Latakia (/lætəˈkiːə/;Arabic:ٱللَّاذْقِيَّة,romanized: al-Lādhqiyya;Syrian pronunciation:[el.laːdˈʔɪjje,-laːðˈqɪjja]) is the principal port city ofSyria and capital city of theLatakia Governorate located on theMediterranean coast. Historically, it has also been known asLaodicea in Syria orLaodicea ad Mare. In addition to serving as a port, the city is a significant manufacturing center for surrounding agricultural towns and villages. According to a 2023 estimate, the population of the city is 709,000,^[5] its population greatly increased as a result of the ongoingSyrian Civil War, which led to an influx ofinternally displaced persons from rebel held areas. It is the5th-largest city in Syria afterAleppo,Damascus,Homs andHama.Cape Apostolos Andreas, the north-eastern tip ofCyprus, is about 109 kilometres (68 mi) away.^[6]

Latakia ٱللَّاذْقِيَّة /ٱللَّاذِقِيَّة Lattaki
City
Downtown view The governor's palace Port of Latakia National Museum of Latakia Latakia Municipal Stadium Latakia Sports City
Seal
Nickname:  "Bride of the Mediterranean"[1]
Latakia Location of Latakia within Syria Show map of Syria Latakia Latakia (Eastern Mediterranean) Show map of Eastern Mediterranean Latakia Latakia (Asia) Show map of Asia
Coordinates:35°31′N35°47′E / 35.517°N 35.783°E /35.517; 35.783
Country	Syria
Governorate	Latakia Governorate
District	Latakia District
Subdistrict	Latakia Subdistrict
Founded	4th CenturyBC[3]
Founded by	KingSeleucus I Nicator
Named after	Laodice of Macedonia
Government
• Governor	Muhammad Othman[4][needs update]
Area
• Land	58 km2 (22 sq mi)
• Metro	108 km2 (42 sq mi)
Elevation	11 m (36 ft)
Population  (2023 Estimate)
• City	709,000[2]
• Metro	709,000
• Metro density	6,600/km2 (17,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Arabic:لاذقاني,romanized: Lādhqani
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Area code(s)	Country code: 963 City code: 41
Geocode	C3480
Climate	Csa
International airport	Latakia Airport
Website	eLatakia

Although the site of the city has been inhabited since the 2nd millennium BC, the city was founded as a Greek city in the 4th century BC under the rule of the GreekSeleucid Empire.^[3] Latakia was subsequently ruled by theRomans andByzantines, followed by theRashiduns,Ummayads andAbbasids during the 7th–10th centuries AD.Byzantine ruling groups frequently attacked the city, periodically recapturing it before losing it again to Arab powers, particularly theFatimids. Afterward, Latakia was ruled successively by theSeljuk Turks,Crusaders,Ayyubids,Mamluks, and theOttomans. FollowingWorld War I, Latakia was assigned to theFrench mandate of Syria, in which it served as the capital of the autonomous territory of theAlawites. This autonomous territory became theAlawite State in 1922, proclaiming its independence a number of times until reintegrating into Syria in 1944.^[7]

Like many GreekSeleucid cities, Latakia was named after a member of the ruling dynasty.^[8] It was first calledLaodikeia on the Coast (Greek:Λαοδίκεια ἡ Πάραλος) bySeleucus I Nicator in honor of his mother,Laodice. InLatin, its name becameLaodicea ad Mare. The original name survives in itsArabic form asal-Ladhiqiyyah (Arabic:اللاذقية), from which theFrenchLattaquié andEnglishLatakia (orLattakia) derive.^[8][9] To the Ottomans, it was known as Lazkiye.^[10]

The location of Latakia, theRas Ziyarahpromontory,^[11][12] has a long history of occupation. ThePhoenician city of Ramitha was located here.^[13]Stephanus of Byzantium writes that the city was named Ramitha (Ancient Greek:Ῥάμιθα), thenLeukê Aktê ("white coast") (Ancient Greek:Λευκὴ ἀκτή) and later Laodicea (Ancient Greek:Λαοδίκεια).^[14]

The city was described inStrabo'sGeographica:^[15]

It is a city most beautifully built, has a good harbour, and has territory which, besides its other good crops, abounds in wine. Now this city furnishes the most of the wine to the Alexandreians, since the whole of the mountain that lies above the city and is possessed by it is covered with vines almost as far as the summits. And while the summits are at a considerable distance from Lāŏdĭcḗa, sloping up gently and gradually from it, they tower above Apameia, extending up to a perpendicular height.

Pompey the Great conquered the city along with most of Syria in the 1st century BC, andJulius Caesar declared the city a "free polis." The Roman emperor Septimius Severus rewarded the city with the title of "Metropolis" in the 2nd century AD, exempted it of the empire's taxation, fortified the city, made it for a few years the capital ofRoman Syria and also built the city's famed Tetraporticus around the same time. Some Roman merchants moved to live in the city underAugustus, but the city was always culturally "Greek" influenced. Subsequently, aRoman road was built from southernAnatolia towardBerytus and Damascus, that greatly improved the commerce through the port of Laodicea.

The hereticApollinarius was bishop of Lāŏdĭcḗa in the 4th century. The city minted coins from an early date, but decreasing in importance after the cities of Alexandria and Antioch flourished in coin minting and overshadowed other cities.^[16]

The city was also famed for its wine produced around the port's hills which were exported to all the empire.

During the split of theRoman Empire, it belonged to theEastern Roman Empire. An earthquake damaged the city in 494, but the city was later reconstructed byJustinian I and made the capital of theEastern Roman province of Theodorias from 528 AD until Muslim conquest around 637 AD.

All of Syria, including the Roman province of Theodorias and its capital,Laodicea fell into Muslim rule after being attacked by a caliphate general, named'Ubadah ibn al-Samit during theMuslim conquest of Syria in the 7th century. The city was renamed al-Lādhiqīyah (اللَّاذِقِيَّة) and switched rule from theRashidun Caliphate, to theUmayyad Caliphate and finally to theAbbasid Caliphate in a span of 9 centuries, attached to the large province ofBilad Al-Sham (Greater Syria). Arab geographer,Al-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs).^[17]

TheMardaites controlled the region fromJebel Aqra to northernPalestine, including Latakia in 705. However, they later withdrew from the city after an agreement with the Umayyad caliphAl-Walid I. Afterwards, the Mardaites sacked it in 719, but it was rebuilt byUmar II. The city lost its importance due to its location on the border between theByzantine Empire and theAbbasid Caliphate from 750 to 968. The famous poetAl-Mutanabbi led a millenarian revolt at Latakia in 930.^[18] The Byzantine Empire recaptured the city in 970 byJohn I Tzimiskes, but it was lost to theFatimids in 980. TheBanu Munqidh managed to control the city until they were succeeded by theSeljuks during the reign ofMalik-Shah I in 1086, despite a brief Byzantine control in 1074. Later on,Guynemer of Boulogne raided the city on 19 August 1097, with 28 ships coming fromCyprus during theFirst Crusade. In 1098,Raymond of Saint-Gilles captured the city, with the Byzantine fleet presence; hence, the city became contested between the crusaders and the Byzantines who controlled Latakia andBaniyas in the meantime.^[19]

After failed efforts byBohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire in 1099, and a brief control of theGenoese fleet in 1101, the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command ofTancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of thePrincipality of Antioch.^[20] Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at theBattle of Harran in 1104, the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines led by AdmiralCantacuzenus,^[21] however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in 1108 with Bohemond promising to return Latakia to the Byzantine Empire by 1110 it was firmly under the control of the Principality of Antioch,^[22] as it was called "La Liche". In 1126, the cities of Latakia andJabala were the dowry of PrincessAlice, daughter of KingBaldwin II of Jerusalem, who later donated a house in Latakia to theKnights Hospitaller, which became their main base in the region. In April 1136, the city was sacked by Emir Sawar ibn Aytakin, governor ofAleppo, then it was struck by the1157 Hama earthquake and the1170 Syria earthquake.^[19]

This situation remained the same with the city serving as the primary port for the Principality until it was captured following asiege by theAyyubids, under the rule ofSaladin on 23 July 1188. By 1260, the crusaders recaptured the city, until they were defeated by theMamluks ofQalawun,^[23] on 20 April 1287.

