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| HTML |
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| HTML and variants |
| HTML elements and attributes |
| Editing |
| Character encodings and language |
| Document and browser models |
| Client-side scripting and APIs |
| Graphics and Web3D technology |
| Comparisons |
AnHTML editor is a program used for editing HTML, the markup of a web page. Although the HTML markup in a web page can be controlled with any text editor, specialized HTML editors can offer convenience, added functionality, and organisation. For example, many HTML editors handle not only HTML, but also related technologies such as CSS,JavaScript, orECMAScript. In some cases, they also manage communication with remote web servers via FTP and WebDAV, and version control systems such as Subversion or Git. Many word processing, graphic design, and page layout programs that are not dedicated toweb design, such as Microsoft Word or QuarkXPress, also have the ability to edit & export HTML documents.[1]
Text editors intended for use with HTML usually provide at leastsyntax highlighting. Some editors additionally featuretemplates,toolbars, andkeyboard shortcuts to quickly insert commonHTML elements and structures.Wizards,tooltip prompts, andautocompletion may help with common tasks.
Text editors commonly used for HTML typically include either built-in functions or integration with external tools for such tasks asversion control, link-checking andvalidation,code cleanup and formatting, spell-checking, uploading by FTP or WebDAV, and structuring as a project. Some functions, such as link checking or validation, may useonline tools, requiring a network connection.
Text editors require user understanding of HTML and any other web technologies the designer wishes to use, like CSS, JavaScript andserver-side scripting languages.
To ease this requirement, some editors allow editing of the markup in morevisually organized modes than simple color highlighting, but in modes not considered WYSIWYG. These editors typically include the option of usingpalette windows ordialog boxes to edit the text-based parameters of selectedobjects. These palettes allow editing parameters in individual fields, or inserting new tags by filling out an onscreen form, and may include additionalwidgets to present and select options when editing parameters (such as previewing an image or text styles) or an outline editor to expand and collapse HTML objects and properties.
WYSIWYG HTML editors provide an editing interface that resembles how the page will be displayed in aweb browser. Because using a WYSIWYG editor may not require any HTML knowledge, they are often easier for an inexperienced computer user to get started with.
The WYSIWYG view is achieved by embedding alayout engine. This may be custom-written or based on one used in a web browser. The goal is that, at all times during editing, therendered result should represent what will be seen later in a typical web browser.[2]
WYSIWYM (what you see is what you mean) is an alternative paradigm to WYSIWYG editors. Instead of focusing on the format or presentation of the document, it preserves the intended meaning of each element. For example, page headers, sections, paragraphs, etc., are labeled as such in the editing program and displayed appropriately in the browser.[citation needed]
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A given HTML document will have an inconsistent appearance on variousplatforms and computers for several reasons:
HTML is a structuredmarkup language. There are certain rules on how HTML must be written if it is to conform toW3C standards for the World Wide Web. Following these rules means that web sites are accessible on all types and makes of computer, to able-bodied and people with disabilities, and also onwireless devices like mobile phones and PDAs, with their limited bandwidths and screen sizes. However, most HTML documents on the web do not meet the requirements of W3C standards. In a study conducted in 2011 on the 350 most popular web sites (selected by the Alexa index), 94 percent of websites fail the web standards markup and style sheet validation tests, or apply character encoding improperly. Even those syntactically correct documents may be inefficient due to an unnecessary use of repetition, or based upon rules that have beendeprecated for some years.Current W3C recommendations on the use of CSS with HTML were first formalised by W3C in 1996[6] and have been revised and refined since then.[7][8]
These guidelines emphasise the separation of content (HTML or XHTML) from style (CSS). This has the benefit of delivering the style information once for a whole site, not repeated in each page, let alone in each HTML element. WYSIWYG editor designers have been struggling ever since with how best to present these concepts to their users without confusing them by exposing the underlying reality. Modern WYSIWYG editors all succeed in this to some extent, but none of them has succeeded entirely.
Valid markup promotes accessibility and consistency regardless of whether a page was created by hand or through a WYSIWYG editor. Compliance with web standards helps ensure content renders correctly across different browsers and devices. Validation tools such as theW3C HTML Validator andW3C CSS Validator allow authors to check syntax and confirm technical accuracy prior to publication.[9]
Accessibility of web pages by those with physical, eyesight or other disabilities is not only a good idea considering the ubiquity and importance of the web in modern society, but is also mandated by law. In the U.S., theAmericans with Disabilities Act and in the UK, theDisability Discrimination Act place requirement on web sites operated by publicly funded organizations. In many other countries similar laws either already exist or soon will.[9]Making pages accessible is more complex than just making them valid; that is a prerequisite but there are many other factors to be considered.[10] Good web design, whether done using a WYSIWYG tool or not needs to take account of these too.
Whatever software tools are used to design, create and maintain web pages, the quality of the underlying HTML is dependent on the skill of the person who works on the page. Some knowledge of HTML, CSS and other scripting languages as well as a familiarity with the current W3C recommendations in these areas will help any designer produce better web pages, with a WYSIWYG HTML editor and without.[11]
