Hair is a 1979musicalanti-warcomedy-drama film directed byMiloš Forman andadapted for the screen byMichael Weller, based on the 1968 Broadway musicalHair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical. Set against the backdrop of thehippiecounterculture of the Vietnam era, the film focuses on aVietnam Wardraftee who meets and befriends a "tribe" ofhippies while en route to the army induction center. The hippies and their leader introduce him tomarijuana,LSD, and their environment of unorthodox relationships anddraft evasion.

Hair
Theatrical release poster byBill Gold
Directed by	Miloš Forman
Screenplay by	Michael Weller
Based on	Hair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical by Gerome Ragni James Rado
Produced by	Lester Persky Michael Butler
Starring	John Savage Treat Williams Beverly D'Angelo Annie Golden Dorsey Wright Don Dacus Cheryl Barnes Melba Moore Ronnie Dyson
Cinematography	Miroslav Ondříček
Edited by	Alan Heim Stanley Warnow
Music by	Galt MacDermot
Production companies	CIP Filmproduktion GmbH Tribe Entertainment Group
Distributed by	United Artists
Release dates	March 14, 1979 (1979-03-14) (United States) July 12, 1979 (1979-07-12) (West Germany)
Running time	121 minutes[1]
Countries	United States West Germany
Language	English
Budget	$11 million
Box office	$38.3 million[2]

The film stars anensemble cast includingJohn Savage,Treat Williams,Beverly D'Angelo,Annie Golden,Dorsey Wright,Don Dacus,Cheryl Barnes andRonnie Dyson. Dance scenes were choreographed byTwyla Tharp and were performed by Tharp's dancers.Hair was nominated for twoGolden Globes:Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, andNew Star of the Year in a Motion Picture (for Williams).

Claude Hooper Bukowski is sent off from Oklahoma to New York City, after being drafted into the Army. Before his draft board appointment, Claude explores New York; there he encounters a close-knit "tribe" of hippies led by George Berger. He observes the hippies panhandle from a trio of horseback riders...including Short Hills, New Jerseydebutante Sheila Franklin. He later catches and mounts a runaway horse (which the hippies have rented), exhibiting his riding skills to Sheila ("Donna"). Claude returns the horse to Berger, who offers to show him around.

That evening, Claude gets stoned on marijuana with Berger and the tribe. He is then introduced to various race and class issues of the 1960s ("Hashish", "Colored Spade", "Manchester", "I'm Black/Ain't Got No"). The next morning, Berger finds a newspaper clipping that gives Sheila's home address. The tribe members—LaFayette "Hud" Johnson, Jeannie Ryan (who is pregnant) and "Woof Dachshund"—crash a private dinner party to introduce Claude to Sheila, who secretly enjoys her rigid environment being disrupted ("I Got Life"). After the hippies are arrested, Claude uses his last $50 to bail Berger out of jail—where Woof resists having his hair cut ("Hair").

When Sheila is unable to borrow any money from her father, Berger returns to his estranged parents' home. Berger's mom gives him enough cash to bail out his friends. They subsequently attend apeace rally in Central Park, where Claude dropsacid for the first time ("Initials", "Electric Blues/Old Fashioned Melody", "Be In"). Just as Jeannie proposes marriage to Claude, in order to keep him out of the Army, Sheila arrives to apologize. Claude's "trip" reflects his inner conflict over which of three worlds he fits in with: his own native Oklahoman farm culture, Sheila's upper-class society, or the hippies' free-wheeling environment.

Following his "trip", Claude falls out with Berger and the tribe members, ostensibly due to apractical joke on Sheila (taking her clothes while she's skinny-dipping, which forces her to hail a taxi in just her panties), but also due to their philosophical differences over the war in Vietnam—and over personal versus communal responsibility. After wandering the city ("Where Do I Go?"), Claude finally reports to the draft board (“Black Boys/White Boys”), completes his enlistment, and is shipped off to Nevada forbasic training.

It's now Winter in New York when Claude writes to Sheila ("Walking in Space"), who subsequently shares the news with the others. Berger devises a scheme to visit Claude. Meanwhile, Hud's fiancée—with whom he has a son, LaFayette Jr.—wants to marry as they had planned earlier ("Easy to Be Hard"). The tribe members trick Sheila's brother Steve out of his car, then head west to visit Claude.

