Harley Quinn (Dr. Harleen Frances Quinzel, PhD) is a fictional character appearing inAmerican comic books published byDC Comics. She was created byPaul Dini andBruce Timm forBatman: The Animated Series as ahenchwoman for theJoker, and debuted in its 22nd episode, "Joker's Favor", on September 11, 1992. While intended to appear in one episode, Quinn became a recurring character within theDC Animated Universe (DCAU) as the Joker's sidekick and love interest, and was adapted intoDC Comics'canon seven years later, beginning with theone-shotBatman: Harley Quinn #1 (October 1999). Quinn'sorigin story features her as a formerpsychologist atGotham City'sArkham Asylum who was manipulated by and fell in love with the Joker, her patient, eventually becoming his accomplice and lover. The character's alias is aplay on thestock characterHarlequin from the 16th-centuryItalian theatercommedia dell'arte.

Harley Quinn
Various incarnations of Harley Quinn, as depicted in Harley Quinn (Vol. 4) #43. Art byNicola Scott.
Publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
First appearance	Batman: The Animated Series "Joker's Favor" (September 11,1992)
First comic appearance	The Batman Adventures #12 (September1993,non-canon) Batman: Harley Quinn #1 (October1999, canon)
Created by	Paul Dini (writer) Bruce Timm (artist)
In-story information
Alter ego	Harleen Frances Quinzel[1][2]
Place of origin	Gotham City by way ofBrooklyn
Team affiliations	Suicide Squad Gotham City Sirens Secret Six Justice League Batman family[3]
Partnerships	Joker Poison Ivy
Notable aliases	Dr. Harleen Quinzel Holly Chance[4] Dr. Jessica Seaborn[4]
Abilities	Highly skilled gymnast and acrobat PhD inpsychology Enhanced strength, stamina, durability, agility, and reflexes Toxic immunity Underwater breathing Access to gag weaponry

Following her introduction to the comics in1999, Harley Quinn was depicted as the formerdoctor turned sidekick and lover of the Joker as well as the criminal associate and best friend ofPoison Ivy. Later stories depicted Quinn as an independentsupervillain who has left her abusive andcodependent relationship with the Joker behind, beginning with the publication of herongoing series,Harley Quinn. After years of scarce appearances in comics, Quinn returned in a leading role in 2009 with theGotham City Sirens series, as part of an unstable alliance with Poison Ivy andCatwoman. The character's design was modernised in 2011 for DC's "The New 52" line-wide relaunch, with the character since regularly featuring as an antihero in theSuicide Squad andBirds of Prey team books. Other changes included fronting her own light-hearted Harley Quinn comic book and being established in a new romantic relationship with Poison Ivy.^[5] In 2021, DC's line-wideInfinite Frontier relaunch brought Quinn back toGotham City and reestablished her as asuperhero seeking redemption for her past actions.

Harley Quinn's abilities include expertgymnastic skills, proficiency in weapons and hand-to-hand combat, complete unpredictability, immunity to toxins, and enhanced strength, agility, and durability. Quinn often wieldsclown-themed gag weapons, with an oversizedmallet being her signature weapon. Additionally, she has a pair of pethyenas, Bud and Lou, who sometimes serve as herattack dogs.

Harley Quinn has become one of DC Comics' most popular and profitable characters. She has been featured in many of DC's comic books and adapted in various other media and merchandise. DC Comics PublisherJim Lee considers Harley Quinn the fourth pillar of DC Comics' publishing line, behindSuperman,Batman, andWonder Woman.

Originally voiced byArleen Sorkin in theDC Animated Universe, she has since appeared in many other DC projects voiced by actresses such asTara Strong,Hynden Walch,Laura Bailey,Jenny Slate,Melissa Rauch,Laura Post, andKaley Cuoco. Cuoco provided the character's voice in the 2019 animated seriesHarley Quinn.Mia Sara,Margot Robbie, andLady Gaga have portrayed the character in live action media.

Harley Quinn was created byPaul Dini andBruce Timm for the 1992Batman: The Animated Series episode entitled "Joker's Favor" while Dini was writing the episode.^[6] Initially written as an animated equivalent of awalk-on role, Harley Quinn was intended to appear in just one episode. With this, her origin was not supposed to be more than it was, making her popularity unexpected and a surprise success.^[7][8] As Dini was putting together the story for the episode, he wanted to introduce afoil for the supervillain the Joker that would emphasize the Joker's comic book personality traits: funny, scary, and egotistical.^[9][10] He then thought of giving Joker a henchwoman, inspired by themolls of the1960s live-actionBatman series,^[8][11][12] and then decided she would be a "funny counterpart to the Joker to maybe work up a littlePunch and Judy attitude between them";^[9] Dini stated, "[...] she could crack a joke and the henchmen would laugh, and the Joker would kind of glare at her".^[13] The character idea dated back in 1991, when Dini witnessed his college friendArleen Sorkin play ajester in an episode ofDays of Our Lives. Dini then based Harley Quinn on Sorkin, incorporating aspects such as her mannerisms and "snappy, wisecracking, bubbly blonde" personality.^[13][10][9] Dini even decided to have Sorkin voice her.^[9][12] In recording Harley Quinn's voice, Sorkin spoke in her normalNew York accent while putting in a "littleYiddish sound", since Dini made the characterJewish, another aspect of the character borrowed from Sorkin;^{[12][14][15][16]} Dini described her voice for the character as having "a snappy blonde but also kind of a bad girl": "a little bit of Adelaide fromGuys and Dolls, a little bit ofJudy Holliday", and "a lot of Arleen", stating that it sounded "very close" to Sorkin's voice.^[17]

Dini had several names in mind while naming the character, such asColumbine, and eventually settled on the name "Harley Quinn".^[19] Dini chose the name for the character to be in line with other Batman characters's names beingpuns, and also because he thought "Harley was a fun name for a girl".^[17][13] The name Harley Quinn is aplay onHarlequin, astock character from thesixteenth-century Italian physical comedytheatercommedia dell'arte.^[8]

In designing the character, Timm did a "simplified supervillain version" of traditional Harlequin gear; from thecommedia dell'arte original, he took thejester hat,ruffled collar, diamond pattern, and domino mask and put them on a red-and-blackbodysuit, on which the diamonds were strategically placed for easier animation.^[8][15] Timm took Harley Quinn's red and black color scheme from theGolden Age comic book characterDaredevil.^[8] Dini had previously made a rough design for the character, which Timm improved on.^[12]

After seeing Harley Quinn in therough cut of "Joker's Favor", the producers ofBatman: The Animated Series, which include Dini and Timm, were impressed with the result, with Dini wanting to bring the character back for more episodes.^[20][8] Timm and another producer,Alan Burnett, were initially reluctant of this and thought that giving Joker a girlfriend "played more towards his comedic side" and would "humanize him too much", which contrasted their vision for Joker as a character who is "as serious a threat as possible to Batman".^[20][8] Nevertheless, months after "Joker's Favor", Harley made a second appearance on the show in the episode "The Laughing Fish" and became the Joker's love interest.^[8] Harley Quinn gained popularity with fans ofThe Animated Series, with the character being featured more on the show and eventually starring in her own episodes, such as1993's "Harley and Ivy", which introduced a friendship between her and fellow supervillainPoison Ivy, and1994's "Harlequinade" and "Harley's Holiday", which explored her life without the Joker.^[21][22][23] Harley Quinn then became arecurring character in theDC Animated Universe, appearing inThe Animated Series sequelThe New Batman Adventures, the direct-to-video filmBatman Beyond: Return of the Joker, and in non-Batman animation such asSuperman: The Animated Series,Static Shock, andJustice League. In February 1994, she made her first appearance in a video game inThe Adventures of Batman and Robin, anaction platformer based onBatman: The Animated Series.^[24][25]

Because of her popularity, Harley Quinn was adapted into DC's comic books.^[31] In September 1993 (cover date), a year following Harley Quinn's first appearance inBatman: The Animated Series, the character made her comic book debut in the 12th issue ofThe Batman Adventures, a series set in the universe ofThe Animated Series, and became a regular character.^[5][6] In 1997, she appeared in the storyBatman: Thrillkiller, released underElseworlds, a DC Comicsimprint that published out-of-continuity alternate reality stories, asHayley Fitzpatrick.^[5] In 1999, she became a canonical character with the release ofBatman: Harley Quinn.^[5]

In February 1994, theone-shotThe Batman Adventures: Mad Love recounting Harley'sorigin was released. Written by Dini and drawn by Timm, the story marks their first comic book collaboration.^[20]Mad Love introduces Harley Quinn as a formerpsychologist named Harleen Quinzel who fell in love with the Joker during herinternship atGotham City'sArkham Asylum and details her transformation into the Joker's villainous accomplice Harley Quinn, as well as the Joker's lack of respect for Harley.^{[20][22][32][33]} Widely considered the definitive Harley Quinn story,^[34][35][36]Mad Love added dimensions to the character, with Dini introducing Harley Quinn's motivations as well as establishing her as a tragic and sympathetic figure.^{[37][38][39][40][41]} The story received wide praise and won theEisner andHarvey awards for Best Single Issue in the same year and was later adapted into an episode of the same name inThe New Batman Adventures in 1999.^[42][43][23]

Mad Love establishes Harley Quinn's full name to be Harleen Frances Quinzel. "Harleen Frances" was taken from Sorkin's first and middle name, Arleen Frances, while "Quinzel" came from one of Dini's formerEmerson College instructors, who was surnamed Quenzel.^[13]

Harley Quinn was adapted into the mainstreamDC Universe with the 1999 one-shot graphic novelBatman: Harley Quinn, written by Dini and illustrated by Yvel Guichet,^[44] which put her origin in the middle of theBatman: No Man's Land story line.^[45] Dini changed Harley and the Joker's relationship to be darker to match the Joker's character in the comics; in the story, the Joker attempts to kill Harley at the first opportunity. Harley's immunity to toxins and enhanced strength and agility, which were gained from a special formula created by Poison Ivy, were carried over fromBatman: The Animated Series, with Dini stating that they would give her a sort of "physical edge" over Batman and other heroes.^[20][44]

While pursuing new assignments at DC Comics' offices inNew York City,Karl Kesel was approached by former DC editor Matt Idelson to create a pitch for Harley Quinn's firstongoing series, which Kesel accepted, being a fan of the character after having readMad Love.^[20] Kesel choseTerry Dodson as the artist for the series, whose art Kesel thought complemented the character's cartoonish roots and worldview.^[20][47] Kesel called Dodson and asked him if he was interested on working on the comic, to which Dodson agreed, and the two worked for a month on their proposal for the series, which was to make a comic about "love gone horribly, terribly wrong".^[47][20] The proposal was accepted by DC Comics, and the pair began work on the series, with Kesel and Dodson both being involved in the storytelling, and Dodson bringing in his wife,Rachel Dodson, to ink.^[20] Kesel's run on the series began being published in December 2000, and was about Harley Quinn leaving the Joker and becoming a solo criminal, alongside a supporting cast of henchmen named the Quinntets.^[20] Because of underwhelming sales, his 25-issue run ended in December 2002, and DC decided to change the creative team; the series was given to writer A.J. Lieberman and artistsMike Huddleston andTroy Nixey by Idelson, and took on a grittier and darker direction, contrasting Kesel's run.^[48] The decision renewed interest in the character, but the sales remained lackluster and the series was cancelled in 2003.^[48][12]

After years of scarce appearances in comics, Harley Quinn resurfaced in a leading role in July 2009 withGotham City Sirens, a team-up title created by Dini.^[49][5][12] The series brought together Batman's most popular female villains, Harley Quinn, Catwoman, and Poison Ivy, in an unstable alliance.^[50][51][52] The series also expanded on Harley Quinn's background and early life; inGotham City Sirens #7, Dini established the character's hometown beingBrooklyn, based on her accent and also introduced her dysfunctional family, with her swindling father being described as the main reason for her pursuingpsychology.^[53][54][55]

The first several issues ofGotham City Sirens were written by Dini and illustrated by Guillem March. Other creatives who worked for the series include writersTony Bedard and Peter Calloway, and artistsDavid López, Andres Guinaldo, Peter Nguyen, Jeremy Haun, and Ramon Bachs.^[51] The series was cancelled in August 2011 forThe New 52, DC Comics' relaunch of their entire comic line.^[52]

As part of theNew 52reboot in September 2011, Harley Quinn was reintroduced byAdam Glass as a prominent member of the supervillain team Task Force X in the relaunchedSuicide Squad series.^[22][57] The character was heavily redesigned to fit the tone of the book, and was inspired by Harley's designs in the video gamesBatman: Arkham Asylum andBatman: Arkham City;^[58][59] her color motif was changed to red and blue, her jester costume was replaced with a revealing ensemble consisting of acorset andhot pants, her skin was bleached white, and her previously blonde hair was altered to half-blue and half-red.^{[59][12][57][60]} Her personality had also been depicted to be more violent and psychopathic than her former iteration.^[12][31][57]

