Disabilities include The Center for Autism and Dyslexia, and Marimor School.

Lima is served by one daily newspaper,The Lima News. In addition to the immediateAllen County area, the paper serves residents inAuglaize,Hancock,Hardin,Logan,Mercer,Putnam,Shelby andVan Wert counties.

As of the 2016–2017 television season, Lima is ranked byNielsen Media Research as the second smallest television market in Ohio, ahead of onlyZanesville, and the 190th nationwide.^[28] The Lima area is served by four major broadcast stations, with three of those stations based in the city.WLIO 8 serves as itsNBC affiliate (withFox/MyNetworkTV onDT2), while low-powered sister stationWOHL-CD 35.1 operates as the market'sABC affiliate, withCBS on 35.2.WLMA 44 serves as a religious/family-entertainment station. The market'sPBS member station,WBGU-TV 27, is based out ofBowling Green State University and also serves as a secondaryPBS member station for the nearbyToledo market.CW viewers are served on cable by that network'sDayton affiliate,WBDT.^[29]

The Lima area is served by 22FM and 3AM radio stations.

Lima is at the intersection of OhioState Route 309 (the originalLincoln Highway) and state routes 65, 81 and 117.Interstate 75, which replacedU.S. Route 25, one of the routes of theDixie Highway passes on the eastern perimeter of Lima.U.S. Route 30 passes east–west a few miles north of Lima.

The first doctor in Allen County, Samuel Jacob Lewis, was assigned to duty at Fort Amanda in 1812.

Lima has been a regional medical center since its earliest days. Currently, the city's two hospitals serve a 10-county area of northwest and west central Ohio.St. Rita's Medical Center, a level 2 trauma center, with nearly 4,000 employees as of June 2006, is Allen County's largest employer whileLima Memorial Health System ranks third. In 2005, St. Rita's embarked on a $130 million expansion expected to create up to 500 more jobs, this new addition is known as "The Medical Center of the Future". In 2018 St. Rita's name was changed to Mercy Health St. Rita's Medical Center, after the company Mercy Health that had owned St. Rita's for a while now. This name change brought new signs and uniforms to the hospital. Almost immediately after the name change, Mercy Health was acquired by another company by the name of Bon Secours. This merge has brought no changes to the hospital though.

The Roman Catholic ChurchSisters of Mercy opened St. Rita's in December 1918, in the midst of a national (and global)influenza epidemic. The hospital saw major expansions 1945 and 1967. The hospital has also created satellite facilities in the surrounding towns ofOttawa,Delphos andWapakoneta. SRMC also houses a separate hospital with the walls of the main facility. This "interior" facility, "Triumph", was implemented to serve poverty-level citizens who are unable to afford continuing care otherwise. In July 2008, St. Rita's Medical Center purchased Lima Allen County Paramedics.^[30]

Lima Memorial Health System, formerly Lima Memorial Hospital, a level 2 trauma center, can trace its roots to 1899, when it began as Lima City Hospital. Formed by the Pastors Union of Lima, the 13-bed facility was the first community hospital in northwest Ohio. During theGreat Depression, the city of Lima helped to finance a larger hospital, which opened onMemorial Day 1933 on the city's east side. The region's first open-heart surgery was performed at Lima Memorial on April 22, 1997. In 1999, LMHS entered into a joint venture with Blanchard Valley Health Association ("BVHA") andProMedica Health System.^[31]

For decades, Lima also had two other hospitals with different missions. The Ottawa Valley Hospital, which opened in 1909 as the DistrictTuberculosis Hospital, was one of the first in the state dedicated to the treatment of tubercular patients. The hospital treated patients from seven to 90 years old, at a time when tuberculosis was nearly always fatal. The average stay was three to five years. As treatment improved, the hospital closed, though the building was used until 1973.^{[citation needed]}

The facility originally known as the Lima State Hospital for the Criminally Insane was situated on 628 acres (2.54 km²) three miles (5 km) north of downtown Lima. The hospital was constructed between 1908 and 1915. Built at a cost of $2.1 million, it was the largest poured-concrete structure in the country until supplanted by the Pentagon.^{[citation needed]} Patients sometimes staged dramatic protests against the conditions of their confinement, and frequently escaped (more than 300 escapes by 1978). Conditions improved significantly after 1974 as a result of a class-action lawsuit filed on behalf of the patients. In a landmark ruling, US District Judge Nicholas J. Walinski spelled out detailed requirements for assuring each patient's rights to "dignity, privacy and human care". In its last years, the state hospital was used for the filming of a made-for-television movie about theAttica Prison riots in New York.^{[citation needed]} Starting in 1982, Lima State Hospital became a medium-security prison, the Lima Correctional Institution. The prison closed in 2004, though a smaller prison on the site, the Allen Correctional Institution, remains.

Founded in 1906, theLima Rescue Mission offers support and daily necessities for unhoused and needy individuals in Lima and widerAllen County.

Musicalcomedy-drama television seriesGlee is set in the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima, although the show was filmed inLos Angeles. Lima was also the focus of the 1999 TV documentaryLost in Middle America (and What Happened Next) directed by Scott Craig.^[43]

The fictional killer of Buckwheat in 1983 episodes ofSaturday Night Live, John David Stutts, was reported to be from Lima, Ohio.^[44]

Lima's Sister Cities Association, formed in 1995,^[45] has one current sister city as designated bySister Cities International. There are also two other sister city projects in progress.^[46]

•  Harima, Hyōgo, Japan

• Carnes, John R. (ed.)The 1976 History of Allen County (1976)
• Hirsimaki, Eric.Lima: The History (1986)
• Hurricane, Chris.Lima: The Hood (2004)
• Hurt, R. Douglas.The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720–1830 (1996)
• Jacobs, T. K., Jr. "History of Transportation in Allen County" (1916)
• Kimcaid, Kim. "The Birth of Lima,"The Lima News, April 19, 2006, p D1
• Lackey, Mike. "Enduring Tales Hold Truths, Not Always Facts,"The Lima News, May 28, 2006, p. A2
• Lackey, Mike. "The Interurban System: Electric Trains Eased Rural Isolation,"The Lima News, Aug., 16, 2003, p A5
• Lackey, Mike. "Lima Engine Steaming Along after 100 Years,"The Lima News, August 26, 2005, p A2
• Lackey, Mike. "Echoes of Rail Resound: Lima Loco Helped Define a Town that Worked,"The Lima News, September 17, 1997, p B1
• History of Lima City Schools
• Lost in Middle America. David Crouse and Scott Craig. 57 mins. (1999)
• Miller, Charles C. and Dr. Samuel A. Baxter.History of Allen County, Ohio, and Representative Citizens (1906)
• Minutes of History. Allen County Historical Society, n.d.
• Rusler, William (ed.)A Standard History of Allen County, Ohio (1921)
• Schuck, Raymond F. "A Brief History of the Lima Locomotive Works" (1983)
• Smithsonian Institution.Handbook of North American Indians (1978)
• Stark, Marilyn R.A Pictorial History of Lima/Allen County (1993)
• Stark, Marilyn R. and Robert L. Townsend.The History and Purposes of Allen County Buildings, Institutions and Government (2000)
• History of St. Rita’s Medical Center
• Sugden, John.Bluejacket: Warrior of the Shawnee (2003)
• Swindell, Larry.Spencer Tracy: A Biography (1969)

• City website