The hippies arrive at the Army training center in Nevada where Claude is stationed ("Three-Five-Zero-Zero", "Good Morning Starshine"), only to be turned away...ostensibly because the base is on alert, but also because the surly MP on duty (portrayed by real-life MP Donald Alsdurf) doesn't care for their looks. Sheila proceeds to chat up army sergeant Fenton at a local bar, luring him to an isolated desert road where the hippies acquire his uniform and car. Berger cuts his hair and dons the uniform (symbolically becoming a responsible adult), then drives onto the Army base. He finds Claude and offers to replace him for the next headcount, so that Claude can meet Sheila and the others for a going-away picnic in the desert.

Unfortunately, just after a disguised Claude slips away to the picnic, the base becomes fully activated with immediate ship-outs for Vietnam. Berger's ruse is (somehow) never discovered. Clearly horrified at the prospect of joining the war (any war), he is herded onto a plane to be shipped out. Claude returns to the empty barracks and frantically pursues Berger's plane but is unable to reach it before it takes off for Southeast Asia ("The Flesh Failures").

Months later, Claude (who has been dishonorably discharged for going AWOL) and Sheila -- along with the rest of the tribe -- gather at Berger's grave inArlington National Cemetery; the grave marker verifies that Berger was KIA in Vietnam ("Let the Sunshine In"). The film ends ata full-scale peace protest in Washington, D.C.

The film was shot in October 1977. Filming locations included a number of well-known spots in New York City, includingCentral Park'sBethesda Fountain,Sheep Meadow, and the Central Park bandshell; andWashington Square Park. Scenes were also shot at theFort Irwin National Training Center, in theMojave Desert in northernSan Bernardino County, California, and inBarstow, California; as well as inWashington, D.C., at theLincoln Memorial, in theNational Mall.^[3]

• The songs "The Bed", "Dead End", "Oh Great God of Power", "I Believe in Love", "Going Down", "Air", "My Conviction", "Abie Baby", "Frank Mills", and "What a Piece of Work is Man" were omitted. The latter five, even though recorded for the film, were eventually cut, as they slowed the film's pace.^{[citation needed]} These songs are included on themotion picture soundtrack album.
• A few verses from the songs "Manchester, England" and a small portion of "Walking in Space" were removed.
• While the songs "Don't Put It Down" and "Somebody to Love" are not sung by characters in the film, they are both used as background or instrumental music for scenes at the army base. The latter was a new song written by MacDermot for the film.
• Several other differences from songs in the movie appear on the soundtrack, mainly in omitted verses and different orchestrations. One notable difference is that the Broadway version used only a jazz combo while the movie soundtrack use orchestrations that make ample use of full horn and string sections.^[4] Many of the songs have been shortened, sped-up, rearranged, or assigned to different characters to allow for the differences in plot.

Ronny Dyson andMelba Moore, both from the Broadway version ofHair, both sing on "Three Five Zero Zero".

As the film's plot and soundtrack differ greatly from the original musical,Gerome Ragni andJames Rado, who wrote the stage show with composerGalt MacDermot, were unhappy with the film adaptation. They felt it failed to capture the essence ofHair in that hippies were portrayed as "oddballs" and "some sort of aberration" without any connection to thepeace movement.^[6] Ragni and Rado stated, "Any resemblance between the 1979 film and the original Biltmore version, other thansome of the songs, the names of the characters, and a common title, eludes us."^[6] In their view, the screen version ofHair had not yet been produced.^[6]

• In the musical, Claude is a member of a hippie "Tribe", sharing a New York City apartment, leading a bohemian lifestyle, enjoying "free love", and rebelling against both his parents and the draft. Eventually, however, he goes toVietnam.
  • In the film, Claude is rewritten as an innocent draftee fromOklahoma, newly arrived in New York City to join the military. In New York, he gets caught up with the group of hippies while awaiting deployment to Army training camp. They introduce Claude to theirpsychedelically-inspired style of living; eventually, the Tribe drives out to Nevada with the intention of visiting Claude at training camp.
• In the musical, Sheila is an outspoken feminist leader of the Tribe who loves Berger as well as Claude.
  • In the film, Sheila is a high-societydebutante who catches Claude's eye.
• In the film, Berger is not only the Tribe's de-facto leader, but is assigned some of Claude's conflict involving whether or not to obey the draft. A major plot change from the musical results in Berger being accidentally sent to Vietnam (despite having had no military training or indoctrination), in Claude's place. Soon thereafter, Berger is killed in action.
• The musical focuses on the U.S.peace movement, as well as the love relationships among the Tribe members.
  • The film, however, focuses on the carefree antics of the hippies.