In the series, Glass separated Harley Quinn from the Joker and explored her "becom[ing] her own person", with the Suicide Squad becoming a family to her;^[62][63] Glass said: "Harley's always wanted to belong to something. And if not Joker, then the team – and she's finding herself in all this. She's finding her place in the world, that she's not just a sidekick".^[63]

Suicide Squad was canceled in April 2014 to coincide with the conclusion of the "Forever Evil" storyline.^[64]

In the seventh issue ofSuicide Squad, Glass revised Harley Quinn's origin story, making it reflect the Joker's origins. In the story, the Joker takes Harleen Quinzel to thechemical plant where he originated and pushes her into a vat of chemicals against her will, which bleaches her skin and drives her insane, resulting in her transformation to Harley Quinn.^[65] This origin was received negatively by fans, who felt that its removal of Harley Quinn's choice to become the Joker's accomplice willingly, as depicted in her previous origin stories, took out an essential part of her character.^[65]

Harley Quinn's second ongoing series, written by husband and wifeJimmy Palmiotti andAmanda Conner, with the interior art illustrated by Chad Hardin and John Timms, explored Harley Quinn leaving Gotham City and starting her own life in her hometown of Brooklyn, depicting her as alandlord inConey Island, where she shares anapartment building with a supporting cast of "sideshow freaks".^{[66][12][67][68][69]} Considered to be the most defining writers to work on the character since Dini and Timm, Palmiotti and Conner reinvented Harley Quinn as an antihero who has left her controlling relationship with the Joker behind.^[22][70][71]

In contrast to Harley Quinn's depiction in Glass'Suicide Squad, Palmiotti and Conner wrote Harley Quinn with a lighthearted, cartoonish, and humorous tone. Her costume has also been changed with aroller derby-inspired costume designed by Conner, which incorporates Conner's favorite aspects of Harley Quinn's early costume and her costume in Glass' run ofSuicide Squad.^[68][72][66] The series also brought back Harley Quinn's red and black motif.^[60]

The series began being published in November 2013, starting withHarley Quinn #0, which brought together 17 comic book artists, including Harley Quinn co-creator Bruce Timm, to illustrate afourth wall-breaking story about Harley thinking of the artists that could illustrate her in her own comic book series.^[73][74] The rest of the series details Harley Quinn's adventures in Coney Island with her supporting cast.^[75] InHarley Quinn #25, Palmiotti and Conner reunited Harley Quinn with the Joker; the story depicts Harley Quinn returning to Gotham City to confront the Joker and end their relationship.^[76][77]

With Harley Quinn's longtime friend Poison Ivy being a recurring character in the series, Palmiotti and Conner built on their relationship and hinted at romantic feelings between the two characters; Poison Ivy is shown kissing Harley Quinn multiple times throughout the series, and asexual relationship between them was alluded to in issue #25.^[75][71] When asked regarding their relationship in a Twitter Q&A, Palmiotti and Conner replied: "Yes, they are girlfriends without the jealousy ofmonogamy".^[33]

TheNew 52Harley Quinn series received positive reception, and was also one of DC Comics' top-selling series, inspiring multiplespin-offs.^[75][72] The series was ended for theDC Rebirth relaunch of DC's titles.^[78]

The cover of the first issue of theNew 52'sSuicide Squad title drew controversy for its sexual depiction of Harley Quinn.^[12] This also caused some fans of the character to send Adam Glasshate mail and personal threats.^[62]

In September 2013, DC Comics announced an art contest entitled "Break into comics with Harley Quinn!", in which contestants were to draw Harley in one of four different suicide scenarios. This contest drew controversy not only because it was announced close toNational Suicide Prevention Week, but also because of the sexualized portrayal of Harley Quinn in the fourth scenario, in which the character attempts suicide while naked in her bathtub, which was highly criticised. TheAmerican Foundation for Suicide Prevention,American Psychiatric Association, andNational Alliance on Mental Illness all responded to the controversy in an emailed group statement to theHuffington Post: "We are disappointed that DC Comics has decided to host a contest looking for artists to develop ways to depict suicide attempts by one of its main villains – Harley Quinn". After seeing the reactions to the contest, DC Comics apologized, saying they should have made it clear it was a dream sequence that was not supposed to be taken seriously. In the final version, the bathtub scene was cut and replaced with Harley Quinn sitting on a rocket while flying in space.^[79][80][81]

In June 2016, theDC Rebirth event relaunched DC Comics' entire line of comic book titles. BothHarley Quinn as well asSuicide Squad were rebooted, with the latter starting with the one-shot issueSuicide Squad: Rebirth #1 (October 2016). Harley Quinn'sDC Rebirth design included pink and blue dyed hair tips and a jacket inspired byMargot Robbie's portrayal of the character in the 2016 filmSuicide Squad, a change established in the last issues of herNew 52 series.^[82][83]

Harley Quinn returned as a regular character in the relaunchedSuicide Squad series, written byRob Williams. The series was canceled in January 2019.^[84]

Harley Quinn's relaunched ongoing series is a direct continuation of the former, with Conner and Palmiotti still writing for the character, and Hardin and Timms illustrating the interior art.^[85] After having written 64 issues of Harley Quinn's ongoing series, Conner and Palmiotti's five-year run ended with the 34th issue of the series in December 2017, with writerFrank Tieri and artist Inaki Miranda taking over the title.^[86][87][88] Tieri's run on the series ended with the series' 42nd issue, followed by a two-issue storyline written by Christopher Sebela and illustrated byMirka Andolfo.^[89] By issue #45 in July 2018,Sam Humphries was the new writer for the series, with John Timms returning to provide art.^[88][89] The series ended in August 2020.^[90]

In 2017, Harley Quinn co-creator Paul Dini wrote a backup feature for Harley Quinn'sRebirth monthly series entitledHarley Loves Joker, co-written by Palmiotti and illustrated byBret Blevins, which ran for 9 issues.^[91] The story brought back Harley Quinn's classic characterization and focuses on her past with the Joker. Unlike her characterization inBatman: The Animated Series, Dini and Palmiotti wrote Harley Quinn in the story as less of a "doormat", with Harley Quinn and Joker being on equal footing in their relationship.^[92] The story concluded with the two-partlimited series of the same name, which also expanded on Harley Quinn's past as a former intern in animal research atS.T.A.R. Labs, where she met her pethyenas Bud and Lou.^[93] In the second part of the story, Dini and Palmiotti explained Harley Quinn's change in costume, establishing the character's modern design as a reflection of her having left her relationship with the Joker.^[94][95]

