Irish Catholics (Irish:Caitlicigh na hÉireann) are anethnoreligious group native toIreland^[12][13] whose members are bothCatholic andIrish. Thediaspora and the descendants of Irish Catholics includes millions ofAmericans^[14]Australians.^[15][16][17] In countries like the United States and Australia, many Catholics descend from Irish immigrants/migrants who passed down their faith.

Irish Catholics

Celtic cross
Total population
4.6 million (Ireland) 55-60 million (notably inCanada and theEastern andCentral United States)
Regions with significant populations
Republic of Ireland	4,000,000
Northern Ireland	750,000
United States	~20,000,000[1][2]
Canada	5,000,000[3]
United Kingdom	370,000[4]
Australia	7,000,000[5][6]
Argentina	500,000-1,000,000[7][8]
New Zealand (especially high concentration inTe Tai Poutini)[9]	600,000[10]
France	15,000[11]
Languages
English (Irish,American,Canadian,British,Australian andNew Zealander),Irish (primarily Ireland),Spanish (Argentine andMexican) andFrench (Canadian French,Metropolitan French)
Religion
Catholic Christianity
Related ethnic groups
Irish people,Irish diaspora,Irish Travellers,Irish Americans,Irish Canadians,Irish Australians,Irish New Zealanders,Irish Britons,Irish Argentines,Irish Mexicans,Irish French

Divisions between IrishRoman Catholics andIrish Protestants played a major role in thehistory of Ireland from the 16th century to the 20th century, especially duringCromwell's conquest of Ireland,Home Rule Crisis andthe Troubles. While religion broadly marks the delineation of these divisions, the contentions were primarily political and they were also related to access to power. For example, while the majority of Irish Catholics had an identity which was independent from Britain's identity and were excluded from power because they were Catholic, a number of the instigators of rebellions against British rule were actuallyProtestant Irish nationalists, although most Irish Protestants opposed separatism. In theIrish Rebellion of 1798, Catholics andPresbyterians, who were not part of theestablishedChurch of Ireland, found common cause.

Irish Catholics are found in many countries around the world, especially in theAnglosphere. Emigration exponentially increased due to theGreat Famine which lasted from 1845 to 1852. In theUnited States,anti-Irish sentiment andanti-Catholicism was espoused by theKnow Nothing movement of the 1850s and other 19th-century anti-Catholic and anti-Irish organizations. By the 20th century, Irish Catholics were well established in the United States and today they are fully-integrated into mainstream American society with two Irish Catholic Presidents,John F. Kennedy andJoe Biden, having been elected.

• Catholic Church in Ireland
• Celtic Christianity
• Cultural Christians
• Irish Americans
  • Scotch-Irish Americans
• Irish Britons
  • Irish Scots
• Irish Canadians
  • Irish Newfoundlanders
  • Irish Quebecers
• Irish Australians
• Irish New Zealanders
• Irreligion in the Republic of Ireland
• Penal Laws
• Religion in Northern Ireland
• Religion in the Republic of Ireland
• Saint Patrick's Day
• Ulster Protestants
• Ulster Scots people

• ISBN 0-8132-0896-3
• ISBN 978-0-8132-0896-1

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• Anbinder, Tyler, "Moving beyond 'Rags to Riches': New York's Irish Famine Immigrants and Their Surprising Savings Accounts,"Journal of American History 99 (December 2012), 741–70.
• Barr, Colin (2020).Ireland's Empire: The Roman Catholic Church in the English-Speaking World, 1829–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 9781139644327
• Bayor, Ronald; Meagher, Timothy (eds.) (1997)The New York Irish. Baltimore: University of Johns Hopkins Press.ISBN 0-8018-5764-3
• Blessing, Patrick J. (1992).The Irish in America: A Guide to the Literature and the Manuscript Editions. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.ISBN 0-8132-0731-2
• Clark, Dennis (1982).The Irish in Philadelphia: Ten Generations of Urban Experience (2nd Ed.). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.ISBN 0-87722-227-4
• English, T. J. (2005).Paddy Whacked: The Untold Story of the Irish American Gangster. New York: ReganBooks.ISBN 0-06-059002-5
• Ebest, Ron. "The Irish Catholic Schooling of James T. Farrell, 1914–23."Éire-Ireland 30.4 (1995): 18-32excerpt.
• Erie, Steven P. (1988).Rainbow's End: Irish-Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics, 1840—1985. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.ISBN 0-520-07183-2
• Fanning, Charles, and Ellen Skerrett. "James T. Farrell and Washington Park: The Novel as Social History."Chicago History 8 (1979): 80–91.
• French, John. "Irish-American Identity, Memory, and Americanism During the Eras of the Civil War and First World War." (PhD Dissertation, Marquette University, 2012).Online
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• Jensen, Richard. (2002) "'No Irish Need Apply': A Myth of Victimization".Journal of Social History 36.2 pp. 405–429onlineArchived 2005-02-08 at theWayback Machine
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• Kenny, Kevin (2000).The American Irish: A History. New York: Longman, 2000.ISBN 978-0582278172
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• McKelvey, Blake. "The Irish in Rochester An Historical Retrospect."Rochester History 19: 1–16.online, on Rochester New York
• Meagher, Timothy J. (2000).Inventing Irish America: Generation, Class, and Ethnic Identity in a New England City, 1880–1928. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.ISBN 0-268-03154-1
• Mitchell, Brian C. (2006).The Paddy Camps: The Irish of Lowell, 1821–61. Champaign, Illinois:University of Illinois Press.ISBN 0-252-07338-X
• Mulrooney, Margaret M. (ed.) (2003).Fleeing the Famine: North America and Irish Refugees, 1845–1851. New York: Praeger Publishers.ISBN 0-275-97670-X
• Noble, Dale T. (1986).Paddy and the Republic: Ethnicity and Nationality in Antebellum America. Middleton, Connecticut:Wesleyan University Press.ISBN 0-8195-6167-3
• O'Connor, Thomas H. (1995).The Boston Irish: A Political History. Old Saybrook, Connecticut: Konecky & Konecky.ISBN 978-1-56852-620-1
• O'Donnell, L. A. (1997).Irish Voice and Organized Labor in America: A Biographical Study. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
• Rogers, James Silas and Matthew J O'Brien, eds.After the Flood: Irish America, 1945–1960 (2009), Specialized essays by scholars
• Sim, David. (2013)A Union Forever: The Irish Question and US Foreign Relations in the Victorian Age (Cornell University Press, 2013)
• The Irish Cultural, Political, Social, and Religious Heritages
• Ireland: The Rise of Irish Nationalism, 1801–1850
• Emigrants and Immigrants
• Communities in Conflict: American Nativists and Irish Catholics
• Irish-American Politics
• Irish America and the Course of Irish Nationalism
• From Ghetto to Suburbs: From Someplace to Noplace?
• Endnotes

• Library of CongressArchived 2011-08-18 at theWayback Machine
• The Irish Catholic Diaspora in America, describes the bookISBN 0-8132-0896-3
• On Irish Catholics of Australia