Israel Prize

TheIsrael Prize (Hebrew:פרס ישראל;pras israél) is an award bestowed by theState of Israel, and regarded as the state's highest cultural honor.^[1]

Israel Prize

Awarded for	Excellence in their field(s), or important contribution to Israeli culture and society
Country	Israel
Presented by	State of Israel
First award	1953; 72 years ago (1953)
Website	cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/UNITS/PrasIsrael

History

edit

Prior to the Israel Prize, the most significant award in the arts was theDizengoff Prize and inliterature theBialik Prize. awarded by theTel Aviv municipality annually since 1930s.^[2]^[3]

The Israel Prize is awarded annually, onIsraeli Independence Day, in a state ceremony inJerusalem, in the presence of thePresident, thePrime Minister, theSpeaker of theKnesset (Israel's legislature), and theSupreme Court President. The prize was established in 1953 at the initiative of theMinister of Education Ben-Zion Dinor,^[4] who himself went on to win the prize in 1958 and 1973.^[5]

Awarding the prize

edit

The prize is awarded in the following four areas, with the precise subfields changing from year to year in a cycle of 4 to 7 years, except for the last area, which is awarded annually:

thehumanities,social sciences, andJewish studies
life and exact sciences
culture, arts, communication and sports
lifetime achievement and exceptional contribution to the nation (since 1972)

The recipients of the prize are Israeli citizens or organizations who have displayed excellence in their field(s) or have contributed strongly toIsraeli culture. The winners are selected by committees of judges, who pass on their recommendations to the Minister of Education. Prize winners are elected by ad-hoc committees, appointed by the minister of education for each category each year. The decisions of the committee must be unanimous. The prize money was NIS 75,000 as of 2008.

Recipients

edit

Main article:List of Israel Prize recipients

Prominent winners includeShmuel Yosef Agnon,Martin Buber,Abba Eban,A. B. Yehoshua,Israel Aumann,Golda Meir,Amos Oz,Ephraim Kishon,Naomi Shemer,David Benvenisti,Leah Goldberg (posthumously) andTeddy Kollek, and organizations such asIsrael Philharmonic Orchestra,Jewish Agency,Yad Vashem andJewish National Fund. Though the prize is generally awarded to Israeli citizens only, in exceptional cases it can be awarded to non-Israelis who have held Israeli residency for many years.Zubin Mehta received a special award of the Israel Prize in 1991. Mehta is originally from India and was music advisor and later the music director of theIsrael Philharmonic Orchestra for 50 years until his retirement in 2019.

Controversy

edit

The decision to award the prize to specific individuals has sometimes led to impassioned political debate. In 1993, the opposition of then Prime MinisterYitzhak Rabin to the nomination ofYeshayahu Leibowitz led Leibowitz to decline the prize.^[6] In 2004, Education and Culture MinisterLimor Livnat, sent the decision to award the prize to the sculptorYigal Tumarkin back to the prize committee. The decision was brought before theSupreme Court of Israel in the case of publicist Shmuel Shnitzer,^[7] politicianShulamit Aloni, professorZeev Sternhell^[7] andMaccabi Tel Aviv basketball club chairmanShimon Mizrahi.^[7]

In February 2015, Prime MinisterBenyamin Netanyahu vetoed the appointment of two members of the selection panel for the Israel Prize in Literature, prompting the other three members, includingZiva Ben-Porat, to resign in protest.^[8] Netanyahu explained that "[t]oo often, it seemed that the extreme panel members were bestowing the prizes on their friends".^[9] One of the prize candidates Yigal Schwartz ofBen-Gurion University of the Negev withdrew his nomination and called on other candidates to do the same.^[9] Over the next few days, members of the committees for the literary research and film prizes also resigned, leaving only two members of the original 13, and many other candidates withdrew their nominations.^[10]David Grossman withdrew his candidature saying that "Netanyahu's move is a cynical and destructive ploy that violates the freedom of spirit, thought and creativity of Israel and I refuse to cooperate with it".^[10]

In August 2021 theSupreme Court of Israel unanimously overturned a decision in June by former Education MinisterYoav Gallant to overrule the award of the Israel Prize in mathematics and computer science toOded Goldreich because of Goldreich's stated views on theoccupied territories. Attorney GeneralAvichai Mendelblit had refused to defend in court Gallant's withholding of the prize, which Mendelblit said "deviated from the range of reasonableness and was not legal." The court's majority opinion ruled thatYifat Shasha-Biton, Gallant's successor as Education Minister, should decide whether to award the prize to Goldreich, while a minority opinion called for Goldreich to receive it without further review.^[11] In November 2021, Shasha-Biton announced that she would block Goldreich from receiving the prize.^[12] In an editorial, theJerusalem Post wrote that Goldreich's "[c]alling for the boycott of professional colleagues ... is a red line that shouldn't be crossed".^[13] AHaaretz editorial said that Shasha-Biton's decision meant "the most prestigious prize awarded by Israel will not be the mark of scientific excellence but of loyalty to the government".^[14] The Supreme Court eventually ruled in Goldreich's favour and he received the prize.

In 2024, Education Minister,Yoav Kish announced that the traditional Israel Prize will not be awarded in 2024, and instead–because of theOct. 7th massacre–there will be a single category of awards, recognizing Civil Heroism and Mutual Responsibility. The decision caused a lot of resistance, especially since it was seen as a way to avoid giving the prize toEyal Waldman, an Israeli activist whose daughter was murdered byHamas. Following a petition to theHigh Court of Israel, and the refusal of theAttorney General to defend Minister Kish in front of the Court, the decision was reversed, and the awards and the ceremony were conducted as usual.