For the 2021Infinite Frontier relaunch, Harley Quinn is moved back to Gotham City as a superheroine, where she frequently interacts with and aids the Batman family, and she is given a new design byRiley Rossmo.^[96] Harley Quinn's fourth ongoing series, written byStephanie Phillips and illustrated by Rossmo, depicts her "actively looking to make up for her past sins", alongside a former Joker henchman named Kevin.^[97][96] Harley Quinn also has a prominent role in the "Fear State" crossover event.^[98]

In January 2022, Phillips confirmed Harley would be resuming her previous career as a psychologist.^[99]

Harley Quinn possesses multiple superhuman abilities, having won a gymnasticsscholarship at Gotham City's Gotham State University.^{[100][101][20]} Following her transition to the main DC canon in 1999, Harley Quinn was established as having immunity to toxins and enhanced strength, agility, durability, and reflexes, which she received after having been injected with a serum concocted by Poison Ivy.^[100] "Vengeance Unlimited, Part Five" (Harley Quinn vol. 1 #30) revealed that it also gave her the ability to breathe underwater.^[102]

Harley Quinn is skilled in using various weapons, often employing weaponized clown-themed gag items, includingpop guns,rubber chickens, and a gun that shoots a boxing glove, as well as oversizedpistols andmallets, the latter being her signature weapon.^{[103][104][105]} Other weapons she uses include: unconventional weapons, such as abaseball bat;explosive weapons such asbazookas, customizedbombs, anddynamites;^[106]firearms, such aspistols,assault rifles, andmachine guns;^[106] Harley Quinn also has a pair of pet hyenas, Bud and Lou, which she can order to attack her opponents.^[100]

Despite being mentally unstable and sometimes distracted, Harley is highly intelligent. Her intellect extends to her psychological, tactical and deception abilities, but she does not stand out for particular strategic or scientific skills and often remains subordinate to the Joker, who between the two is the genius and the inventor. Harleen Quinzel earned a bachelor's degree in psychology and as a former Arkhampsychologist, was highly qualified inpsychoanalysis,criminology, andforensic psychiatry. While not on par with Joker, she is still an expert tactician, deceiver and escapologist, and still shows traces of her psychological experience. Harley Quinn is the only person besides the Joker to concoct Joker Venom, the Joker's signature weapon, and is shown to have reverse-engineered its formula and developed an antitoxin.^[107][108] She also has an indomitable pathological will.

Just like Poison Ivy, sometimes and not as much, Harley uses her feminine charm to attract men but only to manipulate them. Unlike the Joker, she is able to simulate sanity, thus being able to pretend to be a "normal" person. In this way, she disguised herself as a security guard, a lawyer and even Poison Ivy and Batgirl.

Bud and Lou are a pair ofspotted hyenas and the pets of Harley Quinn. Their names are references to the comedy duo ofBud Abbott andLou Costello. Originally created forBatman: The Animated Series alongside Harley Quinn, Bud and Lou have since appeared in other forms of media following their debut. An alternate hyena pet, named Bruce, after Bruce Wayne, appears in the 2020 filmBirds of Prey.^[109]

Harley Quinn has had several love interests, the most notable being the Joker and Poison Ivy. Other love interests include Mason Macabre, a character created by Conner and Palmiotti.^[110]Plastic Man was initially intended to be a love interest for Harley Quinn by Kesel, but was not approved by DC.^[111]

The Joker is Harley Quinn's former lover. Harley's solo comics often explore her former association with the Joker through "flashbacks of their past exploits, present-day conflicts", or through Harley as she "laments his absence".^[112] Harley often refers to him as"Mistah J" and"Puddin'".^[113]

Their relationship is known for its abusive andcodependent nature, first established in Harley's first origin storyMad Love.^[20] The Joker habitually abuses Harley, and despite the abuse, Harley Quinn returns to him.^[114] In the 1999 one-shot comicBatman: Harley Quinn, the Joker decides to kill Harley, after admitting that he does care for her, that their relationship is romantic, and that these feelings prevent him from fulfilling his purpose.^[115] Dini describes their relationship as abusive,^[116] and empathizes with Harley's feelings ofabandonment, with Dini basing most of Harley's dialogue on his past experiences.^[117]

The Joker's controlling and codependent relationship with Harley Quinn has been analyzed as a means of the Joker reinforcing his own belief in his power in a world where he may be killed or neutralized by another villain or Batman.^[118] Joker mirrors his identity through Harley in her appearance, and even though he may ignore or act indifferent towards her, he continues to try to subject her to his control.^[118] When Harley successfully defeats Batman inMad Love, the Joker, emasculated by his own failure, severely injures her out of fear of what the other villains will think of him; however, while Harley recovers, the Joker sends her flowers, which she accepts, reasserting his control over her.^[119]

Poison Ivy is Harley Quinn's current love interest and best friend, and Harley often refers to her as"Red".^[120] Ivy was first introduced as a new friend to Harley by Dini in the 1993Batman: The Animated Series episode "Harley and Ivy".^[121] The episode came from Dini wanting to make Harley a stronger character and write a story where she leaves the Joker; Dini decided to pair her up with Ivy because she was "the strongest contrast to Harley".^[121] The two later became close friends within theDC Animated Universe. Dini stated that he could see a romantic relationship between the two happening the more he worked with the two characters, but the impossibility of properly portraying their relationship in a kid's cartoon at the time prevented it from happening.^[39]

Prior to theNew 52 reboot, Ivy is shown as having teamed up on occasion with Harley with Harley being her best friend and recurring ally. Unlike most villain team-ups, their partnership is based on genuine friendship and mutual respect. Ivy sincerely wants to save Harley from her unhealthy abusive relationship with the Joker. Accordingly, Poison Ivy despises the Joker, and the two exchange vicious banter at every opportunity. In the final storyline of theGotham City Sirens series, Harley suggests that Ivy may be in love with her, an accusation that stuns her.^[122] The following issue has Poison Ivy acknowledge that she may indeed love Harley, but the details of her love are never specified, and the series ended with the New 52 reboot before their relationship could be addressed.^[123]

Conner and Palmiotti hinted at a romantic relationship in the New 52 Harley Quinn series,^[75][71] and later confirmed that Harley and Ivy are in a non-monogamous relationship.^[124][33] 2017's Harley Quinn #25 marked their first canonical kiss.^[125]

Harley Quinn first appeared inBatman: The Animated Series (1992–1995), voiced byArleen Sorkin, who subsequently reprised her role in otherDC Animated Universe series, includingSuperman: The Animated Series (1996–2000),The New Batman Adventures (1997–1999),Static Shock (2000–2004), andJustice League (2001–2004), as well as the filmBatman Beyond: Return of the Joker (2000).

