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Ministry of finance

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Aministry of finance is aministry or othergovernment agency in charge ofgovernment finance,fiscal policy, andfinancial regulation. It is headed by afinance minister, an executive orcabinet position .

A ministry of finance'sportfolio has a large variety of names around the world, such as "treasury", "finance", "financial affairs", "economy" or "economic affairs". The position of the finance minister might be named for this portfolio, but it may also have some other name, like "Treasurer" or, in theUnited Kingdom, "Chancellor of the Exchequer".

The duties of a finance minister differ between countries. Typically, they encompass one or more of government finances, economic policy and/or financial regulation, but there are significant differences between countries:

  • in some countries the finance minister might also have oversight ofmonetary policy (while in other countries that is the responsibility of an independentcentral bank);
  • in some countries the finance minister might be assisted by one or more other ministers (some supported by a separate government department) with respect to fiscal policy or budget formation;
  • in many countries there is a separate portfolio for general economic policy in the form of a ministry of "economic affairs" or "national economy" or "commerce";
  • in many countries financial regulation is handled by a separate agency, which might be overseen by the finance ministry or some other government body.

Finance ministers are also often found in governments offederated states or provinces of afederal country. In these cases their powers may be substantially limited by superior legislative or fiscal policy, notably the control of taxation, spending, currency, inter-bank interest rates and themoney supply.

The powers of a finance minister vary between governments. In theUnited States, the finance minister is called the "Secretary of the Treasury", though there is a separate and subordinateTreasurer of the United States, and it is the director of theOffice of Management and Budget who drafts thebudget.

In theUnited Kingdom, the equivalent of the finance minister is theChancellor of the Exchequer. Due to a quirk of history, the Chancellor of the Exchequer is also styledSecond Lord of the Treasury with thePrime Minister also holding the historic position ofFirst Lord of the Treasury. This signals the Prime Minister's seniority and superior responsibility over theTreasury.

InAustralia, the senior minister is theTreasurer, although there is aMinister for Finance who is more junior and, as of 2018[update], heads a separate portfolio of Finance and the Public Service.

Finance ministers can be unpopular if they must raisetaxes or cutspending. Finance ministers whose key decisions had directly benefited both the performance and perception of their country's economic and financial achievements are recognised by the annualEuromoney Finance Minister of the Year award.

Lists of current ministries of finance

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Named "ministry"

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Named "department"

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Other names

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Historical

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Named "ministry"

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Named "department"

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Lists

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See also

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References

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