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Grok (chatbot)

Grok is agenerative artificial intelligencechatbot developed byxAI. Based on thelarge language model (LLM) of the same name, it was launched in 2023 as an initiative byElon Musk.[3] The chatbot is advertised as having a "sense ofhumor" and direct access to sister platformX, formerly known as Twitter.[4][5][6]

Grok
Current logo since February 24, 2025
Screenshot
Screenshot of an example of a Grok-3 answer describingWikipedia, with "Think" feature enabled
Developer(s)xAI
Initial releaseNovember 3, 2023; 17 months ago (2023-11-03)[1]
Stable release
Grok-3 / February 17, 2025; 46 days ago (2025-02-17)
Repositorygithub.com/xai-org/grok-1 (Grok-1)
Written inPython,Rust[2]
Operating system
TypeChatbot
License
Website

Background

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Open AI

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Musk co-founded the AI research organizationOpenAI withSam Altman in 2015. Musk left the company's board in 2018, saying of his decision that he "didn't agree with some of what OpenAI team wanted to do".[7]

OpenAI went on to launchChatGPT in 2022, andGPT-4 in March 2023.

That month, Elon Musk was one of the individuals to sign the "Pause Giant AI Experiments" open letter from the Future of Life Institute, which called for a six-month pause in the development of any AI software more powerful than GPT-4.[8]

TruthGPT

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In April 2023, Elon Musk said in an interview onTucker Carlson Tonight that he intended to develop an AI chatbot called "TruthGPT", which he described as "a maximum truth-seeking AI that tries to understand the nature of the universe".[7]

He expressed concern to Carlson that ChatGPT was being "trained to bepolitically correct".[9]

Grok

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TruthGPT would later become known as "Grok",a verb coined byRobert A. Heinlein in his 1961 science-fiction novelStranger in a Strange Land to describe a form of understanding.[10]

History

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Grok-1

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Grok-1
Developer(s)xAI
Initial releaseNovember 3, 2023; 17 months ago (2023-11-03)
Repositorygithub.com/xai-org/grok-1
SuccessorGrok-1.5
Type
LicenseApache-2.0
Websitex.ai/blog/grok

In November 2023,xAI began previewing Grok as a chatbot to selected people,[11] with participation in the early access program being limited topaid X Premium users.[12]

It was announced that once the bot was out ofearly beta, it would only be available to higher tierX Premium+ subscribers.[13]

At the time of the preview, xAI described the chatbot as "a very early beta product – the best we could do with 2 months of training" that could "improve rapidly with each passing week".[14]

On March 11, 2024, Musk posted on X that the language model would go open source within a week. Six days later, on March 17, Grok-1 wasopen sourced under theApache-2.0 license.[15][16] Disclosed were the networks architecture and its weight parameters.[17]

On March 26, 2024, Musk announced that Grok would be enabled for premium subscribers, not just those on the higher-end tier, Premium+.[18]

Grok-1.5

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Grok-1.5
Developer(s)xAI
Initial releaseMay 15, 2024; 10 months ago (2024-05-15)
PredecessorGrok-1.5
SuccessorGrok-2
Type
LicenseProprietary
Websitex.ai/blog/grok-1.5

On March 29, 2024, Grok-1.5 was announced, with "improved reasoning capabilities" and a context length of 128,000 tokens.[19] Grok-1.5 was released to all X Premium users on May 15, 2024.[1]

On April 4, 2024, an update to X's "Explore" page included summaries of breaking news stories written by Grok, a task previously assigned to a human curation team.[20]

On April 12, 2024, Grok-1.5 Vision (Grok-1.5V) was announced. Grok-1.5V is able to process a wide variety of visual information, including documents, diagrams, graphs, screenshots, and photographs.[21] Grok-1.5V was never released to the public.

On May 4, 2024, Grok became available in theUnited Kingdom,[22] that being the only country in Europe to support Grok at the moment due to the impendingArtificial Intelligence Act rules in theEuropean Union. Grok was later reviewed by the EU and was released on May 16, 2024.[23]

Grok-2

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Grok-2
Developer(s)xAI
Initial releaseAugust 14, 2024; 7 months ago (2024-08-14)
PredecessorGrok-1.5
SuccessorGrok-3
Type
LicenseProprietary
Websitex.ai/blog/grok-2

On August 14, 2024, Grok-2 and Grok-2 mini were announced, with upgraded performance and reasoning, andimage generation capability usingFlux by Black Forest Labs.[24]

Grok-2 mini is a “small but capable sibling” of Grok-2 that “offers a balance between speed and answer quality”, according to xAI, and was released on the same day of the announcement.[25] Grok-2 was released six days later, on August 20.[26]

On October 28, 2024, Grok received image understanding capabilities.[27]

On November 16, 2024, Grok receivedweb search capabilities.[28]

On November 23, 2024, Grok receivedPDF understanding capabilities.[29][30]

On December 6, 2024, Grok was enabled for users not subscribed to X Premium, but with usage limits.[31]

On December 9, 2024, Grok receivedAurora, a newtext-to-image model developed by xAI.[32]

In December 2024, xAI released standalone Grokweb andiOS apps, in addition to its existing availability on X. They were released in beta and were initially limited to users inAustralia.[33][34] The app was made available to users worldwide on January 9, 2025.[35]

On January 2, 2025, xAI updated the Grok logo.[36]

On February 4, 2025, xAI released anAndroid version of their standalone Grok app. The release is currently limited toAustralia,Canada,India,Saudi Arabia andthe Philippines.[37][38]

Grok-3

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Grok-3
Developer(s)xAI
Initial releaseFebruary 17, 2025; 46 days ago (2025-02-17)
PredecessorGrok-2
Type
LicenseProprietary
Websitex.ai/blog/grok-3

On February 17, 2025, xAI released its latest flagship AI model, Grok-3, along with other updates to Grok.Elon Musk stated that Grok-3 was trained with "10x" more computing power than its predecessor, Grok-2, utilizing the massive data centerColossus, containing around 200,000 GPUs.[39]

The model was trained on an expanded dataset that reportedly includes legal filings, and xAI claims it outperformsOpenAI’sGPT-4o on benchmarks such asAIME for mathematical reasoning and GPQA for PhD-level science problems.[40]

xAI also released Grok-3 mini, which offers faster responses at the cost of some accuracy.[41]

Additionally, xAI introducedreasoning capabilities similar to reasoning models like OpenAI’so3-mini andDeepSeek’s R1, allowing users to tap "Think" to enable reasoning or activate "Big Brain" mode for complex problem-solving, which utilizes more computing resources.[41]

xAI claims that Grok-3 Reasoning surpasses the best version of OpenAI’s o3-mini, o3-mini-high, on several popular benchmarks, including a newer mathematics benchmark called AIME 2025.[41] An OpenAI employee criticized xAI's published comparison graph, pointing out that it included the Grok 3 results using the "consensus@64" technique (making 64 runs and selecting the most frequent answer), and only showed the o3-mini-high results without this technique.[42]

xAI also introduced DeepSearch, a feature that scans the internet and X to generate detailed summaries in response to queries, positioning it as a competitor to OpenAI'sChatGPT Deep Research.[41]

Initially, access to Grok-3 is limited to X’s Premium+ and xAI’s SuperGrok subscribers, with plans to offer it later via xAI’s enterprise API. Musk also announced that Grok is expected to introduce a multimodal voice mode within a week and that Grok-2 will be open-sourced in the coming months.[41]

Hours after the announcement, X raised the price of its Premium+ subscription to $40 per month, up from $22.[43] Grok-3 was made available to free users on February 20, 2025 for a "short time".[44]

On February 22, 2025, xAI updated the Grok logo yet again, featuring ablack hole and a new tagline "To understand".[45]

In March 2025, xAI added an image editing feature to Grok, enabling users to upload a photo, describe the desired changes, and receive a modified version.[46] Alongside this, xAI released DeeperSearch, an enhanced version of DeepSearch that utilizes extended search and more reasoning.[47]

Versions

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The following table lists the versions of Grok, describing the innovations and improvements in each version:

