TheInternational Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) is a guide to the rules and regulations for namingcultigens, plants whose origin or selection is primarily due to intentional human activity.[1] It is also known asCultivated Plant Code. Cultigens under the purview of the ICNCP includecultivars, Groups (cultivar groups), andgrexes. All organisms traditionally considered to be plants (includingalgae andfungi) are included.[2]Taxa that receive a name under theICNCP will also be included within taxa named under theInternational Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants,[3] for example, a cultivar is a member of aspecies.
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| Editors | Christopher D. Brickell, Crinan Alexander, Janet J. Cubey, John C. David, Marco H.A. Hoffman, Alan C. Leslie, Valéry Malécot, Xiaobai Jin, et al. |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
Release number | 9 |
| Subject | Cultivated plant taxonomy |
| Published | International Society for Horticultural Science(June 2016) |
| Publication place | The Netherlands |
| Media type | |
| Pages | 190 |
| ISBN | 978-94-6261-116-0(9th ed.) |
| Preceded by | 8th edition(October 2009) |
| Website | www |
Brief history
editThe first edition of theICNCP, which was agreed in 1952 inWageningen and published in 1953, has been followed by seven subsequent editions – in 1958 (Utrecht), 1961 (update of 1958), 1969 (Edinburgh), 1980 (Seattle), 1995 (Edinburgh), 2004 (Toronto) and 2009 (Wageningen).[4] The ninth (most recent) edition was published in 2016 (Beijing).[5]
William Stearn has outlined the origins ofICNCP, tracing it back to the International Horticultural Congress of Brussels in 1864, when a letter fromAlphonse de Candolle toEdouard Morren was tabled. This set out de Candolle's view that Latin names should be reserved for species and varieties found in the wild, with non-Latin or "fancy" names used for garden forms.Karl Koch supported this position at the 1865 International Botanical and Horticultural Congress and at the 1866 International Botanical Congress, where he suggested that future congresses should deal with nomenclatural matters. De Candolle, who had a legal background, drew up theLois de la Nomenclature botanique (rules of botanical nomenclature). When adopted by the International Botanical Congress of Paris in 1867, this became the first version of today'sInternational Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN).[6][7]
Article 40 of theLois de la Nomenclature botanique dealt with the names of plants of horticultural origin:
Among cultivated plants, seedlings, crosses [métis] of uncertain origin and sports, receive fancy names in common language, as distinct as possible from the Latin names of species or varieties. When they can be traced back to a botanical species, subspecies or variety, this is indicated by a sequence of names (Pelargonium zonaleMistress-Pollock).[a]
This Article survived redrafting of theInternational Rules of Botanical Nomenclature until 1935 and its core sentiments remain in the present-dayICNCP of 2009.
The first version (1953) was published by the Royal Horticultural Society as a 29-page booklet, edited byWilliam Stearn.[9] Following the structure of theBotanical Code, theICNCP is set out in the form of an initial set of Principles followed by Rules and Recommendations that are subdivided into Articles. Amendments to theICNCP are prompted by international symposia for cultivated plant taxonomy which allow for rulings made by the International Commission on the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants. Each new version includes a summary of the changes made to the previous version; the changes have also been summarised for the period 1953 to 1995.[10]
Name examples
editTheICNCP operates within the framework of theInternational Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants which regulates the scientific names of plants. The following are some examples of names governed by theICNCP:
- Clematis alpina 'Ruby': acultivar within aspecies; the cultivar epithet is in single quotes and capitalized.
- Magnolia 'Elizabeth': a selected clone (cultivar) among a pool ofhybrids between two species,Magnolia acuminata (cucumbertree) andMagnolia denudata (Yulan magnolia).
- Rhododendron boothii Mishmiense Group: acultivar group name; both the name of the cultivar group and the word "Group" are capitalized and not enclosed in quotes.
- Paphiopedilum Maudiae 'The Queen': a combination ofgrex name and cultivar name; the name of the grex is capitalized, and may be followed by a clonal (cultivar) name such as 'The Queen' in this case.Paphiopedilum Maudiae is a hybrid betweenPaphiopedilum callosum andPaphiopedilum lawrenceanum. 'The Queen' is a selected clone (cultivar).
- Apple 'Jonathan': permitted use of an unambiguous common name with a cultivar epithet.
- +Crataegomespilus: a graft-chimera ofCrataegus andMespilus
Note that theICNCP does not regulate trademarks for plants: trademarks are regulated by the law of the land involved. Nor does theICNCP regulate the naming ofplant varieties in the legal sense of that term.
