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Honda C engine

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Honda's first production V6 was the C series; it was produced in displacements from 2.0 to 3.5 liters. The C engine was produced in various forms for over 20 years (1985–2005), having first been used in theKA series Legend model, and its British sister car theRover 800-series (andSterling).

Honda C engine
Overview
ManufacturerHonda
Production1985–2005
Layout
Configuration90°V6
Displacement2.0 L (1,996 cc)
2.5 L (2,494 cc)
2.7 L (2,675 cc)
3.0 L (2,977 cc)
3.2 L (3,179 cc)
3.5 L (3,473 cc)
Cylinder bore82 mm (3.23 in)
84 mm (3.31 in)
87 mm (3.43 in)
90 mm (3.54 in)
93 mm (3.66 in)
Piston stroke63 mm (2.48 in)
75 mm (2.95 in)
78 mm (3.07 in)
91 mm (3.58 in)
Cylinder block materialAluminum
Cylinder head materialAluminum
ValvetrainSOHC &DOHC4 valves x cyl. (VTEC only in DOHC engines)
Compression ratio9.0:1, 9.6:1, 10.2:1
Combustion
TurbochargerVariable geometry (some versions)
Fuel systemFuel injection
ManagementElectronic Control Unit
Fuel typeGasoline
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Output
Power outputFrom 145–294 PS (107–216 kW; 143–290 bhp)
Torque outputFrom 167–314 N⋅m; 123–231 lbf⋅ft (17–32 kg⋅m)
Chronology
SuccessorHonda J engine

All C engines share in common a 90-degree V-angle from bank to bank, common cylinder block bore centers, and four valves per cylinder. It is an all-aluminum design, and uses timing belt-driven single or dual overhead camshafts; the water pump is also driven by the timing belt.

All C engines use an interference design; if the timing belt fails, any open valves will clash into the pistons, and severe engine damage will occur.

The engine family can be broken down into three sub families:

  • C20A, C20AT, C25A and C27A (transversely mounted)
  • C30A and C32B (transversely mounted rear)
  • C32A, C35A, and C35B (one-off) (longitudinally mounted)

As a general rule, interchange of parts will not work between these sub groups.

C20A

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SOHC 1,996 cc (2.0 L)

  • 145 PS (107 kW; 143 hp) at 6,500 rpm
  • 167 N⋅m; 123 lbf⋅ft (17 kg⋅m) at 5,500 rpm

Japan only;

Thevariable length intake manifold used six individual small-bore intake runners below 3,500 rpm for each cylinder and added an additional six individual larger bore intake runners at higher RPMs.

TheC20AT was aturbocharged version, called the "Wing Turbo", producing 190 bhp (142 kW; 193 PS).

Japan only:

Honda replaced the variable lengthintake manifold with avariable geometry turbocharger to the C20A engine used in theJapanese Domestic Market Legend. The turbo withintercooler-equipped engine was the C20AT engine and are extremely rare. Honda pioneered variable-geometry turbo chargers. The "Wing Turbo", as Honda called them, were controlled by an 8-bit processorECU and they were constantly adjusting. Basically, at low speeds the wings surrounding the turbine wheel inside the compressor housing on the intake side would be nearly closed to speed and direct exhaust pressure precisely on the turbine wheel. At 2000 rpm, the wings would fluctuate and it would act like a much larger turbo to increasefuel economy as needed. This car was quick and powerful, but the price premium over the slightly longer and wider Legend with the 2.7 L (2,675 cc)naturally aspirated V6 was too much for most, so the car disappeared. This was one of the only production Hondas ever turbocharged from the factory (excluding turbo engines ofkei car for the Japan domestic market), along with theK23A1 straight-4 engine used in theAcura RDX and theERstraight-4 engine used in the first generationHonda City until model year 2017, when most of their model lines had the option of the 1.5Lturbocharged engine.

C25A

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SOHC (2.5 L) V6 24 valves, 9.0:1 compression

Japan

  • 165 PS (121 kW; 163 hp) at 6,000 rpm
  • 211 N⋅m; 156 lbf⋅ft (21.5 kg⋅m) at 4,500 rpm

North America

  • 151 bhp (113 kW; 153 PS) at 5,800 rpm
  • 213 N⋅m; 157 lbf⋅ft (21.7 kg⋅m) at 4,500 rpm

Applications:

The engine utilized a 90 degree V-angle to the crankshaft in preference to the taller but more common 60 degree design, with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. Thecrankshaft had crankpins offset 30 degrees to provide a low profile engine that fires smoothly and evenly. The block and cross flowpent roofcylinder heads with 24 valves aredie-cast fromaluminum alloy and thecylinder bores are lined withcast iron. Theexhaust system uses equal lengthexhaust pipes connected to theExhaust manifold to minimize scavenging resistance and maximum total exhaust efficiency. An external high capacity water cooled oil cooler and filter maintain an efficient oil temperature.

C27A

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TheSOHCC27A is a 2.7 L version, with the major upgrade being the addition of avariable length intake manifold, producing up to 132 kW (179 PS; 177 bhp)

Applications; non-North America:

Applications; North America:

  • C27A1 - 1987-1990Acura Legend Coupe, 161 bhp (120 kW; 163 PS) (catalyst)
  • C27A1 - 1988-1990Acura Legend, 161 bhp (120 kW; 163 PS) (catalyst)
  • C27A1 - 1988-1991Sterling 827, 168 bhp (125 kW; 170 PS) (catalyst)
  • C27A4 - 1995-1997Honda Accord, 170 bhp (127 kW; 172 PS) (catalyst) For this particular vehicle the engine was updated with a more efficient intake manifold.

C30A

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TheDOHCVTECC30A is a 2,977 cc (3.0 L) version, producing 270 bhp (274 PS; 201 kW) at 7,300 rpm and 284 N⋅m; 210 lbf⋅ft (29 kg⋅m) oftorque at 6,500 rpm, with a 10.2:1 compression ratio. The engine has a bore and stroke of 90mm x 78mm, making the engine highly over square, which facilitates a shift in power to the higher end of the rpm range. It utilizes a crankshaft with offsetcrankpins to achieve an evenly spaced firing interval of 120°, something typically unattainable with a 90° cylinder bank angle. Honda selected the 90°V6 as the NSX's optimal engine choice, striking a balance between packaging, complexity, and lowering the car'scenter of gravity. The engine was the second Honda engine ever to utilize Honda's proprietary VTECvariable valve timing system in an automotive application after the B16A, which adjusts cam lift depending on engineRPM andthrottle position. VTEC allows the C30A to produce a high maximum power level while maintaining a relatively flat torque curve. C30A was also equipped withVariable Volume Induction System (VVIS), which used a primary and a secondary intake plenum. Secondary intake plenum engages at 4800 RPM to improve engines breathing ability and broadens torque curve.[1]

The C30A also made use of titaniumconnecting rods, which was another first in a mass-production vehicle. The lightweight rods allowed a higher RPM to be achieved while maintaining the strength of traditional steel rods. The C30A block is an open-deck design made from an aluminum alloy with cylinderssleeved in ductile iron. The heads are4 valves percylinder (24 valves per engine total), twin-cam design and contain the VTEC mechanism, which is actuated by oil pressure. For maximum performance, the C30A uses adirect ignition system, with individualignition coils positioned directly over each cylinderspark plug.

With itsDOHC layout and its lightweight rotating assembly, the C30A is capable of reliable high RPM operation, but due to its complexity, cost, and use of exotic materials, the C30A was used exclusively on Honda'sNSX car. For NSXs equipped with a 4-speed automatic transmission, Honda used a slightly less powerful version of the C30A, with less aggressivecam timing and producing 252 bhp (188 kW; 255 PS).

Though never mass produced, a heavily upgraded version of the engine was briefly used in GT-spec NSXs for the 2004JGTC racing series by theTeam Honda Racingsatellite team. This engine was extensively modified byMugen and was the first turbocharged Honda engine used in the series: prior GT-spec NSXs used a variant of thenaturally aspiratedC32B engine. Though the exact performance figures were kept secret, it is rumored to output more than 500 bhp (373 kW).

Applications:

C32A

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TheC32A is a 3,206 cc (3.2 L) version. TheSOHC depending on model year, produces 200 hp (203 PS; 149 kW) or 230 hp (172 kW).