In circa 1300, Arab geographeral-Dimashqi noted that Latakia had no running water and that trees were scarce, but the city's port was "a wonderful harbor... full of large ships".^[24] In 1332, the Moroccan travellerIbn Battuta visited Latakia in his journeys.^[25]

During the late 14th and 15th century,Venetians had a consul in Latakia, due to the trade of cotton and silk from Persia.^[26] The city which was in despair was rebuilt after a visit byQaitbay in 1477.

AnAlawite community was first established in Latakia by the missionary Abu Sa'id al-Tabarani (d. 1034) in the early 11th century. From then on it spread northward and into the coastal mountain range.^[27]

Latakia came under the Ottoman control after theBattle of Marj Dabiq in 1516. It had a population of about 1400–1700 in the 16th century.^[28] From the late 17th century onward it was ruled by the Ibn al-Matarji family, some of whose members would go on to become governors ofDamascus Eyalet.^[29] Under their leadership, and the development of the tobacco industry in the same period, the town developed rapidly in the 18th century. Several churches were rebuilt or restored and theAzm family of governors established several new foundations in the city. The British, French and Spanish established consulates in the city, so that by mid-century Latakia was serving as co-capital of the entire province (eyalet) ofTripoli, Lebanon.^[30]

In 1824, the Ottomans named Muhammad Paşa ibn Alman, a native of the area who was suspected of being anAlawite and a French sympathizer, governor of Latakia. He was killed in an urban revolt later that year that was inspired by the fundamentalist shaykh Muhammad al-Moghrabi.^[31] During the Egyptian occupation of Syria (1831–1841) there was a majorAlawite revolt (1834-1835) in both the town and the surrounding countryside.^[32]

In 1888, whenWilayat Beirut was established, Latakia became its northernmost town.^[33]

In the Ottoman period^[when?], the region of Latakia became predominantlyAlawi. TheTurkmen also consisted a significant minority. The city itself, however, contained significant numbers ofSunni and Christian inhabitants. The landlords in the countryside tended to be Sunni and Orthodox Christians, while the peasants were mostly Alawi. Like theDruzes, who also had a special status before the end of World War I, the Alawis had a strained relationship with the Ottoman overlords. In fact, they were not even given the status ofmillet, although they enjoyed relative autonomy.^[34]

In 1920, Latakia fell under the French mandate, under which the Alawite State was established. The state was named after the locally-dominant Alawites and became a Frenchmandate territory after World War I.^[35] TheFrench Mandate from theLeague of Nations began in 1920.^[36] The creation of the Alawite State, as well as the other states of Syria under the French Mandate, has often been interpreted as a "divide and rule" strategy by the French, who sought to undermine anti-colonial nationalist movements. The French justified the creation of the Alawite state by citing the "backwardness" of the mountain-dwellers, religiously distinct from the surrounding Sunni population; they claimed that the division protected the Alawi people from more-powerful Sunni majorities.^[37]

This division by the French administration in Syria did not stop Alawites such asSheikh Saleh al-Ali, who led theSyrian Revolt of 1919, in continuing to protest French rule. Saleh al-Ali coordinated with the leaders of other anti-French revolts in the country, including the revolt ofIbrahim Hananu in theAleppo countryside andSubhi Barakat's revolt inAntioch, but Saleh al-Ali's revolt was put down in 1921. A French court-martial in Latakia sentenced Shaykh Saleh to death in absentia and offered a reward of 100,000 francs for information on his whereabouts. After the French gave up trying to capturing Shaykh Saleh, a pardon was issued by GeneralHenri Gouraud.

The state became part of the Syrian Federation in 1922, but it left the federation again in 1924. In 1930, the Alawite State was renamed as the Government of Latakia, the only concession by the French to Arab nationalists until 1936.^[38] On 3 December 1936, it was decided that the Alawite state would be re-incorporated into Syria as a concession by the French to theNationalist Bloc, which was the ruling party of the semi-autonomous Syrian government; the decision went into effect in 1937.^[39]

There was a great deal of Alawite separatist sentiment in the region, but their political views could not be coordinated into a unified voice.^[40] There was also a great deal of factionalism amongst the Alawite tribes, and the Alawite State was incorporated into Syria with little organised resistance.^[38]

In 1942, the Latakia and Druze regions were returned to Syrian control, and by 1946, the French completely left Syria anda new independent government was created.

