Karol Juliusz "Igo" Sym (3 July 1896 – 7 March 1941) was a Polish actor andcollaborator withNazi Germany. He was killed inWarsaw by members of thePolish resistance movement.

Igo Sym
Sym about 1937
Born	Karol Juliusz Sym (1896-07-03)3 July 1896 Innsbruck,Austria-Hungary
Died	7 March 1941(1941-03-07) (aged 44) Warsaw,German-occupied Poland
Cause of death	Execution by shooting
Occupation(s)	Soldier, film actor, later entertainer andGestapo agent
Years active	1925–1941

Sym was born inInnsbruck, the son of Anton Sym, aPole fromNiepołomice inGalicia, and hisAustrian wife, Julia (née Sepp). DuringWorld War I he served in theAustro-Hungarian Army, becoming a lieutenant. After the war, he served in thePolish Armed Forces infantry in the rank of aFirst Lieutenant, until in 1921 he took up the job of a bank attorney.

Sym's screen debut took place in 1925 with the role of Baron Kamiłow in the Polish silent filmVampires of Warsaw (of which no copy is known to exist). Handsome and athletic, he often played aristocrats and army officers. In 1927 he left forVienna, where he signed a contract with theSascha-Film production company. In late 1920s Sym worked mainly inAustria andGermany, appearing with such actresses asMarlene Dietrich,Anny Ondra andLilian Harvey in silent movies likeDie Pratermizzi andCafé Elektric directed byGustav Ucicky.

At the beginning of the 1930s, Sym returned to Poland and settled inWarsaw. He largely ceased working in motion pictures, instead appearing on the Warsaw theatre stage. He entertained by singing, dancing and playing themusical saw;^[1] he notably taught Dietrich to play the instrument.^[2]

After theInvasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, Sym stayed in German-occupied Warsaw. Known before the war for his pro-German stance, the actor signed theVolksliste, thus becoming aVolksdeutscher.^[3] Due to his fame, the Germans considered him an asset in legitimizing their authority. TheGeneral Government's propaganda department therefore made him director of Warsaw'sTheater der Stadt Warschau, formerlyTeatr Polski (thePolish Theater). Sym was also director of theNur für Deutsche cinema, theHelgoland (formerly thePalladium), and licensee of theTeatr Komedia.^{[citation needed]}

Sometime in late 1939, Sym became aGestapo agent. According to preserved documents, he had collaborated withBerlin since before 1 September 1939. At the beginning of the war he helped set a trap which caught actressHanka Ordonówna (who had been Sym's prewar screen partner and a friend from Warsaw's theaters).^{[citation needed]} Polish resistance quickly learned about this, and a group of agents led byTeatr Komedia actor Roman Niewiarowicz started tracking Sym's activities.^{[citation needed]}

On 10 October 1941, the filmHeimkehr debuted inBerlin'sUfa-Palast am Zoo cinema. TheNazi propaganda movie directed byGustav Ucicky told a story about the pre-1939 German minority in Poland'sVolhynia, resettled duringNazi–Soviet population transfers.^{[citation needed]}

The Germans, presented as noble, peace-loving people, were brutally persecuted by vicious Poles. In the final scene, Polish soldiers lead arrested Germans to execution; however,Wehrmacht airplanes and tanks appear, saving the community. Sym did not perform in the film, but he actively collaborated in its production,casting Polish actors who were more or less willing to take part.^{[citation needed]} Several actors refused, includingKazimierz Junosza-Stępowski. Sym finally found some actors who were accepted by director Ucicky. After the war, these actors were punished for collaborating with the Germans.^{[citation needed]}

Sym's collaboration with the Germans contrasts with the conduct of his younger brother, Ernest, who, during his official activities as a chemist, clandestinely produced explosives for Poland'sHome Army.^{[citation needed]}

In early 1941, the headquarters of the underground Polish resistance groupUnion of Armed Struggle (ZWZ) decided to liquidate the collaborator. Sym's behavior was loudly trumpeted by the Nazis, and his assassination would show the Poles that the underground movement was active, always ready to punish all traitors. At first, the ZWZ planned to poison the actor, but later decided to shoot him instead.

When Roman Niewiarowicz informed the ZWZ that Sym would leave forVienna on 8 March 1941, the resistance decided to kill the collaborator before that date. To carry out the assassination, the ZWZ selected the commando group "ZOM" of the Intelligence Department of the Warsaw-City District, led by Bohdan "Szary" Rogoliński.

At 7:10 a.m. on 7 March 1941, two Polish agents knocked at the door of Sym's 4th floor apartment at 10 Mazowiecka Street inWarsaw. The agents – Rogoliński and Roman "Srebrny" Rozmiłowski – told Sym that they were postmen carrying a dispatch. Both were covered by Wiktor "Mały" Klimaszewski. On opening the door, Sym was asked to confirm his name, which he did. One of the agents then shot Sym dead with aVis pistol.

On the same day, German loudspeakers on the streets announced that hostages had been taken as revenge for Sym's death. Then, posters signed by a Dr.Ludwig Fischer appeared on the walls stating that more hostages would be taken and curfew would be enforced from 8 p.m. to 5 a.m.^{[citation needed]}

Fischer threatened to shoot all hostages unless those responsible for assassination were found. All theatres were closed, and about 120 people were arrested, including teachers, physicians, lawyers and actors. The population of Warsaw was given three days to find Sym's murderers.^{[citation needed]}

As nobody was found, on 11 Marchin Palmiry, 21 hostages were executed. Several actors were also arrested and sent toAuschwitz, among them such notable figures as directorsStefan Jaracz andLeon Schiller.^[4]

• Egzekucja Igo Syma — article at e-teatr.pl(in Polish)
• 'How Igo Sym died?' An interview with Roman Rozmiłowski – the executor of the sentence – 'Chronicles of Terror' testimony database
• Igo Sym at filmpolski.pl(in Polish)
• Portrait of the actor Igo Sym by Thomas Staedeli at cyranos.ch
• Trials of German Major War Criminals: Volume 7Archived 2007-06-10 at theWayback Machine at www.nizkor.org
• Igo Sym atIMDb
• Photographs and literature