TheFarman HF.20 and its derivatives were a family of reconnaissance aircraft produced in France shortly before and during theFirst World War. It was a refined version of theFarman MF.11 "Shorthorn" that did away with the type's distinctive landing skids, and incorporated design features fromHenri Farman's designs. It entered service with the French, Belgian and Serbian armies in 1913 (two aircraft conducted reconnaissance during theSiege of Scutari in theFirst Balkan War and one crashed), and with the BritishRFC andRNAS shortly after the outbreak of war. The type was also licence-built in the UK byAirco andGrahame-White.
| HF.20 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Role | Reconnaissance aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Farman |
| Designer | Henri Farman |
| First flight | 1913 |
| Developed from | Farman HF.16 |
The HF.20 was seriously underpowered, and a variety of engines were trialled in the hope of correcting this, none with much success. The problem was eventually solved only when an engine of twice the power of the original powerplant was fitted to theHF.27 variant, by which time the aircraft was already obsolete. Nevertheless, the performance of the HF.20 made it adequate for use on secondary fronts.
Variants
edit- HF.20
- original version withGnome Lambda engine
- HF.21
- 15.5 m (51 ft) span and increased wing area version withGnome Lambda engine. At least one of the few built, entered service with theFliegertruppe of Switzerland.
- HF.22
- 15.58 m (51.1 ft) span and increased wing area version with Gnome Lambda engine.
- HF.22 floatplane
- (akaHF.22bis or Savoia-builtHF.22-H)
- HF.23
- 18.08 m (59.3 ft) span version with Gnome Lambda engine
- HF.24
- 11.5 m (38 ft) span aerobatic version with Gnome Lambda engine
- HF.27
- 155 hp (116 kW)Canton-Unné R9 engine or 240 hp (180 kW)Renault engine with a revised undercarriage that included nose wheels similar to theVoisin III.
Operators
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- Escadrille HF 1
- Escadrille HF 7
- Escadrille HF 13
- Escadrille HF 19
- Escadrille HF 28
- Escadrille HF 32
Greece
- Soviet Air Force - Taken over from the Imperial Russian Air Force.
Specifications (HF.20)
editData fromFrench aircraft of the First World War[1]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2 (pilot and observer)
- Length: 8.06 m (26 ft 5 in)
- Wingspan: 13.65 m (44 ft 9 in)
- Height: 3.15 m (10 ft 4 in)
- Wing area: 35 m2 (380 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 360 kg (794 lb)
- Gross weight: 660 kg (1,455 lb)
- Powerplant: 1 ×Gnome Lambda 7-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine, 60 kW (80 hp)
- Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch wooden pusher propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 165 km/h (103 mph, 89 kn)
- Range: 315 km (196 mi, 170 nmi)
- Endurance: 3 hours
- Service ceiling: 1,050 m (3,440 ft)
- Time to altitude: 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in 22 minutes
- Wing loading: 18 kg/m2 (3.7 lb/sq ft)
Armament
- Guns: 1 × machine gun on flexible mount for observer
- Bombs: small load of 75 mm (3.0 in) bombs
References
edit- ^Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur M. (January 2002).French aircraft of the First World War. Flying Machines Press. pp. 207–212.ISBN 1891268090.
Bibliography
edit- Klaauw, Bart van der (March–April 1999). "Unexpected Windfalls: Accidentally or Deliberately, More than 100 Aircraft 'arrived' in Dutch Territory During the Great War".Air Enthusiast (80):54–59.ISSN 0143-5450.
- Liron, Jean (1984).Les avions Farman. Collection Docavia. Vol. 21. Paris: Éditions Larivière.OCLC 37146471.
- Thomas, Andrew. "In the Footsteps of Daedulus: Early Greek Naval Aviation".Air Enthusiast, No. 94, July–August 2001, pp. 8–9.ISSN 0143-5450
Further reading
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- Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989).Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. pp. 380–381.
- World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. pp. File 894 Sheet 14–15.