All but a few classical buildings had been destroyed by the modern era, often by earthquakes; those remaining include a Roman triumphal arch andCorinthian columns known as the Colonnade ofBacchus.^[41] However, important remains from the city at Roman and Hellenistic periods including full body statues, Roman funerary art, and column capitals that once belonged to the ancient city, now found in its national museum.^[42]

An extensive port project was proposed in 1948, and construction work began on thePort of Latakia in 1950, aided by aUS$6 million loan fromSaudi Arabia. By 1951, the first stage of its construction was completed, and the port handled an increasing amount of Syria's overseas trade.^[43]

In August 1957, 4,000 Egyptian troops landed in Latakia under orders fromGamal Abdel Nasser afterTurkish troops massed along the border with Syria, accusing it of harboringTurkish Communists.^[44]

A major highway linked Latakia with Aleppo and theEuphrates valley starting in 1968, supplemented by the completion of a railway line toHoms. The port became even more important after 1975 due to the troubled situation in Lebanon and the loss of Beirut and Tripoli as functioning ports.^[45]

In 1973, during theOctober War (Yom Kippur War), the navalBattle of Latakia betweenIsrael and Syria was fought just offshore from the city. The battle was the first to be fought usingmissiles andECM (electronic countermeasures).^[46]

On 2 September 1979 clashes broke out following the assassination of anAlawite religious leader in the city. The following day 2,000 paratroopers, commanded byRifaat al-Assad, were sent to restore order. In the violence that followed around forty people were killed including ten pilots from the Latakia air base.^[47]

In 1987, the city hosted thetenth round of theMediterranean Games, with the opening ceremony hosted byHafez al-Assad in theLatakia Sports City, a sports complex designed specifically to host the games. TheLatakia Sports City Stadium served as the main venue for the games.^[48]

In 1994, the city's population reached 303,000, with that number significantly rising to 383,786 by 2004.^[49] Although population assessment in recent years has become difficult due to the ongoing civil war, the city's population is estimated to have risen drastically in the 2010s due to the influx of refugees from the cities of Aleppo, Idlib and other cities which have been affected by the ongoing war.

During the Syrian Civil War, Latakia had been a site ofprotest activity since March 2011. The Syrian government claimed 12 were killed there in clashes in late March,^[50] leading to the deployment of the military to restrict movement into and out of the city. Hundreds of Syrians were reportedly arrested, and by late July, activists in Latakia were telling foreign media they feared a more violent crackdown was coming. Protests continued despite the increased security presence and arrests. Several civilians were allegedly killed in confrontations with security officers during this early period of the siege.^[51] On 13 August 2011, theSyrian Army andSyrian Navylaunched an operation where more than 20 tanks andAPCs rolled into the Alawi stronghold.^[52] The city was also attacked by the Syrian army on 14 August 2011. Activists claimed that 25 people died during the attack.^[53]

Latakia is the home of Russia's largest foreignSIGINT facility.^[54]Khmeimim Air Base is an airbase near Latakia converted to use by theRussian military in 2015.

Russian presidentVladimir Putin, accompanied by his Syrian counterpartBashar al-Assad visited theKhmeimim airbase, Russia's main military base in Syria, located just outside Latakia nearJableh on 11 December 2017.^[55] Declaring victory over ISIL, and announcing a partial military withdrawal from Syria, but with continuing Russian presence, as the Khmeimim airbase and theRussian naval facility in Tartus would still be operated by Russian forces.^[56]

On 7 December 2021,Israeli warplanes launched an airstrike attack on Latakia's port, damaging the port's facilities and setting several containers on fire.^[57] On December 28, the port was attacked again after Israeli forces launched severalprecision missiles targeting the port. The attack killed 2Syrian Army soldiers, destroyed several containers and set the port on fire for several hours.^[58][59]

On 9 December 2024, the day Assad was granted asylum in Moscow,^[60] the Russian news agencyTASS reported that the armed opposition had taken full control of Latakia Governorate but had not threatened the Russian military bases.^[61] During the night to 10 December theIsraeli Navy attacked Latakia port and sank 6Osa-class missile boats of theSyrian Navy.^[62]