Originally a career-orientedpsychologist, Dr. Harleen Quinzel's life took a radical turn when she chose to take an internship atArkham Asylum for a semester of college. Convinced by theJoker himself to do it, Harleen interviewed him and learned he was abused as a child by his alcoholic father (later learning this backstory to have been one of several different stories he had told to others, some with different details each time), and after more interviews, determinedBatman was the primary source of the Joker's anger and was to blame for his actions, but that she also had fallen in love with him. Harleen helped the Joker escape and, renaming herself Harley Quinn, became his sidekick in hopes that she could win his love, going on a crime spree across theUnited States of America.^[126]

After assisting Joker in attempting to assassinateCommissioner James Gordon by planting a bomb at a dinner in his honor, she was subdued by Batman, and subsequently an accomplice in virtually all of Joker's criminal schemes.^[127] On occasion, she would be kicked out of Joker's gang when unintentionally upstaging or annoying the Joker, on one of these occasions teaming up withPoison Ivy, with the two becoming close friends and a successful crime duo independently.^[128] While imprisoned on her own inArkham Asylum, Batman offered her a pardon in exchange for helping him track down the Joker after he had stolen a nuclear bomb.^[129] The day she is declared rehabilitated and paroled, Harley's hyperactivity and unfamiliarity with the "real" world leads to her accidentally kidnapping someone and being returned to Arkham yet again.^[130]

In the 31-episodeGotham Girls web series, Harley joins forces withPoison Ivy andCatwoman in a co-starring role.

After several failed attempts at rehabilitation, Harley returns to the Joker's side. However, after another failed attempt to kill Commissioner Gordon leads the Joker to forget their anniversary, Harley re-examines her life and decides that as Batman was the cause of the Joker's obsession, she should capture and kill him herself, doing so by falsely pretending to have found sanity and luring Batman into a trap. Recognizing Harley to have come closer to killing him than Joker has ever done, Batman tricks her into facilitating his escape by making her call the Joker and tell him what she has done, knowing that he would not allow anyone other than himself to kill Batman, pushing her aside and unknowingly knocking her out a window. Recovering in Arkham, Harley decides that the Joker will never truly love her, before returning to her devotion upon seeing that he has left her a rose in a vase by her bedside table, with a note hoping that she gets better soon.^[126] Harley later references having convinced the Joker to attendcouple's counseling with her.^[131]

In the filmBatman Beyond: Return of the Joker, flashbacks reveal Harley's apparent final actions after returning to the Joker again were assisting him in kidnappingTim Drake and torturing him into insanity to transform him into their son "J.J", so that they can start a family together. She later foughtBatgirl who angrily chastised her for even helping Joker commit a heinous act but fell deep into an abyss, leading to the latter presuming her dead, though she survived as depicted in the present, where she appears at the end of the film, revealed to have reformed and become the grandmother of the Jokerz members, the Dee Dee Twins, who address her as "Nana Harley".

Harleen Quinzel was a psychologist at Arkham Asylum, and after meeting the Joker, she became his frequent accomplice, took on the name Harley Quinn, and got into an abusive codependent relationship with him. She eventually splits up with him, and becomes a solo criminal, forming a criminal gang called the Quinntets. Following the Quinntet's dissolution, Harley Quinn moves to Metropolis with her best friend Poison Ivy, where she works as a love columnist in theDaily Planet under the alias Holly Chance. She then moves back to Gotham City, where she then voluntarily incarcerates herself in Arkham.^[4] Harley Quinn then spends a year applying for parole, only to see her request systematically rejected by Bruce Wayne, the layman member of Arkham's medical commission. She is kidnapped by Peyton Riley, the new female Ventriloquist, who offers her a job; Harley turns the job down out of respect for the memory of Arnold Wesker, the original Ventriloquist, who attempted to cheer her up during her first week in Arkham while the Joker was still on the loose. She then helps Batman and Commissioner Jim Gordon foil the impostor's plans. Although Riley escapes, Bruce Wayne is impressed with Harley's effort at redemption and agrees with granting her parole.^[132] She then briefly joins theSecret Six, then decides to quit.^[133]

DuringCountdown to Final Crisis, a reformed Harley Quinn resides in an Amazon-run women's shelter. Having abandoned her jester costume and clown make-up, she now only wears an Amazonian stola or chiton. She befriends the former Catwoman replacementHolly Robinson and then succeeds in persuading her to join her at the shelter, where she is working as an assistant. They are both brought toThemiscyra by "Athena" (reallyGranny Goodness) and begin Amazon training. Holly and Harley then meet the real Athena and encounter Mary Marvel. The group reveals Granny's deception, and Holly, Harley, and Mary follow her as she retreats to Apokolips. Mary finds the Olympian gods, whom Granny had been holding prisoner, and the group frees them. Harley is granted powers by Thalia as a reward. Upon returning to Earth, the powers vanish, and Harley and Holly return to Gotham City.

Harley Quinn then joins forces with Poison Ivy (Pamela Isley) and Catwoman (Selina Kyle) in the seriesGotham City Sirens. InGotham City Sirens #7, Harley Quinn visits her family in her hometown ofBensonhurst, Brooklyn, during the holiday season. Harley's father is a swindler who is still in jail, and her brother, Barry, is a loser with dead-end dreams of rock stardom. Her mother, Sharon, wants her to stop the "villain and hero stuff". The dysfunctional, "horrible" experience while visiting family causes her to return home to the Sirens' shared Gotham City hideout where Harley, Catwoman, and Poison Ivy spend the rest of Christmas together. Following several adventures with Catwoman and Ivy, Harley betrays them and breaks into Arkham Asylum, intending to kill the Joker for his years of abuse towards her. However, Harley ultimately chooses instead to release the Joker from his cell, and together the two orchestrate a violent takeover of the facility that results in most of the guards and staff members either being killed or taken hostage by the inmates.^[134] Harley and the Joker are eventually defeated by Batman and Catwoman, and Harley is last seen being wheeled away while bound in a straitjacket and muzzle.^[122] Shortly afterward, Poison Ivy breaks into Harley's cell and attempts to kill her for her betrayal, but instead offers to free her if she helps her kill Catwoman, who had left both of her fellow Sirens behind in Arkham. Harley agrees, and the two set out to trap Catwoman.^[123] During the ensuing fight, Catwoman says she saw good in them and only wanted to help. As Batman is about to arrest them, Catwoman helps the two of them escape.^[135]

Like her previous incarnations, Harleen Quinzel was still the Joker's psychologist, but before she becomes Harley, the Joker pushes her into a vat of chemicals, bleaching her skin white and driving her insane. Harley Quinn is forced to join the Suicide Squad by Amanda Waller. Harley Quinn then leaves Gotham City and moves back to her hometown ofBrooklyn and resides inConey Island.

