Sanʽani Arabic is anArabic dialect spoken in northernYemen in the city ofSana'a.

Sanʽani Arabic
Native to	Yemen
Speakers	13 million (2020)[1]
Language family	Afro-Asiatic Semitic West Semitic Central Semitic Arabic Peninsular Yemeni Sanʽani Arabic
Writing system	Arabic alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ayn
Glottolog	sana1295
Distribution of Sanʽani Arabic according toEthnologue
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The Sanaani dialect is distinguished amongYemeni dialects by its use of the[ɡ] sound in the place of the/q/ (qāfق) used inModern Standard Arabic.

• /tˤ/ is voiced to[dˤ] in initial and intervocalic positions.^[2]

• The short vowels/aiu/ can have lax allophones of[æ~ɛ,ʊ,ɪ].^[3]
• /aː/ within emphatic environments can be heard as back[ɑː].^[4]
• In unstressed syllables, Sanaani short vowels may be reduced to[ə].^[5]

Along with these phonological similarities to other dialects, Sanʽani Arabic also has several unique features. It uses the classicalmā in the meaning of "what", as well as innegations. Unlike the classical usage, thismā is used without distinction in verbal and nominal sentences alike. Sanʽani Arabic represents the future aspect with a complex array of prefixes, depending on the person of the verb. For first-person verbs the prefix (ša-) or (‘ad) is used. The derivation of (ša-) is apparently related to the classical (sa-), and (‘ad) is likely an abbreviation of (ba‘d), meaning "after". For all other persons in Sanʽa proper the simple prefix (‘a-) is used, although many of the villages around Sanʽa extend the use of (ša-) for all persons.

Sanʽani syntax differs from other Arabic dialects in a number of ways. It is one of few remaining Arabic dialects to retain themā af‘al exclamatory sentence type with the meaning "how (adjective)". For instance,mā ajmal, is used to mean "how beautiful", from the adjectivejamīl, meaning "beautiful"; a construction it shares withLibyan Arabic andLevantine Arabic.

The Sanʽani vocabulary is also very distinct and conservative. The classical verbsāra,yasīr is retained with the meaning of "to go" (similar to Moroccan).Shalla,yashill is used to mean "to take/get".^[7]

As an example of its distinctiveness, during an appearance of the would-be parliament speaker of Yemen, Abdullah Alahmar, on Al-Jazeera TV some years ago, viewers and the TV host needed a translation of his Yemeni dialect into Standard Arabic in order to understand what he said.^{[citation needed]}

• Varieties of Arabic
• Yemeni Arabic