Latakia is located 348 kilometres (216 mi) north-west of Damascus, 186 kilometres (116 mi) south-west from Aleppo, 186 kilometres (116 mi) north-west of Homs, and 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Tartus.^[63] Nearby towns and villages includeKasab to the north,Al-Haffah, Slinfah andQardaha to the east in theCoastal Mountain Range, and Jableh andBaniyas to the south.^[64]

Latakia is the capital of the Latakia Governorate, in western Syria, bordering Turkey to the north. The governorate has a reported area of either 2,297 square kilometres (887 sq mi)^[65] or 2,437 square kilometres (941 sq mi).^[66] Latakia is the administrative centre of theLatakia District that occupies the northern portion of the Latakia Governorate.

Nahr al-Kabir al-Shamali flows into theMediterranean Sea south of Latakia.

UnderKöppen's climate classification, Latakia has ahot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa)^[67] with warm, humid summers and cool, wet winters. Latakia's wettest months are December and January, where average precipitation is around 160 mm. The city's driest month, July, only has on average about 1 millimetre (0.04 in) of rain, despite being rather humid. Average high temperatures in the city range from around 16 °C (61 °F) in January to around 30 °C (86 °F) in August. Latakia on average receives around 760 millimetres (30 in) of rainfall annually.

One of the first censuses was in 1825, which recorded that there were 6,000–8,000 Muslims, 1,000Greek Orthodox Christians, 30Armenian Christians, 30Maronite Catholics, and 30Jews.^[76] At the beginning of the 20th century, Latakia had a population of roughly 7,000 inhabitants; however, theJournal of the Society of Arts recorded a population of 25,000 in 1905.^[73] In a 1992 estimate, Latakia had a population of 284,000,^[75] rising to 303,000 in the 1994 census.^[74] The city's population continued to rise, reaching an estimated 402,000 residents in 2002.^[77][78]

In 2010, Latakia City was 50% Sunni, 40% Alawite and 10% Christian;^[79] however, the rural hinterland has an Alawite majority of roughly 70%, with Sunni Muslims making up 14%,Christians making up 12%, andIsmailis representing the remaining 2%.^[80] The city serves as the capital of the Alawite population and is a major cultural center for the religion.^[77] Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, large numbers of Alawites from the area emigrated to the country's capital Damascus.^[81] Of the Christians, a sizableAntiochian Greek population exists in Latakia, and theirdiocese in the city has the largest congregation of theGreek Orthodox Church of Antioch.^[82][83][84] There is also anArmenian community of 3,500 in the city.^[84][85] The entire population speaks Arabic, mostly in theNorth Levantine dialect.^[86]

Within the city boundaries is the "unofficial"Latakia camp, established in 1956, which has a population of 6,354Palestinian refugees, mostly fromJaffa and theGalilee.^[87]

The Port of Latakia is the main seaport in Syria. It was established on 12 February 1950, and has boosted the city's importance ever since. The port's imported cargo includes clothing, construction materials, vehicles, furniture, minerals, tobacco, cotton, and food supplies such as lintels, onions, wheat, barley, dates, grains and figs, and in 2008, the port handled about 8 million tons of cargo.

The largest area of the port, with 43 hectares, is occupied by the container terminal. The storage capacity is 17,000 containers.^[88] Latakia was connected to six ferry lines toAlexandria (Egypt),İzmir (Turkey) andBeirut (Lebanon). It is not known whether the lines still exist in theSyrian civil war, which has been going on since 2011.

Themarina Latakia has 150 berths for ships up to a maximum length of 25 meters and 4 meters draught.^[89] TheSyrian Navy has one of its four bases in Latakia.

Latakia has an extensive agricultural hinterland. Exports include bitumen (asphalt), cereals,cotton, fruits, eggs, vegetable oil, pottery, andtobacco. Cotton ginning, vegetable-oil processing, tanning, andsponge fishing serve as local industries for the city.^[41]

The information in this section is based on potentially outdated sources, with the most recent source being published in 2004.

