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Erich Regener | |
|---|---|
 Erich Regener, May 1929 | |
| Born | 12 November 1881 |
| Died | 27 February 1955(1955-02-27) (aged 73) |
| Alma mater | University of Berlin |
| Known for | Instruments to measure cosmic rays at various altitudes |
| Children | 2 |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Experimental physicist |
| Institutions | Agricultural University of Berlin University of Stuttgart |
| Doctoral advisor | Emil Warburg |
| Doctoral students | Hans Hellmann Debendra Mohan Bose Herman Hoerlin |
Erich Rudolf Alexander Regener (12 November 1881 – 27 February 1955) was a Germanphysicist known primarily for the design and construction of instruments to measurecosmic ray intensity at various altitudes. He is also known for predicting a2.8 K for the temperature of thecosmic microwave background,[1] for the invention of thescintillation counter which contributed to the discovery of the structure of the atom, for his calculation of thecharge of an electron and for his early work on atmospheric ozone. He is also credited with the first use of rockets for scientific research.
Regener was born inSchleusenau (Wilczak) nearBromberg (Bydgoszcz),West Prussia. He studied physics from 1900 to 1905 at theUniversity of Berlin underEmil Warburg and from 1909 worked withHeinrich Rubens. In 1911 he became professor of experimental physics and meteorology at theAgricultural University of Berlin.
In 1920 he became the professor in experimental physics at theUniversity of Stuttgart working alongside the theoretical physicistPaul Peter Ewald. During this time, he developed instruments to measure cosmic rays at various altitudes. Regener's leadership in this field is not always fully recognised as he was persecuted during theNazi era because his wife was of Jewish ancestry. It has been argued that the naming of terms such asPfotzer maximum after his studentGeorg Pfotzer is misleading as Regener was the principal scientist for this work.[2]
Bruno Rossi wrote of this period that[3]
"In the late 1920s and early 1930s the technique of self-recording electroscopes carried by balloons into the highest layers of the atmosphere or sunk to great depths under water was brought to an unprecedented degree of perfection by the German physicist Erich Regener and his group. To these scientists we owe some of the most accurate measurements ever made of cosmic-ray ionization as a function of altitude and depth."
Ernest Rutherford stated in 1931 that[4]
"thanks to the fine experiments of Professor Millikan and the even more far-reaching experiments of Professor Regener, we have now got for the first time, a curve of absorption of these radiations in water which we may safely rely upon."
In 1937 Regener was forced into "provisional retirement" by theNational Socialists. He then founded the private "Research Laboratory for the Physics of the Stratosphere" inFriedrichshafen onLake Constance, which later became a part of theKaiser Wilhelm Society. In 1939 he was invited to work at the German Army-Air Force rocket research station inPeenemünde where he developed a spectrograph protected by a steel casing. This instrument, later called theRegener-Tonne was the first scientificpayload for arocket designed to reach high altitude. Regener overcame the problems of getting the parachute canopy to open at extreme high altitudes by inflating the parachute with compressed air. After a successful test flight the project was cancelled in September 1944 and the rockets were used as long-range missiles againstBritain. The capsule disappeared after Peenemunde tests in 1944 but later resurfaced in the United States.
In 1948 Regener was appointed the first vice president of theMax Planck Society. He was also cofounder of theMax Planck Institute for Solar System Research withWalter Dieminger and was instrumental in attracting physicists back to post-war Germany.
Regener was the father of physicist Victor H. Regener[5] and Erika Regener. Erika Regener later married one of Erich Regener's students,Henri Daniel Rathgeber.
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