Applications;

  • C32A - SOHC USDM - 200 hp (203 PS; 149 kW) and 284 N⋅m; 210 lbf⋅ft (29 kg⋅m)
  • C32A1 - Also known as the "Type-II"; uses a higher flowing intake manifold and slightly more aggressive camshaft - SOHC USDM - 230 hp (233 PS; 172 kW) at 6200 rpm and 279 N⋅m; 206 lbf⋅ft (28.5 kg⋅m) at 5000 rpm.
  • C32A5 - SOHC JDM - 200 hp (203 PS; 149 kW) and 284 N⋅m; 210 lbf⋅ft (29 kg⋅m)
  • C32A6 - SOHC USDM - 200 hp (203 PS; 149 kW) and 284 N⋅m; 210 lbf⋅ft (29 kg⋅m)

C32B

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TheC32B is a highly tunedDOHC V6 used in theHonda NSX, which produces 290 bhp (294 PS; 216 kW) at 7,100 rpm and 304 N⋅m; 224 lbf⋅ft (31 kg⋅m) at 5,500 rpm oftorque, retaining the 10.2:1 compression ratio from the C30A. The engine is essentially an update to the C30A and does not share commonality with the C32A. Honda increaseddisplacement to 3,179 cc (3.2 L; 194.0 cu in) through the use of larger 93 mm (3.66 in)pistons over the 90 mm (3.54 in) used in the C30A, while leaving the 78 mm (3.07 in) stroke the same. To accommodate the larger pistons, Honda used an advanced metallurgical technique on the cylinders called Fiber Reinforced Metal (FRM), in which an ultra lightweight alumina-carbon fiber is cast into the traditional aluminum alloy for enhanced rigidity. This process allowed thinner cylinder walls to be used while providing acceptable cooling characteristics. The C32B also used 36 mm (1.4 in) intake valves, which are 1 mm (0.04 in) larger than those in the C30A.

Applications:

C35A

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TheC35A is aSOHC and carries the largest displacement of the C series at 3,473 cc (3.5 L; 211.9 cu in). The C35A was the first mass-produced engine to use block forged connecting rods contributing to precise balancing and an exceptionally strong bottom end.[2] The C35 also contains a balance shaft to dampen engine vibrations associated with 90 degree design V6 engines.[2] Besides the addition of these forged components, the overall design is similar to its smaller counterpart the C32A, with some parts being interchangeable. The 9.6:1 compression ratio of the C32A is also retained, despite the increase in displacement.[2]

Applications:

  • C35A - SOHC JDM - 212 bhp (215 PS; 158 kW)
  • C35A1 - SOHC USDM - 210–225 bhp (213–228 PS; 157–168 kW)
    • 1996-2001Acura 3.5RL; 210 bhp (213 PS; 157 kW) at 5200 rpm and 304 N⋅m; 224 lbf⋅ft (31 kg⋅m) of torque at 2800 rpm[3]
    • 2002-2004Acura 3.5RL; 225 bhp (228 PS; 168 kW) at 5200 rpm and 314 N⋅m; 231 lbf⋅ft (32 kg⋅m) of torque at 2800 rpm
  • C35A2 - SOHC EDM - 202 bhp (205 PS; 151 kW)
  • C35A5 - SOHC EDM - 205 bhp (208 PS; 153 kW)

C35B

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TheC35B (name unconfirmed) is aDOHC V6 withVTEC which shares basic design properties with itsSOHC non-VTEC counterpart but with more aggressive camshafts and slightly lighter cylinder walls. This was the onlyDOHCVTEC V6 ever built byHonda for longitudinal applications and was only used in one non-production car, the Honda FS-X concept.

Applications:

  • 1991 Honda FS-X concept - 280 hp (284 PS; 209 kW)

See also

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References

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  1. ^"JDM Spec Engines - Honda C30A Engine". Archived from the original on 2011-06-11. Retrieved2012-12-07.
  2. ^abc"G2: DIY: Engine Swaps: C35 Swap". Acuralegendwiki.org. 2010-01-02. Archived fromthe original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved2012-01-27.
  3. ^"1996 Acura 3.5 RL- Specifications". Hondanews.com. Archived fromthe original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved2012-01-27.
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