Harley Quinn moves back to Gotham City in an attempt to reestablish herself as a hero, aiding the Batman Family and trying to make up for her past "where she oftenenabled the Joker".^[96]

Harley Quinn has become one ofDC Comics's most popular characters.^[136] The 2016 relaunch of her comic shipped more copies than any otherDC Rebirth title and was one of the best-selling comics of the year.^[137] DC Comics PublisherJim Lee refers to Harley Quinn as the fourth pillar in their publishing line, behindSuperman,Batman, andWonder Woman.^{[138][17][72]} Harley Quinn currently stars in four separate ongoing series — three eponymous titles andSuicide Squad. Only Batman and Superman have comparable numbers of monthly appearances, making Harley Quinn the most prominent and profitable female character.^[138] Kevin Kiniry, vice-president of DC Collectibles, says Harley Quinn is always a top-seller and she "can go toe-to-toe with Batman and theJoker as one of the most fan-requested and sought-after characters".^[138] In 2016, Harley Quinn'sHalloween costume ranked as the most popular costume in both the United States and theUnited Kingdom and it remains a popular subject forcosplay.^[139][140] To celebrate the character, DC Comics declared the month of February to be Harley Quinn Month and published 22 Harley Quinnvariant covers across their line of comic books.^[141]IGN's 2009 list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time ranked Harley Quinn as #45.^[142] She was ranked 16th inComics Buyer's Guide's 2011 "100 Sexiest Women in Comics" list.^[143] Joker voice actorMark Hamill attributes the success of Harley Quinn to Sorkin's performance inBatman: The Animated Series.^[144] OnTwitter, he stated: "In the script she was just an unnamed Joker "hench-wench" [with] no discernible personality. When [Sorkin] began reading her lines in that unforgettable voice so poignant [and] full of heart I nearly fell off my chair! She brought SO much more than was on the page [and] a legend was born".^[144]

• An alternate universe variant of Harley Quinn appears inBatman: Thrillkiller. This version is a schoolgirl namedHayley Fitzpatrick who aids a female version of the Joker calledBianca Steeplechase.^[145]
• Harley Quinn appears inBatman/The Spirit.
• An alternate universe variant of Harley Quinn appears inJoker and its sequel,Batman: Damned.^[146][147]
• An alternate universe variant of Harley Quinn from Earth-3 appears inCountdown to Final Crisis.^[148]
• An alternate universe variant of Harley Quinn namedYo-Yo appears inFlashpoint.^[149]
• Harley Quinn appears inBatman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.^[150]
• Harley Quinn and her successor,Marian Drews, appear inBatman: White Knight.^[151][152]
• An alternate universe variant of Harley Quinn appears inDC Comics Bombshells.
• In theMarvel Comics seriesGwenpool Strikes Back, a variant ofGwen Poole based on Harley Quinn is introduced as a member of the GwenHive.^[153]
• An alternate universe variant of Harley Quinn appears inDCeased.

• Harley Quinn appears inBirds of Prey, portrayed byMia Sara.^[154]
• Harley Quinn makes acameo appearance in theArrow episode "Suicide Squad", portrayed by Cassidy Alexa and voiced again byTara Strong.^{[155][156][157]} Series starStephen Amell revealed in an interview that Quinn was intended to appear in the second-season finale episode "Unthinkable", but was cut due to time.^[158] ProducerAndrew Kreisberg revealed that there were plans for the character to appear, butWilla Holland said they had been axed due to theSuicide Squad film.^[159][160]
• A character loosely based on Harley Quinn namedEcco appears inGotham, portrayed byFrancesca Root-Dodson. Additionally, a young Harleen Quinzel appears in the episode "Heavydirtysoul", portrayed by Meggie Vilcina.^{[161][162][163]}

• An animated series starring Harley Quinn and Poison Ivy was in development in 2001, but never made it past early pre-production. Character designs for the series were done by Shane Glines.^[164]
• Harley Quinn appears inThe Batman, voiced byHynden Walch.^[157] This version is a former television pop psychiatrist who ends up being seduced by the Joker, sharing a normal relationship.
• Harley Quinn appears inBatman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced byMeghan Strange.^[157]
• Harley Quinn makes primarily non-speaking cameo appearances inTeen Titans Go!, voiced again by Tara Strong in the episode "Jam".
• Harley Quinn appears inJustice League Action, voiced byTara Strong.^[157] This version previously worked atS.T.A.R. Labs and cared forTitano prior to his transformation.^[165]
• Harley Quinn appears inDC Super Hero Girls (2019), voiced again by Tara Strong.^[157] This version is a fangirl of the Joker andBarbara Gordon's best friend from Gotham City, though they are initially unaware of each other's identities. While initially living in Gotham, she moves to Metropolis in "#Frenemies", and becomes friends and partners withCatwoman,Poison Ivy,Giganta,Star Sapphire, andLivewire, while also becoming an enemy of the DC Super Hero Girls.
• Harley Quinn appears inRobot Chicken, voiced again by Tara Strong.^[157]
• Harley Quinn appears inBatwheels, voiced by Chandni Parekh.^[166][157]
• Harley Quinn appears inBatman: Caped Crusader, voiced byJamie Chung.^{[167][168][157]} This version isAsian-American and unconnected to the Joker, and is shown to be motivated primarily by a contempt forcapitalism and the rich.^[169] She works as a psychiatrist to many wealthy and powerful clients, including Bruce Wayne, while using the costumed persona of "Harley Quinn" to kidnap, blackmail, and brainwash them to donate their wealth to various charitable causes and undergo psychological conditioning to become moreempathetic.
• Harley Quinn appears inSuicide Squad Isekai, voiced byAnna Nagase and Karlii Hoch in Japanese and English respectively.^[170][171]

