| Belmont Tunnel / Toluca Substation and Yard | |
|---|---|
 Preserved northern rail tunnel portal, 2017 | |
 Interactive map of Belmont Tunnel / Toluca Substation and Yard | |
| Coordinates | 34°3′36.56″N118°15′32.8″W / 34.0601556°N 118.259111°W /34.0601556; -118.259111 |
| Designated | February 23, 2005 |
| Reference no. | 790 |
TheHollywood Subway, as it is most commonly known, officially theBelmont Tunnel, was a streetcar tunnel used by the interurban streetcars (the "Red Cars") of thePacific Electric Railway from 1925 through 1955. It ran from its northwest entrance in today'sWestlake district to theSubway Terminal Building, in theHistoric Core, the business and commercial center of Los Angeles from around the 1910s through the 1950s. The Subway Terminal was one of the Pacific Electric Railway’s two main hubs, the other being thePacific Electric Building at 6th and Main.Numerous lines proceeded from theSan Fernando Valley,Glendale,Santa Monica andHollywood into the tunnel in Westlake and traveled southeast under Crown andBunker Hill towards the Subway Terminal.
The two-track tunnel, 1.045 miles (1.682 km) long, cut roughly eight miles (13 km) off rail travel through some of the most heavily congested areas in the United States. At its peak, this tunnel hosted 880 Red Cars per day, and served upwards of 20 million passengers a year.
The tunnel's northwest entrance, the shed of what was formerly an electric substation, and the site of the former yard, are just downhill from 299 South Toluca Street, inWestlake. Together they form aLos Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument, theBelmont Tunnel / Toluca Substation and Yard. The monument site is bounded by 2nd Street and theBeverly Boulevard viaduct to the north, Lucas Avenue to the west, Emerald Street uphill to the south, and Toluca Street to the east. Currently, the Belmont Station Apartments stand in front of the tunnel entrance.
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TheLos Angeles Pacific Railroad (one predecessor of the Pacific Electric) owned an 8-mile-long (13 km) right of way from the Hill Street Terminal toVineyard Junction. Several announcements were made as early as 1906 that construction would begin on a subway line toVermont Avenue, though a recession scuttled these plans.[1][2]
Other early plans for a subway line in Los Angeles included the same alignment as the built tunnel, but continuing further northwest to a point near Bimini Baths and providing connections in Hollywood. A branch would have run to Santa Monica in the west.[3][2]
The monument has a rich history dating back to the early 1920s. Responding to the traffic congestion that clogged the streets of downtown, the California Railroad Commission in 1922 issued Order 9928, which commissioned thePacific Electric company to dig a subway for new trains to bypass downtown's busy streets and highways.[4] Plans for the proposed "Hollywood Subway" were drafted as early as February 1924 — the new subway would use about1⁄4 mile (0.40 km) of the Los Angeles Pacific's 1906 right of way, but with a new route turning to the north.[1] Ground was broken in May of the same year.
After eighteen months of construction andUS$1.25 million (equivalent to US$22.4 million in 2024), the Subway officially opened to the public on December 1, 1925.[4] Over about one mile of track, the Subway linked trains heading towards the intersection of Beverly and Glendale Boulevards inWestlake with Los Angeles's newest train station and second electric rail hub, which lay underneath theSubway Terminal Building at the corner of Fourth and Hill Streets, byPershing Square (due east). Trains through the tunnel were powered by a new substation — Toluca No. 51 — which was built in the yard next to the tunnel's portal. The Subway funneled trains through Westlake and Hollywood to Santa Monica, North Hollywood, and Glendale, cutting seven miles (11 km) or more off similar journeys on rails running along Alameda Street and Exposition Boulevard, which funneled train traffic south and east in Southern California to the other hub, and headquarters, thePacific Electric Building.
The Subway soon became Los Angeles's most heavily used shortcut. Faster than the automobile and at 6¢ per ride (equivalent to $1.08 in 2024), electric trains carried thousands of travelers each day through it in the 1920s and 1930s. Ridership through the Subway reached its peak during the Second World War: in 1944, 880 trains per day used the tunnel, serving an estimated 65,000 passengers daily, reckoning out to more than 20 million riders per year.[5][6]
After the parent corporation,Southern Pacific Railroad, sold Pacific Electric Railway to asubsidiary of General Motors, trains were replaced with motor buses; Pacific Electric was shut down in 1955. The last electric train to carry passengers — adorned with a banner reading,To Oblivion, left the Belmont Tunnel on the morning of June 19, 1955.[5][7] Shortly thereafter, Southern Pacific lifted the tracks from the Subway, shut up theSubway Terminal Building, disconnected the Toluca Substation, and abandoned the properties.
In the 1960s, the city briefly conscripted the Subway for impounded automobiles, and later as a makeshift disaster shelter.[4] In the mid-1960s the middle portion of the tunnel was blocked off by the foundation of one of the skyscrapers onBunker Hill, creating two separated sections of the original tunnel.[6] Later, in 1974 a piling of theBonaventure Hotel was driven through the middle portion of the tunnel. Even after the change, the tunnels sections remained a popular location for film and television shoots.[6]
Over the next 35 years, few changes were made to the tunnel, electric substation, or train yard property, and the neglected property became a popular venue forgraffiti.[6]
In 2002, the land used for the substation and train yard was sold to West Los Angeles-based Meta Housing Corporation, which agreed to clean and preserve the substation building and the tunnel portal. On the old train yard property Meta built the Belmont Station Apartments, which blocks the tunnel portal. The portal was sealed and painted with a mural of a Red Car by artist Tait Roelofs, which glows in the dark.[8] The substation building and the portal arch were integrated into a park for the building's residents.[6]
In 2007, the Subway Terminal Building was renovated into Metro 417, a luxury apartment building. The developers restored the building's natural stone exterior and removed the drop ceiling from the ornate lobbies. The underground station area remains, but access to what remains of the tunnel is blocked by a wall, and a corner of the old terminal area is separated from thePershing Square station by a wall.[6]
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The Hollywood Subway and electric substation are used in a large number of TV shows, films, and other creative genres:
