Hạ Long (Vietnamese:[hâːˀlawŋm]^ⓘ |transl. 'descending dragon') is a first-class provincial city and the capital city ofQuảng Ninh province,Vietnam. It was found in 1993, when the old capital, Hòn Gai, was merged withBãi Cháy, the main tourist area. The city mainly lies onHạ Long Bay, and is located at about 178 km (111 mi) east ofHà Nội. The city's population in 2019 was 270,054.^[1][2]

Hạ Long Hồng Gai
Provincial city (Class-1)
Hạ Long City Thành phố Hạ Long
From top to bottom, from left to right: a view of the city from Bài Thơ mountain, stalactites in Thiên Cung cave,Hạ Long Bay, resort on Rêu island inBãi Cháy ward,Bãi Cháy Bridge
Seal
Hạ Long Location in Vietnam
Coordinates:20°57′N107°05′E / 20.950°N 107.083°E /20.950; 107.083
Country	Vietnam
Province	Quảng Ninh
Government
• Type	People's Committee and People's Council
• Chairman of People's Council	Nguyễn Thế Thịnh
• Chairman of People's Committee	Phạm Hồng Hà
Area
• Total	1,119.12 km2 (432.09 sq mi)
Population  (2019 census)
• Total	270,054
• Density	240/km2 (620/sq mi)
Climate	Cwa
Website	halongcity.gov.vn

Hạ Long's economy shifted its economic focus from coal mining to tourism in 2012, due to the large number of visitors drawn by theHạ Long Bay every year.^[3] Hạ Long enjoys rapid growth not only in its own tourism sphere, but also as a destination upon the main pathway tosouthern China.^[4] In the 2007 Vietnam-China Business Forum, a $400 million deal was signed to build a highway linking Hạ Long and the border city ofMóng Cái. The highway began construction in 2015 and was completed in 2022.^[5]

Hạ Long is divided into two parts. The eastern part, known colloquially as Hòn Gai, where most of the governing offices and industrial infrastructure are concentrated, is connected by acable-stayed bridge to the western part,Bãi Cháy, known as an area for tourism.

Being a coastal city, Hạ Long bears unique potentials of tourism and seaport due to its land lies along the shore of Hạ Long Bay by 50 km. Hạ Long is 160 km to the north-east fromHà Nội, 60 km to the East fromHải Phòng, 180 km to the south-west fromMóng Cái international border gate, and bounded by theGulf of Tonkin to the south. Hạ Long has strategic location of economic development, security of the region and the country.

Mankind has been present in Hạ Long for a long time. Archaeologists and historians concluded that during theStone Age, there had been three cultures known as Soi Nhụ, Hạ Long and Cái Bèo, affirming that the bay and its surrounding areas were one of the cradles of mankind.^[6] The heartland of today's Hạ Long is formerly a fishing village named Bãi Hàu (lit. 'Oyster coast'). By the beginning of theDynasty of Nguyễn, it was renamed to Mẫu Lệ. The current city was then part ofHoành Bồ.

In 1883, duringFrench rule, the French carried out coal mining in the mines on the bay's coast. As many islands were populated with hemp, the French called themIle des brouilles or a name translated from "Hòn Gai" to "Hòn Gay", and later renamed them Hòn Gai. According to the researchers, "Hòn Gai" is a deviation from the place of the French Red Sea at that time. The "H" is a silent sound when spoken in French. During this period, Hòn Gai was an administrative unit of Quảng Yên province.

After theAugust Revolution in 1945, this township became the capital town of the huge Hồng Gai mine area. Later in 1946, the French retook Hòn Gai. After the1954 Geneva Conference, Hòn Gai became the capital of the special district of Hồng Quảng. On October 30, 1963, the Vietnamese government combined Hải Ninh province and Hồng Quảng to establish the province ofQuảng Ninh, with Hòn Gai becoming its capital, and the province's boundaries being expanded. The Hòn Gai town center provided coal for all industrial zones ofNorth Vietnam. It was also one of the gateways that lead to China, and as such, it was frequently targeted by U.S. forces during theVietnam War. The Bãi Cháy ferry line (decommissioned in 2007 and replaced by theBãi Cháy Bridge) was the most important transportation hub, was the target of many U.S. bombardments, and was awardedHero of the People's Armed Forces three times.

On December 27, 1993, the government issued Decree No. 102/CP, where Hòn Gai officially gained city status and was renamed to Hạ Long, while also incorporatingBãi Cháy into its territory.

On December 17, 2019, the city's committee announced its intention to incorporate Hoành Bồ into its territory.^[7]

In the south of the city lies Mount Bài Thơ with its almost vertical seaward face, which was widely traversed by a number of historically known local poets. The limestone peak is rich in biodiversity and offers attractive views of the bay. Other places of interest include the Town of Cửa Vận, Hoàng Gia Park, Hạ Long Market, Bãi Cháy Trading Center, Quảng Ninh Museum and Library,Tuần Châu island, Vietnam-Japan Cultural House, Children's Cultural House, and the Sun World complex.^[9]

The city has an activeCatholic church in its eastern part, Hòn Gai, on the hill near the main post office, which hosts masses every Sunday evening and on Christian holidays.^[10]

The city is subdivided to 33commune-level subdivisions, including 21wards and 12rural communes:

The city comprises five economic areas:

• Area 1:Trading, services including the wards of Yết Kiêu, Trần Hưng Đạo, Hồng Gai, Bạch Đằng, Hồng Hải, Hồng Hà, Cao Xanh and Cao Thắng.
• Area 2:Industry, forestry including the wards of Hà Trung, Hà Tu, Hà Khánh, Hà Lầm and Hà Phong.
• Area 3:Industry, seaports including north-west of Bãi Cháy, north of Việt Hưng, Giếng Đáy and Hà Khẩu.
• Area 4:Tourism, trading including south of Bãi Cháy, Hùng Thắng and Tuần Châu.
• Area 5:Agriculture, fishery including Việt Hưng and Đại Yên.

The structure of Hạ Long's economy includes: Industry-tourism, services, trading, agriculture, forestry and fishery. In 2002, city's GDP increased up to VND 1,6669.7 billion (pricing of 1994), accounting for 38% of the whole province, of which industry and construction occupy 31%, tourism and services occupy 53%; revenue collection accounts for 86.3% of the province. Annual GDP growth rate is 11.4%. GDP per capital reached US$1,070 in 2002, higher than per capita income of the country in that time.^[12]

Hạ Long City has 1,470 industry and handicrafts manufacturing units, including coal mining and processing, ship building, building materials, mechanic,wood processing, food, foodstuff and garment. There are 3 industrial zones: Cái Lân (with Cái Lân Port, one of the biggest ports inNorth Vietnam), Đồng Đăng and Hà Khánh.

TheVan Don International Airport serves Hạ Long and the wider Quảng Ninh province. It is located approximately 50 km (31 mi) east of Hạ Long.

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  Bãi Cháy Bridge
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  Fishers' boats on bay
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  Traditional red sails on Hạ Long style's boat contrast with blue water surface
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  Limestone islands
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  Sailing towards Ha Long Bay
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  Ha Long
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  Sun Wheel

•   Media related toHa Long at Wikimedia Commons
• Official website
• Tourism website