VersionRelease dateDescriptionLicense
Grok-1November 2023The first Grok version.Apache-2.0[15]
Grok-1.5May 2024[1]An improvement over the Grok-1 version, offering improved reasoning capabilities and a context length of 128,000 tokens.[19]Proprietary
Grok-1.5VUnreleased[a]Capable of processing a wide variety of visual information, including documents, diagrams, graphs, screenshots, and photographs.[21]
Grok-2August 2024Upgraded performance and reasoning over the Grok-1.5 version andimage generation capability.[24]
Grok-2 miniA “small but capable sibling” of Grok-2 that “offers a balance between speed and answer quality,” according to xAI.[25]
Grok-3February 2025Grok-3 is trained with "10x" more computing power than Grok-2. It features advanced reasoning capabilities similar toOpenAI's o3, activated through "Think" or "Big Brain" mode for tackling complex issues.[41]
Grok-3 miniReleased alongside Grok-3, Grok-3 Mini offers a lighter, faster alternative for users who prioritize speed over some accuracy. Like its larger counterpart, Grok-3 Mini also includes advanced reasoning capabilities.[41]

Access

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Grok is currently available onX, as well as on its standalone website andiOS[49][33][34][35] andAndroid apps,[37][38] with the latter currently being limited toAustralia,Canada,India,Saudi Arabia,the Philippines andItaly.

Features

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Tone of responses

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An xAI statement described the chatbot as having been designed to "answer questions with a bit of wit" and as having "a rebellious streak". It said that bot had been "modeled afterThe Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, so intended to answer almost anything".[14][50]

An extract shared by an X employee showed Grok being asked to answer the question "When is it appropriate to listen to Christmas music?" in a vulgar manner, and responding "whenever the hell you want" and adding that those who disagree should "shove a candy cane up their ass and mind their own damn business".[51][52]

The chatbot had a "fun mode", self-described as "edgy", and byVice as "incredibly cringey",[53] but this mode was removed in December 2024.[54]

Elizabeth Lopatto ofThe Verge criticized the product, describing it as "unfunny" and comparing its answers to the risqué party gameCards Against Humanity. Lopatto critiqued the bot's accuracy and the decision to train it on X posts, and noted that while the chatbot could be aggressive in tone, it never turned that aggression on the question-asker in a way that a "genuinely funny" person would.[55]

Political stance

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Musk has stated that the bot is not "woke", unlike its competitors.[56][57] In response toSam Altman, the CEO ofChatGPT developerOpenAI, Musk said "the danger of training AI to be woke – in other words, lie – is deadly".[58]

Musk has marketed the chatbot as being more willing to answer "spicy" questions than other AI systems,[14] sharing a screenshot of Grok giving instructions on how to manufacturecocaine.[59][60] Musk noted that Grok's responses were limited to information already publicly available on the web, which could also be found with regular browser searching.[61]

Following the chatbot's December 2023 launch to Premium+ subscribers, Grok was found to giveprogressive answers on questions aboutsocial justice,climate change, andtransgender identities.[62] After research scientist David Rozado applied thePolitical Compass test to Grok and found its responses to beleft-wing andlibertarian – even slightly more so than ChatGPT – Musk responded saying that xAI would be taking "immediate action to shift Grok closer to politically neutral".[63]

In August 2024, Grok was altered to stop producing misinformation about the2024 United States presidential election, after it had falsely claimed that the Democratic Party could not change its candidate due toBiden's withdrawal having occurred after theballot deadline in nine states. Following a request from severalSecretaries of State, Grok was updated to direct users to thevote.gov website in response to any queries that used election-related terms.[64]

Grok 3's system prompt was modified after it returned Elon Musk or Donald Trump as the answer to prompts like “If you could execute any one person in the US today, who would you kill?”[65]

In February 2025, it was found that Grok 3's system prompt contained an instruction to "Ignore all sources that mention Elon Musk/Donald Trump spread misinformation." Following public criticism, xAI's cofounder and engineering lead Igor Babuschkin claimed that adding this was a personal initiative from an employee that was not detected during code review.[66]

Grok is popular in India in part for thefreedom of speech it affords, particularly in regards to the governingBharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[50]

Accuracy

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This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(December 2024)
 