Hair was shown out of competition at the1979 Cannes Film Festival.^[7]

The film earned $15.3 million in the United States and Canada.^[8] By the end of 1979, it had grossed $38,290,492 worldwide.^[2]

Hair received generally favorable reviews from critics at the time of release; it currently holds an 82% "fresh" rating on review aggregate websiteRotten Tomatoes from 60 reviews. The critical consensus reads, "Spiritedly performed by a groovy cast and imaginatively directed by Milos Forman,Hair transports audiences straight to the Age of Aquarius."^[9]

ForThe New York Times,Vincent Canby called it "a rollicking musical memoir.... [Michael] Weller's inventions make thisHair seem much funnier than I remember the show's having been. They also provide time and space for the development of characters who, on the stage, had to express themselves almost entirely in song.... The entire cast is superb.... Mostly... the film is a delight."^[10]Frank Rich said: "If ever a project looked doomed, it was this one" (referring to the "largely plotless" and dated musical upon which it was based, Forman's andTharp's lack of movie musical experience, the "largely unproven cast" and the film's "grand budget"); but that in spite of these obstacles, "Hair succeeds at all levels—as lowdown fun, as affecting drama, as exhilarating spectacle and as provocative social observation. It achieves its goals by rigorously obeying the rules of classic American musical comedy: dialogue, plot, song and dance blend seamlessly to create a juggernaut of excitement. Though every cut and camera angle inHair appears to have been carefully conceived, the total effect is spontaneous. Like the best movie musicals of the '50s (Singin' in the Rain) and the '60s (A Hard Day's Night),Hair leaps from one number to the next. Soon the audience is leaping too."^[11]

Gene Siskel andRoger Ebert both placedHair on their list of Top Films of 1979. Siskel named it as the best film of the year, #1 on his list.^{[citation needed]}

At the37th Golden Globe Awards,Hair was nominated for aBest Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, and Williams was nominated forNew Star of the Year in a Motion Picture – Male. The film was also nominated forBest Foreign Film at the1980 César Awards, losing toWoody Allen'sManhattan (which was also released by United Artists).

Years later, Forman cited his loss of hismoral rights to the film to the studio as eventually leading to his 1997 John Huston Award for Artists Rights^[12] fromthe Film Foundation:^[13]

What was behind that [award] was that one day I had in my contract that when the studio wants to sellHair ...to the network but they have to have my, you know, consent or how would they...what they do with it. But I didn't have this, so what they did, they didn't sell it to the network, they sold it tosyndicated television where I didn't have that right. What happened: the film played on 115 syndicated stations practically all over the United States, and it's a musical. Out of 22 musical numbers, 11 musical numbers were cut out from the film, and yet it was still presented as a Milos Forman film,Hair. It was totally incomprehensible, jibberish, butchered beyond belief...

The New York Times placed the film on itsBest 1000 Movies Ever list.^[14]

The film is recognized byAmerican Film Institute in these lists:

• 2004:AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
  • "Aquarius" – #33^[15]
• 2006:AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – Nominated^[16]

Hair was released on VHS by 20th Century Fox Video in 1982 with later VHS releases from MGM/UA Home Video (distributed byWarner Home Video). The film was released on DVD by MGM Home Entertainment on April 27, 1999, as a Region 1 widescreen DVD, and on Blu-ray on June 7, 2011.

• Hair atIMDb  
• Hair atBox Office Mojo 
• Hair atMetacritic 
• Hair atRotten Tomatoes 
• Hair at theAFI Catalog of Feature Films 
• Hair at theTCM Movie Database 
• TrailerArchived 2011-07-17 at theWayback Machine from trailerfan.com