TheHugo Award for Best Novel is one of theHugo Awards given each year by theWorld Science Fiction Society forscience fiction orfantasy stories published in, or translated to, English during the previous calendar year. Thenovel award is available for works of fiction of 40,000 words or more; awards are also given out in theshort story,novelette, andnovella categories. The Hugo Awards have been described as "a fine showcase forspeculative fiction", and "the best known literary award for science fiction writing".^[1][2]

The Hugo Award for Best Novel has been awarded annually by the World Science Fiction Society since 1953, except in 1954 and 1957. In addition, beginning in 1996, Retrospective Hugo Awards or "Retro-Hugos" have been available for works published 50, 75, or 100 years prior. Retro-Hugos may only be awarded for years after 1939 in which no awards were originally given.^[3] Retro-Hugo awards have been given for novels for 1939, 1941, 1943–1946, 1951, and 1954.^[4]

Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annualWorld Science Fiction Convention, orWorldcon, and the presentation evening constitutes its central event. The final selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution asinstant-runoff voting with six finalists, except in the case of a tie. The novels on the ballot are the six most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of stories that can be nominated. The 1953, 1955, and 1958 awards did not include a recognition of runner-up novels, but since 1959 all final candidates have been recorded.^[3] Initial nominations are made by members from January through March, while voting on the ballot of six finalists is performed roughly from April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held.^[5] Prior to 2017, the final ballot was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations.^[6] Worldcons are generally held in August or early September, and are held in a different city around the world each year.^[7][8]

During the 79 nomination years, 172 authors have had works as finalists and 54 have won (including co-authors, ties, and Retro-Hugos). Two translators have been noted along with the author of a novel written in a language other than English:Ken Liu, in 2015 and 2017, for translations of two works from Chinese; andRita Barisse, in 2019, who was retroactively noted as the translator of a 1963 French novel.Robert A. Heinlein has won the most Hugos for Best Novel, and also appeared on the most final ballots; he has six wins (four Hugos and two Retro-Hugos) out of twelve finalists.Lois McMaster Bujold has received four Hugos out of ten finalists. Five authors have won three times:Isaac Asimov andFritz Leiber (with two Hugos and one Retro-Hugo each),N. K. Jemisin,Connie Willis, andVernor Vinge. Nine other authors have won the award twice. The next-most finalists by a winning author are held byRobert J. Sawyer andLarry Niven, who have been finalists nine and eight times, respectively, and have each only won once. With nine finalist appearance,Robert Silverberg has the greatest number of finalists without winning any. Three authors have won the award in consecutive years:Orson Scott Card (1986 and 1987), Lois McMaster Bujold (1991 and 1992), and N. K. Jemisin (2016, 2017, and 2018).

In the following table, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony, rather than when the novel was first published. Each year links to the corresponding "year in literature". Entries with a yellow background have won the award; those with a grey background are the finalists on the short-list.

  *   Winners and joint winners

Beginning with the1996 Worldcon, the World Science Fiction Society created the concept of "Retro-Hugos", in which the Hugo award could be retroactively awarded for 50, 75, or 100 years prior. Retro-Hugos may only be awarded for years after 1939 (the year of the firstWorldcon) in which no Hugos were originally awarded.^[3] Retro-Hugos have been awarded eight times, for 1939, 1941, 1943–46, 1951, and 1954.

• Nebula Award for Best Novel
• List of joint winners of the Hugo and Nebula awards
• List of literary awards
• Locus Award for Best Novel