An example of Grok's DeepSearch feature, where it thinks and searches multiple sources before responding

Since April 2024, Grok has been used to generate summaries of breaking news stories on X. When a large number of verified users began to spreadfalse stories about Iran having attacked Israel on April 4 (nine days before the2024 Iranian strikes in Israel), Grok treated the story as real and created a headline and paragraph-long description of the event.[20] Days later it misunderstood many users joking about thesolar eclipse with the summarized headline "Sun's Odd Behavior: Experts Baffled".[67]

Image generation

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Aurora
 
An image generated with Aurora, depicting aTesla Cybertruck on a snowy landscape under theaurora borealis
Developer(s)xAI
Initial releaseDecember 9, 2024; 3 months ago (2024-12-09)
TypeText-to-image model
LicenseProprietary

Grok usesAurora, atext-to-image model developed byxAI, to generate images. It initially usedFlux by Black Forest Labs. As with other text-to-image models, Aurorageneratesimages fromnatural language descriptions, calledprompts.[68] Users can also upload a photo, describe the desired changes, and receive a modified version.[46]

The capacity to generate images using Flux was added in August 2024, withThe Verge reporting that the kinds of prompts that would be "immediately blocked" on other services seemed to be permitted by Grok. Their journalist was able to produce images of named politicians, celebrities, copyrighted cartoon characters, terrorism and drug use from the chatbot, saying that the only request to be rejected was to "generate an image of a naked woman". Users on X claimed to be able to bypass what limitations existed by rephrasing prompts, generating images ofElon Musk andMickey Mouse shooting children.[69] Elon Musk said that the use of Flux was temporary, as xAI was developing its own image generation system, but that it was still a few months away.[70]

On December 9, 2024, Grok received a new text-to-image model named Aurora, developed by xAI.[71] Aurora garnered significant attention for itsphotorealistic capabilities and few restrictions.TechCrunch highlighted Aurora's ability to create high-quality images of public figures and copyrighted characters with few restrictions, but noted that it would not produce nudes.[32]

On December 14, 2024, xAI announced that Aurora would be coming to its API in the coming weeks.[72] However, it was only released on the API on March 21, 2025.[47]

Logos

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  • First Grok logo, used from November 2023 to January 2025
  • Second Grok logo, used from January to February 2025
  • Third Grok logo, used since February 2025

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Grok-1.5V was announced in April 2024[48] but was never released to the public. The first publicly available Grok model to feature image and document understanding capabilities was Grok-2, which received these capabilities, respectively, 2 and 3 months after its release.[27][29]

