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TheGrove cell was an early electricprimary cell named after its inventor,Welsh physical scientistWilliam Robert Grove, and consisted of azincanode in dilutesulfuric acid and aplatinumcathode in concentratednitric acid, the two separated by a porous ceramic pot.
The Grove cell voltage is about 1.9 volts and arises from the following reaction:
The Grove cell was the favored power source of the early Americantelegraph system in the period 1840 – 1860 because it offered a high current output and highervoltage than the earlierDaniell cell (at 1.9 volts and 1.1 volts, respectively).
By the time of theAmerican Civil War, as telegraph traffic increased, the Grove cell's tendency to discharge poisonousnitrogen dioxide (NO2) fumes proved increasingly hazardous to health, and as telegraphs became more complex, the need for constant voltage became critical. The Grove cell was limited in this respect, because as the cell discharged, voltage reduced. Eventually, Grove cells were replaced in use byDaniell cells.
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