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Kenyapithecus

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Extinct genus of primates

This article is about Kenyapithecus wickeri. For Kenyapithecus africanus, seeEkembo nyanzae.

Kenyapithecus Temporal range: 14 Million years ago

Kenyapithecus wickeri teeth
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Family:	Hominidae
Genus:	†Kenyapithecus Leakey, 1961^[1]
Species:	†K. wickeri
Binomial name
†Kenyapithecus wickeri Leakey, 1961

Kenyapithecus wickeri is afossil ape discovered byLouis Leakey in 1961 at a site calledFort Ternan inKenya. Theupper jaw andteeth were dated to 14 million years ago.^[2] One theory states thatKenyapithecus may be the common ancestor of all thegreat apes. More recent investigations suggestKenyapithecus is more primitive than that and is only slightly more modern thanProconsul, which is considered to be an ape.

Evidence suggests thatKenyapithecus wickeri was one of the species that started a radiation of apes out ofAfrica.

Morphology

[edit]

Impressed byKenyapithecus's modern-looking teeth, Leakey declaredKenyapithecus to be "a very early ancestor of man himself."^[3]

Kenyapithecus possessed craniodentaladaptations for hard object feeding including thicker molarenamel, and a largemandible, largepremolars and upperincisors that are similar to those seen in livingpitheciine monkeys.^[4]Kenyapithecus also possessed macaque-likelimbs adapted for aknuckle-walking mode of semi-terrestriallocomotion.^[5] This could show that ashominins evolved, they passed through a knuckle-walking phase.

Kenyapithecus wickeri has very distinct features, especially details in thecanine teeth and is similar to modern apes.

References

[edit]

^Ward, S.C. and Duren, D. L. (2002) "Middle and Late Miocene African Hominoids". In Hartwig, W.C. ed. The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press
^L. S. B. Leakey:A new Lower Pliocene fossil primate from Kenya. In:The Annals & Magazine of Natural History, Vol. 4, Series 13, 1961, pp. 689–696
^Carl Zimmer: "Kenyan Skeleton Shakes Ape Family Tree". In:Science, August 27, 1999: Vol. 285. no. 5432, pp. 1335-1337
^Fleagle, J. G. (2013)Primate Adaptation and Evolution. Elsevier Academic Press
^McCrossin ML, Benefit, BR Gitau, SN Palmer, AK Blue, KT. (1998)Fossil evidence for the origins of terrestriality among Old World higher primates. Primate locomotion: recent advances. New York: Plenum Press. p 353-396

Haplorhini

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates

Haplorhini

†"Omomyidae"

Altanius? Altiatlasius? Bownomomys Kohatius
Microchoerinae	Indusomys Melaneremia Microchoerus Nannopithex Necrolemur Paraloris Pseudoloris Quercyloris Vectipithex
"Anaptomorphinae"	Absarokius Anaptomorphus Anemorhysis Arapahovius Aycrossia Chlororhysis Gazinius Pseudotetonius Sphacorhysis Strigorhysis Tatmanius Teilhardina Tetonius Tetonoides Trogolemur Walshina
"Omomyinae"	Ageitodendron Asiomomys Brontomomys Chipetaia Chumashius Diablomomys Dyseolemur Ekwiiyemakius Gunnelltarsius Hemiacodon Jemezius Loveina Macrotarsius Nesomomys Omomys Ourayia Rooneyia Shoshonius Steinius Stockia Uintanius Utahia Washakius Wyomomys Yaquius
Tarkadectinae	Tarka Tarkadectes Tarkops

Tarsiiformes

†Archicebus †Afrotarsiidae? †"Omomyidae"?
Tarsiidae	Carlito Cephalopachus †Hesperotarsius †Oligotarsius Tarsius †Xanthorhysis?

Simiiformes

- see below↓

Simiiformes

†Afrotarsiidae?

Afrasia
Afrotarsius

†Eosimiidae

†Amphipithecidae

†Parapithecoidea

Arsinoea Biretia
Proteopithecidae	Proteopithecus Serapia
Parapithecidae	Abuqatrania Apidium Parapithecus Qatrania Ucayalipithecus

Platyrrhini

†Parvimico †Perupithecus †Szalatavus †Canaanimico †Branisella †Lagonimico
Aotidae	Aotus †Tremacebus
Pitheciidae	†Antillothrix Cacajao Callicebus †Carlocebus †Cebupithecia Cheracebus Chiropotes †Homunculus †Insulacebus †Mazzonicebus †Miocallicebus †Nuciruptor Pithecia Plecturocebus †Proteropithecia †Soriacebus †Xenothrix
Atelidae	Alouatta Ateles Brachyteles †Caipora †Cartelles †Chilecebus Lagothrix †Mohanamico Oreonax †Paralouatta †Protopithecus †Solimoea †Stirtonia
Cebidae	†Acrecebus Cebus †Dolichocebus †Killikaike †Panamacebus †Patasola Saimiri Sapajus
Callitrichidae	Callimico Callithrix Cebuella Leontocebus Leontopithecus Mico †Micodon Saguinus

Catarrhini	see below↓

Catarrhini

†Micropithecus
†Saadanius

†Oligopithecidae

†Propliopithecidae

†Pliopithecoidea

Krishnapithecus Paidopithex †Kapi
Pliopithecidae	Epipliopithecus Pliopithecus
Dionysopithecidae	Dionysopithecus Platodontopithecus
Crouzeliidae	Anapithecus Barberapithecus Crouzelia Egarapithecus Fanchangia Laccopithecus Plesiopliopithecus Pliobates

Cercopithecoidea

†Alophe

†Victoriapithecidae

Colobinae

Cercopithecinae

Cercopithecini	Allenopithecus Allochrocebus Cercopithecus Chlorocebus Erythrocebus Miopithecus †Nanopithecus
Papionini	Cercocebus †Dinopithecus †Gorgopithecus Lophocebus Macaca Mandrillus Papio †Paradolichopithecus †Parapapio †Pliopapio †Procercocebus †Procynocephalus Rungwecebus †Soromandrillus Theropithecus

Hominoidea	see below↓

Hominoidea

†Afropithecus †Ekembo †Equatorius †Griphopithecus †Kamoyapithecus? †Kenyapithecus †Morotopithecus †Nacholapithecus †Otavipithecus †Proconsul †Samburupithecus
†Dendropithecidae	Dendropithecus Micropithecus? Nyanzapithecus Oreopithecus? Rangwapithecus Rukwapithecus Simiolus Turkanapithecus
Hylobatidae	†Bunopithecus Hoolock Hylobates †Junzi Nomascus Symphalangus †Yuanmoupithecus

Hominidae

†Buronius †Graecopithecus †Nakalipithecus †Ouranopithecus
Ponginae	†Ankarapithecus †Gigantopithecus †Indopithecus †Khoratpithecus †Lufengpithecus †Meganthropus Pongo †Sivapithecus

Pan
Hominina	†Ardipithecus? †Australopithecus †Graecopithecus? Homo †Kenyanthropus †Orrorin? †Sahelanthropus? †Paranthropus

Taxon identifiers
Kenyapithecus	Wikidata:Q133165 Wikispecies:Kenyapithecus EoL:4454569 GBIF:4827692 IRMNG:1065420 Open Tree of Life:3607703 Paleobiology Database:100574
Kenyapithecus wickeri	Wikidata:Q14505128 GBIF:4974708 Open Tree of Life:3607702 Paleobiology Database:133716

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References