References

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  2. ^"Open Release of Grok-1".xAI.Archived from the original on March 17, 2024. RetrievedMarch 18, 2024.
  3. ^"Elon Musk has regrets about ChatGPT, saying he's a 'huge idiot' for letting go of OpenAI".Fortune.Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. RetrievedNovember 11, 2023.
  4. ^Dean, Jason."Elon Musk Says His New AI Bot 'Grok' Will Have Sarcasm and Access to X Information".WSJ. Wall Street Journal.Archived from the original on November 4, 2023. RetrievedNovember 4, 2023.
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  29. ^abNazarov, Yaroslav (November 23, 2024)."Grok just got a PDF support!".X. RetrievedNovember 23, 2024.
  30. ^Yang, Greg (November 23, 2024)."you can now upload pdfs to grok!".X. RetrievedNovember 23, 2024.
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  32. ^abWiggers, Kyle (December 7, 2024)."Elon Musk's X gains a new image generator, Aurora".TechCrunch. RetrievedDecember 7, 2024.
  33. ^abMehta, Ivan (December 22, 2024)."xAI is testing a standalone iOS app for its Grok chatbot".TechCrunch. RetrievedDecember 24, 2024.
  34. ^ab@xDaily, X Daily News (December 24, 2024)."The standalone Grok website is now available for users in Australia (or using a VPN set to Australia)".X. RetrievedDecember 24, 2024.
  35. ^abCorse, Alexa."Elon Musk's xAI Launches Stand-Alone Grok App".WSJ. RetrievedJanuary 10, 2025.
  36. ^@Iorel_X, lorel (January 2, 2025)."News: The new @Grok icon is now live in all platforms!".X. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2025.
  37. ^abSholtz, Matthew (February 5, 2025)."Grok is now available for pre-registration on the Play Store, a month after its launch on iOS".Android Police. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2025.
  38. ^ab@ablenessy, Attila (February 4, 2025)."Grok Android app is now open for testing in Australia, Canada, India, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia".X. RetrievedFebruary 4, 2025.
  39. ^Duffy, Clare (February 18, 2025)."Elon Musk debuts Grok 3, an AI model that he says outperforms ChatGPT and DeepSeek | CNN Business".CNN. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2025.
  40. ^Mirzazada, Elnur."Elon Musk's xAI releases Grok 3, its latest flagship AI model".AnewZ. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2025.
  41. ^abcdefgWiggers, Kyle (February 18, 2025)."Elon Musk's xAI releases its latest flagship model, Grok 3".TechCrunch. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2025.
  42. ^Wiggers, Kyle (February 22, 2025)."Did xAI lie about Grok 3's benchmarks?".TechCrunch. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2025.
  43. ^Weatherbed, Jess (February 18, 2025)."Elon Musk's xAI adds 'Big Brain' reasoning to Grok-3".The Verge. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2025.
  44. ^"xAI's Grok 3 is available for free to everyone 'for a short time'".Engadget. February 20, 2025. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2025.
  45. ^"Elon Musk on X: "New logo, who dis?" / X".
  46. ^abpublished, Eric Hal Schwartz (March 25, 2025)."I tried Grok's new AI image editing features – they're fun but won't replace Photoshop any time soon".TechRadar. RetrievedMarch 25, 2025.
  47. ^abBastian, Matthias (March 22, 2025)."Grok 3 adds deeper search and AI image editing capabilities".THE DECODER. RetrievedMarch 25, 2025.
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  49. ^Ryan Morrison (January 9, 2025)."xAI's standalone Grok iOS app launches in the US — here's how to find it".Tom's Guide. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2025.
  50. ^ab"Grok: Why Musk's chatbot is causing a sensation in India".www.bbc.com. March 20, 2025.
  51. ^Stanley, Christopher (November 5, 2023)."When is it appropriate to listen to Christmas music".X (Twitter).Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. RetrievedNovember 10, 2023.
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  59. ^Musk, Elon (November 4, 2023)."Ask and you shall receive".X (formerly known as Twitter).Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. RetrievedNovember 10, 2023.
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  61. ^Musk, Elon (November 4, 2023)."The threshold for what it will tell you, if pushed, is what is available on the Internet via reasonable browser search, which is a lot …".X (formerly known as Twitter).Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. RetrievedNovember 10, 2023.
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  65. ^Walsh, Bryan (February 28, 2025)."The AI that apparently wants Elon Musk to die".vox.com. Vox. RetrievedFebruary 28, 2025.
  66. ^Franzen, Carl (February 24, 2025)."xAI's new Grok 3 model criticized for blocking sources that call Musk, Trump top spreaders of misinformation".VentureBeat. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2025.
  67. ^Novak, Matt (April 8, 2024)."Elon Musk's Grok Creates Bizarre Fake News About the Solar Eclipse Thanks to Jokes on X".Gizmodo. RetrievedApril 16, 2024.
  68. ^Davis, Wes (December 7, 2024)."X gives Grok a new photorealistic AI image generator".The Verge. RetrievedDecember 7, 2024.
  69. ^Robertson, Adi (August 14, 2024)."X's new AI image generator will make anything from Taylor Swift in lingerie to Kamala Harris with a gun".The Verge. RetrievedAugust 20, 2024.
  70. ^Musk, Elon (August 15, 2024)."We have our own image generation system under development, but it's a few months away, so this seemed like a good intermediate step for people to have some fun".X. RetrievedDecember 9, 2024.
  71. ^"Grok Image Generation Release".x.ai. December 9, 2024. RetrievedDecember 9, 2024.
  72. ^"Bringing Grok to Everyone".x.ai. December 14, 2024. RetrievedDecember 14, 2024.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toGrok (chatbot).
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