• Harley Quinn appears in a self-titled series,^[172][173] voiced byKaley Cuoco.^[174][157] It focuses on Harley as she attempts to become a solo criminal and step out of the Joker's shadow with the help of Poison Ivy and her crew of supervillains.^{[175][176][172]} Additionally, Harley appears in the spin-off,Kite Man: Hell Yeah!.^[157]

• Harley Quinn was initially set to appear inBatman Unchained, the fifth film planned for the original Batman film series.^[177][178] She was to be featured as theJoker's (Jack Nicholson) daughter, who allies herself with the Scarecrow to get revenge on Batman for her father's death.^[179] However, due to the critical and commercial failure ofBatman & Robin, this film was cancelled.
• TheBatman: Arkham version of Harley makes a cameo appearance inReady Player One.^[180]
• Harley Quinn appears inJoker: Folie à Deux, portrayed byLady Gaga.^[181][182] This version isHarleen "Lee" Quinzel, a patient atArkham State Hospital who becomes obsessed withthe Joker and forms a deadly romantic relationship with him.^[183][184] She eventually becomes pregnant with Arthur's child and leaves him upon learning he disowns his Joker persona, leaving the future of their child unknown.^[185] Describing Quinzel,Todd Phillips noted how this version of the character is manipulative, amoral and "more grounded", with the film ignoring the character's classic mannerisms and style to fit into the world created inJoker (2019).^[186]

Margot Robbie portrays Dr. Harleen Quinzel / Harley Quinn in theDC Extended Universe.^[187]

• The character debuted in the 2016 filmSuicide Squad.Paul Dini, the creator of Harley Quinn, said Robbie "nailed" her role.^[188]
• Harley Quinn appears in the 2020 spin-off filmBirds of Prey, which Robbie also produced. On Robbie's portrayal of the character in the film, Dini commented: "I think they really got the essence of the character down, and they made her quite a lot of fun and appealing in so many ways. She's not totally the animated version, and it's not totally the Jimmy Palmiotti and Amanda Conner version, but it kind of borrows from all of them and creates its own reality and its own fun. There are so many moments in that movie that I just think are wonderful. [...] When I saw her running, laughing hysterically, pushing a shopping cart full ofPeeps, I said, "That's my girl". All those littleimpish things that she did in the movie – sitting down eating cereal, watchingTweety Bird cartoons, and just kind of skipping through life cheerfully oblivious of the devastation she's caused – that's Harley".^[189]
• Harley Quinn appears inThe Suicide Squad (2021), a standalone sequel toSuicide Squad.^[190]

• Harley Quinn makes a non-speaking cameo appearance inJustice League: The New Frontier.
• An alternate universe version of Harley Quinn appears inJustice League: Crisis on Two Earths. This version is a monkey owned by theJester.
• Harley Quinn appears inBatman: Assault on Arkham, voiced byHynden Walch.^[157]
• Harley Quinn appears inLego DC Comics Super Heroes: Justice League: Gotham City Breakout withTara Strong reprising her role.^[157]
• Harley Quinn appears inBatman and Harley Quinn, voiced byMelissa Rauch.^{[191][192][157]} She works as a waitress after breaking up with the Joker again, and helps Batman andNightwing stop Poison Ivy from killing all life on Earth. Afterwards, she begins hostingAsk Dr. Quinzel, a reality show where contestants undergo an obstacle course to win a year of therapy.
• Dr. Harleen Quinzel appears inBatman vs. Two-Face, voiced bySirena Irwin.^[157] This version isHugo Strange's assistant, who reciprocates the Joker's flirting. In a Blu-ray exclusive bonus scene, Quinzel, dressed as Harley Quinn, breaks the Joker out of prison.
• Harley Quinn appears inDC Super Heroes vs. Eagle Talon, voiced byKang Ji-young.^[193]
• TheBatman: The Brave and the Bold incarnation of Harley Quinn appears inScooby-Doo! & Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by Tara Strong.^[157]
• A feudal Japanese version of Harley Quinn appears inBatman Ninja, voiced byRie Kugimiya and Tara Strong in Japanese and English respectively.^{[194][195][157]}
• Harley Quinn makes a non-speaking cameo appearance inTeen Titans Go! To the Movies.^[157]
• Harley Quinn appears inBatman vs. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, voiced again by Tara Strong.^[157]
• Dr. Harleen Quinzel makes a non-speaking cameo appearance inBatman: Death in the Family.
• Harley Quinn makes a non-speaking cameo appearance inSpace Jam: A New Legacy.^[157]
• Harley Quinn appears inInjustice, voiced byGillian Jacobs.^[196][157]
• Harley Quinn appears inTeen Titans Go! & DC Super Hero Girls: Mayhem in the Multiverse, voiced again by Tara Strong.
• Harley Quinn appears inScooby-Doo! and Krypto, Too!, voiced again by Tara Strong.^{[197][198][157]}

• TheFlashpoint version of Harley Quinn (calledYo-Yo) appears inJustice League: The Flashpoint Paradox, voiced by Hynden Walch.^[199]
• Harley Quinn appears inSuicide Squad: Hell to Pay, with Tara Strong reprising her role.^[157] This version is a member of theSuicide Squad whose appearance is inspired by her counterpart fromThe New 52.
• Harley Quinn appears inBatman: Hush andJustice League Dark: Apokolips War, voiced again by Hynden Walch.^[157] In the latter film, she becomes the new leader of the Suicide Squad followingAmanda Waller's death from cancer and seeks to avenge the Joker after Batman kills him while underDarkseid's control.

• Harley Quinn appears inLego Batman: The Movie – DC Super Heroes Unite, an adaptation of the video game of thesame name, withLaura Bailey reprising her role.
• Harley Quinn appears inThe Lego Batman Movie, voiced byJenny Slate.^[157]
• Harley Quinn appears inThe Lego Movie 2: The Second Part, voiced by Margot Rubin.^[157]

• Harley Quinn appears in theBatman Black and White motion comics, voiced byJanyse Jaud.
• An alternate universe version of Harley Quinn appears in theJustice League: Gods and Monsters Chronicles episode "Twisted", voiced again by Strong. This version is a serial killer who makes toys and dolls out of the bodies of her victims.
• Harley Quinn appears inDC Super Hero Girls (2015) and its tie-in films, voiced by Tara Strong.^[157] This version is a student at Super Hero High and roommate ofWonder Woman.

• Harley Quinn appears inBatman: The Audio Adventures, voiced byGillian Jacobs.^[200]
• Harley Quinn appears inHarley Quinn and The Joker: Sound Mind, voiced byChristina Ricci.^[201][202]

• Harley appears inThe Adventures of Batman & Robin, voiced again by Arleen Sorkin.
• Harley Quinn appears inBatman Vengeance, voiced again by Arleen Sorkin.^[157]
• Harley Quinn appears inBatman: Rise of Sin Tzu.