TheCote d'Azur Beach of Latakia is Syria's premier coastal resort, and offers water skiing, jet skiing, and windsurfing. The city contains eight hotels, two of which have five-star ratings; both the Cote d'Azur de Cham Hotel and Lé Meridien Lattiquie Hotel are located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the city, at Cote d'Azur. The latter hotel has 274 rooms and is the only international hotel in the city.^[90]

Compared to other Syrian cities, window shopping and evening strolls in the markets is considered a favorite pastime in Latakia. Numerous designer-label stores line 8 Azar Street, and the heart of the city's shopping area is the series of blocks enclosed by 8 Azar Street, Yarmouk Street, and Saad Zaghloul Street in the city center.Cinemas in Latakia include Ugarit Cinema, al-Kindi, and a smaller theater off al-Moutanabbi Street.^[91]

The Al-Mahabba Festival, which includes various entertainment programs such as competitions, art parties and archeological and tourist tours to the most important places in the city and is organized by the economic and commercial authorities in cooperation with the Al-Bustan charity organization, is held annually in the city.^[92]

TheNational Museum of Latakia was built in 1986 near the seafront of the city. It formerly housed the residence of the Governor of the Alawite State and was originally a 16th-century Ottomankhan ("caravansary") known as Khan al-Dukhan, meaning "TheKhan of Smoke", as it served the tobacco trade. Thekhan historically served not only as an inn, but also contained private residences.^[82] The exhibits include inscribed tablets fromUgarit, ancient jewellery, coins, figurines, ceramics, pottery, and early Arab and Crusader-erachain-mail suits and swords.^[93][94]

However, since the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, the museum had been temporarily closed, to protect the museum's exhibits from the trafficking and looting, which became common during recent years, that the Museums of Palmyra, Deir ez-Zor and Raqqa suffered from. However, the museum's gardens are still open to the public, and contain many column capitals, ornaments, funerary tombs and statues which still can be viewed by the public.

Latakia is the home city of three football clubs:Tishreen Sports Club was founded in 1947,^[95]Hutteen Sports Club was founded in 1945,^[96] andTadamon SC was founded in 1980. All teams are based in theal-Assad Stadium, which carries a capacity of 28,000 people. Just north of the city is the Latakia Sports City complex, which was built in 1987 to host the 1987 Mediterranean Games.^[97]

Latakia tobacco is a specially preparedtobacco originally produced in Syria and named after the port city of Latakia.^[98] Now the tobacco is mainly produced in Cyprus. It is cured over astone pine or oak wood fire, which gives it an intense smokey-peppery taste and smell. Rarely smoked straight, it is used as a "condiment" or "blender" (a basic tobacco mixed with other tobaccos to create a blend), especially in British, Balkan, and some American Classic blends.^[98]

Latakia University of was founded in May 1971, and later renamed Tishreen University ("October University") in 1976 to commemorate the October War of 1973. The university first had only 3 faculties, Literature, Science and Agriculture and only an enrollment of 983 students during its founding,^[99] but that number largely grew throughout the years to reach more than 70,000 students,^[99] making the Latakia University the 3rd largest in Syria, with the number of its faculties rising to 17, including Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Science, Nursing, Education, Agriculture, Law, History, Electrical and Technical Engineering and Arts, among others. The city also houses a branch of theArab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport.^[41]

One of the oldest schools in Latakia, a previous military barracks built during theMandate for Syria and the Lebanon is named after Jules Jammal, an Arab Christian military officer who blew himself up in a suicide attack on a French ship.^[100]

On 26 November 2016, Manara University, a private university, was founded under the patronage ofImad Khamis, thePrime Minister of Syria.^[101] Its faculties as of 2017 include Pharmacy and Health, Engineering and Business.^[102]

The modern city still exhibits faint traces of its former importance, notwithstanding the frequent earthquakes with which it has been visited. The marina is built upon foundations of ancient columns, and there are in the town an old gateway and other antiquities, as also sarcophagi and sepulchral caves in the neighbourhood. This gateway is a remarkable triumphal arch at the southeast corner of the town, almost entire: it is built with four entrances, like theForum Jani atRome. It is conjectured that this arch was built in honour ofLucius Verus, or of Septimius Severus.^[103] Fragments of Greek and Latin inscriptions are dispersed all over the ruins, but entirely defaced.^[104]

Notable points of interest in the nearby area include the massiveSaladin's Castle and the ruins of Ugarit, where some of the earliestalphabetic writings have been found. There are also several popular beaches. There are numerous mosques in Latakia, including the 13th-century Great Mosque and the 18th-century Jadid Mosque constructed by Suleiman Pasha Azem.^[82]

Latakia has consulates general ofFinland andFrance, and honorary consulates ofGreece^[105] andRomania.^[106]

The Syrian government operates three major public hospitals in Latakia, Al-Assad Hospital, the National Hospital and theLatakia University Hospital, with other private hospitals working for private gain. One of the famous hospitals is Bahrou Hospital.

Roads link Latakia to Aleppo,Beirut, Homs, andTripoli.^[41] The main commercial coastal road of the city is Jamal Abdel Nasser Street, named after former Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. Lined with hotels, restaurants and the city museum, the street begins in central Latakia along the Mediterranean coast and ends at Hitteen Square. From the square, it branches southwest into al-Maghreb al-Arabi Street,^[107] south into 8 Azar Street, which continues south to form Baghdad Avenue—the main north–south road^[108]—branching into Beirut Street and Nadim Hassan Street along the southern coastline. From the southern portion of Jamal Abdel Nasser Street branch off al-Yarmouk Street and al-Quds Street, the latter which ends at al-Yaman Square in western Latakia, it continues west into Abdel Qader al-Husseini Street. North from al-Yaman Square Souria Avenue and south of the square is al-Ourouba Street. Souria Avenue ends in al-Jumhouriah Square, then continues north as al-Jumhouriah Street.^[107]

Much of the city is accessible by taxi and other forms of public transportation. Buses transport people to various Syrian, Lebanese, and Turkish cities, includingAleppo,Damascus,Deir ez-Zor,Palmyra, Tripoli,Beirut,Safita,Homs,Hama,Antakya, andTartous. The "luxury" Garagat Pullman Bus Station is located on Abdel Qader al-Husseini Street, and at least a dozen private companies are based at the station. On the same street is the older Hob-Hob Bus Station that operates a "depart when full" basis to Damascus and Aleppo. Local microbuses run between al-Yaman Square and the city center, as well as between the station on al-Jalaa Street and the city center. There is also a microbus station with buses departing toQalaat Salah ed-Din, Qardaha, Kassab, and Jableh.^[91]

Latakia's railway station is located on al-Yaman Square.Chemins de Fer Syriens operated services, including two daily runs to Aleppo and one weekly run to Damascus via Tartous. In 2005, approximately 512,167 passengers departed from Latakia's railway station.^[109]

Latakia International Airport is located 25 kilometers (16 mi) south of Latakia and serves as a national and regional airport with regular flights toSharjah,Jeddah,Riyadh andCairo. The Port of Latakia is also a link in six organized cruises betweenAlexandria,İzmir and Beirut. In addition, there are irregular ferry services to Cyprus. In 2005, approximately 27,939 passengers used the port.^[109]

• Themison of Laodicea, founder of the Methodic school of medicine
• Philonides of Laodicea,Epicurean philosopher andmathematician
• Theodas of Laodicea,Pyrrhonist philosopher andphysician of theEmpiric school
• Apollinaris of Laodicea, bishop of laodicea
• Yusuf Yasin, journalist and politician who performed several roles in the Saudi government.
• A.R. Frank Wazzan, Dean, UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 1986–2001.
• Bassem Yakhour, actor
• Hanna Mina, novelist
• Maram al-Masri, poet
• Ziad Abdullah, film critic and author
• Yasmina Azhari, businesswoman
• Raoul Gregory Vitale، Syrian musicologist
• Ali Abdullah Ayyoub, Syrian Deputy Prime Minister
• Mustafa Hamsho, professional boxer
• Nadim Nassar, priest and founder ofAwareness Foundation
• Kevork Mardikian, former Syrian football midfielder of Armenian descent. He captained the Syrian national team between 1979 and 1985.
• Mardik Mardikian, Syrian professional footballer of Armenian descent

Latakia istwinned with:

• List of cities in Syria
• Timeline of Latakia
• Lake 16 Teshreen

• elatakia The First Complete website for Latakia news and services
• Latakia news and services(in Arabic)
• Latakia University(in English and Arabic)
• Audio interview with Latakia resident about life in Latakia
• Pictures from 2009
• "Latakia" .Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.