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Juliusz Kossak

Juliusz Fortunat Kossak (15 December 1824 – 3 February 1899) was a Polishhistorical painter and masterillustrator who specialized in battle scenes, military portraits andhorses. He was theprogenitor of an artistic family that spanned four generations,[1][2] father of painterWojciech Kossak and grandfather of painterJerzy Kossak.[3]

Juliusz Kossak
Juliusz Kossak, before 1899
Born
Juliusz Fortunat Kossak

15 December 1824
Died3 February 1899(1899-02-03) (aged 74)
NationalityPolish
Known forPainting,drawing
MovementHistory painting; battle scenes, military portraits and horses.
Juliusz Kossak,The Relief ofSmolensk by Polish forces during thePolish–Muscovite War (1605–18). The painting reflects a historic period when Poles could face Russians on equal terms, unlike their subservient position in the painter's lifetime.Watercolor.

Life

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Juliusz Kossak, byWyczółkowski

Juliusz Kossak grew up inLwów Poland. He obtained a degree in law at theLwów University encouraged by his mother. At the same time he studied painting with Jan Maszkowski andPiotr Michałowski.[1] Beginning in 1844 Kossak worked on commissions for the local aristocracy inMałopolska,Podolia andWolyn.[4] He married Zofia Gałczyńska in 1855 and together they left forParis where they spent five years. His sons were born there, the twin brothers: Wojciech and Tadeusz (on New Year's Eve 1856–1857) and the younger Stefan in 1858. The family came toWarsaw in 1860 where Kossak obtained a position as the head illustrator and engraver forTygodnik Illustrowany magazine. They moved toMunich for a year and in 1868 settled inKraków blessed with five children already. Kossak bought a small estate there, known asKossakówka, famed for artistic and literarysalon frequented byAdam Asnyk,Henryk Sienkiewicz,Stanisław Witkiewicz,Józef Chełmoński and many others. Juliusz Kossak lived and worked there till the end of his life. In 1880 he was awarded the Cross of Order of Merit byEmperor Franz Joseph ofAustria-Hungary for his lifetime achievements as an artist.

Work

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Kossak exhibited his work on Polish soil and abroad since 1854. His preferred medium was watercolour, both in smaller and larger formats. He was the precursor of a Polish school of battle-scene painting, with his main subject matter revolving around what was of great concern to Poles opposing the military occupation of their country. He was the author of over a dozenpanoramic paintings depicting Polish cavalry in battle and on military actions against foreign invaders.

Kossak produced also a series of portraits in oil for Polish noble families includingFredro,Gniewosz,Tyszkiewicz,Lipski andMorstin clan. His rustic and pastoral scenes included horse fairs, country weddings, winter hunting excursions, mythological scenes and horse stables. He also produces a series of illustrations of Polish epic literature such asPan Tadeusz byAdam Mickiewicz, novels ofHenryk Sienkiewicz, works byWincenty Pol,Jan Chryzostom Pasek and others. He designed various honorary medals for Kraków foundries.

Gallery

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Bibliography

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See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toJuliusz Kossak.

References

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  1. ^abIrena Kossowska, Art Institute of thePolish Academy of Sciences (Instytut Sztuki Polskiej Akademii Nauk),"Sylwetki, sztuki wizualne: JULIUSZ KOSSAK" January 2005
  2. ^See list of Juliusz Kossak's descendants at "Kossak family", including second-, third- and fourth-generation painters, with links to individual articles.
  3. ^Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki,Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945 See: Kossak, Juliusz and Wojciech; Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, 750 pages,ISBN 0-313-26007-9,ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0
  4. ^Artfact LLC Fine Art Auctions.About Juliusz Kossak, Biography Artfact 1986–2009
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