Harley Quinn appears as an unlockable character inDC Universe Online, initially reprised by Arleen Sorkin before being replaced by Jen Brown starting in 2016.^[157]

• Harley Quinn appears inLego Batman: The Videogame, voiced byGrey DeLisle. She appears as an enemy of Batman, the 1st deputy of theJoker, and the secondboss of Chapter 3 "The Joker's Return".^[203][204] Harley Quinn inLego Batman is a playable character, can be unlocked through the villain levels, and carries a pistol and her giant mallet. She is one of three bosses that later appear as minibosses, the other two beingTwo-Face andCatwoman.
• Harley Quinn appears as a boss inLego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes, voiced byLaura Bailey.^[205][157]
• Harley Quinn appears as an unlockable playable character inLego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, voiced byTara Strong.
• Harley Quinn appears as a playable character inLego Dimensions, with Tara Strong reprising the role.
• Harley Quinn appears inLego DC Super-Villains, voiced again by Tara Strong.^[206][157] Her design is based onThe New 52.

Harley Quinn appears in theBatman: Arkham franchise, voiced initially byArleen Sorkin and subsequently by Tara Strong.^{[207][208][157]}

• InBatman: Arkham Asylum, Harley takes control of the eponymous asylum to facilitate the Joker's escape.
• InBatman: Arkham City, Harley continues to work with the Joker within the eponymous city prison. Following the Joker's death, Harley watches in shock as Batman carries his corpse out of the Monarch Theater. Harley also appears in the sequelDLCHarley Quinn's Revenge, where she seeks revenge on Batman.
• Harley Quinn appears in the mobile gameBatman: Arkham City Lockdown, a prequel toArkham City.
• Harleen Quinzel appears inBatman: Arkham Origins, which takes place before her transformation into Harley Quinn. She interviews the Joker atBlackgate Prison and falls in love with him after he confesses his fascination with someone he considers special to him. She later appears among the prison's other staff members held hostage by the Joker when he takes over the facility, until she is rescued by Batman.
• Harley returns inBatman: Arkham Knight. Still in charge of the remains of the Joker's gang and vengeful against Batman, she is recruited by theScarecrow to aid in his plot to kill Batman. Additionally, Harley appears as a playable character and boss in the game's DLC packs.^[209]
• Harley appears as an unlockable playable character in the mobile gameBatman: Arkham Underworld.
• Harley appears as a playable character inSuicide Squad: Kill the Justice League.^[210][211]Amanda Waller recruits her into the eponymous group to eliminateBrainiac and the brainwashedJustice League members.
• Harleen Quinzel appears inBatman: Arkham Shadow, which takes place several months after the events ofArkham Origins. Still working as a psychiatrist at Blackgate Prison, she clashes with her colleague Jonathan Crane, who is opposed to her idea of helping the prison's inmates through therapy. She later works with Batman to investigate Crane, discovering he is conducting immoral and illegal experiments on patients, leading to his eventual dismissal.

• Harley Quinn appears as a playable character inInjustice: Gods Among Us, voiced by Tara Strong.^[212][157] An alternate universe version who established the Joker Clan to honor the Joker following his death also appears.^[213]
• Harley Quinn appears as a playable character inInjustice 2, with Tara Strong reprising her role.^{[214][215][157]} She is a main character in the single-player campaign, wherein she serves as an ally of Batman and assists him and the other heroes in combatingBrainiac and theSociety. Harley is also shown to have completely overcome her feelings for the Joker after realizing he had been controlling and abusing her for years.

Harley Quinn appears inBatman: The Enemy Within (the sequel toBatman: The Telltale Series), voiced byLaura Post.^[216][157] This version was driven insane following her father's long bout with mental illness and eventual suicide. Attempting to avoid her father's fate, she joins a criminal organization called the Pact to steal a virus able to cure her hereditary condition. This depiction initially reverses the dynamic between Harley and the Joker. Quinn manipulates and abuses her former patient at Arkham Asylum, named "John Doe", who is infatuated with her. As the series progresses, John's confidence will increase, and depending on the player's choices, he will either aid Bruce Wayne in capturing Quinn or transform into the traditional version of the Joker. In the latter outcome, Harley becomes the Joker's girlfriend, and the two use the virus to threaten Gotham City.

• Harley Quinn appears as a playable character inInfinite Crisis, voiced again by Tara Strong.^[217]
• Harley Quinn appears inScribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.^[218]
• Harley Quinn appears as a playable character in the mobile game,Suicide Squad: Special Ops, based on the film.
• Harley Quinn appears as a playable character inDC Legends andDC Unchained.
• Harley Quinn appears as a DLC costume skin forCassie Cage inMortal Kombat 11.
• Harley Quinn appears as a playableoutfit inFortnite Battle Royale.
• Harley Quinn appears as a playable character inSINoALICE, voiced by Rie Kugimiya.^[219]
• Harley Quinn appears as a playable character inDC Battle Arena, voiced byKira Buckland.^[220][157]
• Harley Quinn appears as a playable character inMultiVersus, voiced by Tara Strong.^[221]
• Harley Quinn appears inGotham Knights, voiced byKari Wahlgren.^[222][157]

• Harley Quinn appears in theInjustice: Gods Among Us prequel comic.
• An alternate version of Harley Quinn appears inBatman '66.^[223][224]
• An alternate version of Harley Quinn appears inBatman '89.^[225][226]

Harley Quinn has her own novel adaptation from comics as part of the DC Comic Novels series.Mad Love was released in November 2018 and written by Pat Cardigan and original co-creator Paul Dini and published byTitan Books.

In 2022,Penguin Random House launched a Harley Quinn line of their young adult DC Icons series, authored by YA author and neuroscientist Rachael Allen.^[227]

Pauline Ketch, a character based on Harley Quinn who goes by the supervillainous alter ego Pretty Polly, appears inThe Refrigerator Monologues.^[228]

• Hybristophilia
• List of Batman family enemies

• Langley, Travis (2012).Batman and Psychology: A Dark and Stormy Knight. New York City, New York:John Wiley & Sons.ISBN 978-1-118-16765-6.
• Barba, Shelley E.; Perrin, Joy M. (2017).The Ascendance of Harley Quinn: Essays on DC's Enigmatic Villain.McFarland & Company.ISBN 978-1476665238.