Trade designations
editMany plants have "selling names" or "marketing names" as well as a cultivar name; theICNCP refers to these as "trade designations". Only the cultivar name is governed by theICNCP. It is required to be unique; in accordance with the principle of priority, it will be the first name that is published or that is registered by the discoverer or breeder of the cultivar.[11] Trade designations are not regulated by theICNCP;[12] they may be different in different countries. Thus the German rose breederReimer Kordes registered a white rose in 1958 as the cultivar 'KORbin'. This is sold in the United Kingdom under the selling name "Iceberg", in France as "Fée des Neiges" and in Germany as "Schneewittchen".[13]
Trade designations are not enclosed in single quotes. TheICNCP states that "trade designations must always be distinguished typographically from cultivar, Group and grex epithets."[14] It uses small capitals for this purpose, thusSyringa vulgarisLudwig Spaeth (trade designation) is distinguished fromS. vulgaris 'Andenken an Ludwig Späth' (cultivar name).[15] Other sources, including theRoyal Horticultural Society, instead use a different font for selling names, e.g.RosaIceberg 'KORbin'.[13]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^"Dans les plantes cultivées, les semis, les métis d'origin obscure et lessports, reçoivent des noms de fantaisie, en langue vulgaire, aussi différents que possible des noms latins d'espèces ou de variétés. Quand on peut les rattacher à une espèce, à une sous espèce ou une variété botanique, on l'indique par la succession des noms (Pelargonium zonaleMistress-Pollock)."[8] In the modern style the species name would be italicized and the cultivar name (fancy name) put in quotes, e.g.Pelargonium zonale 'Mistress Pollock'.
References
edit- ^Spencer & Cross (2007)
- ^Brickell (2009, p. xi), Preface
- ^Brickell (2009, p. 5), Article 1.2
- ^Brickell (2009)
- ^Brickell (2016)
- ^Stearn (1952)
- ^Stearn (1952a)
- ^de Candolle (1867, p. 24)
- ^Brickell (2009, p. xix), Previous editions
- ^Trehane (2004, pp. 17–27)
- ^Brickell (2009, p. 3), Principle 3
- ^Brickell (2009, p. 4), Principle 6
- ^abBeales (2011, p. 41)
- ^Brickell (2009, p. 21), Article 17.3
- ^Brickell (2009, p. 17)
Bibliography
edit- Beales, Peter (October 2011). "Last of the Roses".The Garden.136 (10).
- Brickell, C.D.; et al., eds. (2009)."International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants"(PDF).Scripta Horticulturae.10 (8th ed.). International Society of Horticultural Science:1–184.ISBN 978-0-643-09440-6.
- Brickell, C.D.; et al., eds. (2016)."International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants"(PDF).Scripta Horticulturae.18 (9th ed.). International Society of Horticultural Science.ISBN 978-94-6261-116-0.
- de Candolle, Alphonse (1867).Lois de la nomenclature botanique adoptées par le Congrès international de botanique, tenu à Paris en août 1867; suivies d'une 2e édition de l'introduction historique et du commentaire qui accompagnaient la rédaction préparatoire présentée au Congrès. Geneva and Basle: H. Georg.OCLC 17409844. Retrieved11 November 2011.
- Fletcher, H. R. (January–February 1957). "The International Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants of the International Union of Biological Sciences, Report of the Inaugural Meeting at Utrecht from 21st–23rd November, 1".Taxon.6 (1):13–17.doi:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1957.tb02687.x.JSTOR 1217864.
- Spencer, R.D.; Cross, R.G. (2007). "The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), and the cultigen".Taxon.56 (3):938–940.doi:10.2307/25065875.JSTOR 25065875.
- Stearn, William T. (1952). "Proposed International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. Historical Introduction".Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society.77:157–173.
- Stearn, W. T. (7 September 1952a).International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (Speech). Opening of the 13th International Horticultural Congress of London in September 1952.Bromeliad Society International. London. Archived fromthe original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved2 January 2017.
- Trehane, P. (2004)."50 years of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants: Future prospects for the Code".Acta Horticulturae.634.
- Wyman, Donald (26 December 1956)."The new International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants"(PDF).Arnoldia.18 (12):63–68. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 5 May 2017. Retrieved2 January 2017.
External links
edit- Adams, Denise (2000) "Language of Horticulture" Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University from Web Archive
- International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants Dutch version 1953
- The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) at BiocyclopediaArchived 19 April 2018 at theWayback Machine
- PDF of 9th edition of ICNCP