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Energia (corporation)

S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation "Energia" (Russian:Ракетно-космическая корпорация «Энергия» им. С. П. Королёва,romanized: Raketno-kosmicheskaya korporatsiya «Energiya» im. S. P. Korolyova) is a Russian manufacturer ofspacecraft andspace station components. Its name is derived from the Russian word for energy and is also named forSergei Pavlovich Korolev, the first chief of its design bureau and the driving force behind early Soviet accomplishments in space exploration.

S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation "Energia"
A building with the Energia logo on it
Native name
Ракетно-космическая корпорация «Энергия» им. С. П. Королёва
FormerlyRSC Energia
RKK "Energiya"
NPO Energia
TsKBEM
OKB-1
Company typePublic
IndustryAerospace,defense
Founded26 August 1946; 78 years ago (1946-08-26)[1]
FoundersSergei Korolev
Headquarters,
Russia
RevenueUS$726 million (2017)[2]
US$37.8 million (2017)[2]
US$21.1 million (2017)[2]
Total assetsUS$1.97 billion (2017)[2]
Total equityUS$65.3 million (2017)[2]
OwnerUnited Rocket and Space Corporation (38.2%)[3]
Number of employees
7,791 (2017) Edit this on Wikidata
Websiteenergia.ru/english

Overview

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Energia is the largest company of theRussian space industry and one of its key players. It is responsible for all operations involving human spaceflight and is the lead developer of theSoyuz andProgress spacecraft, and the lead developer of the Russian end of theInternational Space Station (ISS). In the mid-2000s, the company employed 22,000–30,000 people.[4]

The enterprise has been awarded 4Orders of Lenin,Order of the October Revolution and Russian Federation President's Message of Thanks. In addition, 14cosmonauts employed by the company have been awarded the title "Hero of the Russian Federation".[5]

Structure

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Prime MinisterVladimir Putin in the museum of the Energia Rocket and Space Corporation

The company consists of the following subsidiaries and branches:[5]

  • Primary Design Bureau
  • Baikonur branch
  • ZAO Experimental Machine-building Plant
  • ZAO Volzhskoye DB
  • ZAO POKosmos

As of 2009[update], 38% of the company's stock was owned by the Russian state.[5]

History

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The company was founded on 26 August 1946[1][a] and has been known successively as:

  • SpecialDesign Bureau number 1 of RD Institute number 88 (Russian:ОКБ-1 НИИ-88 orOKB-1 ofNII-88)
  • TsKBEM (Central Design Bureau of Experimental Machine Building)[6]
  • NPO Energia
  • S. P. Korolev RSC Energia

It is named after the first chief of its design bureauSergei Korolev (1946–1966). His successors as chief designers were:Vasily Mishin (1966–1974),Valentin Glushko (1974–1989),Yuriy Semenov [ru] (1989–2005),Nikolai Sevastianov (2005–2007). Its President and Chief designer wasVitaly Lopota, until 1 August 2014.[7]

Korolev's design bureau was, beginning with the first artificial satelliteSputnik 1 and the first crewed spaceflight ofVostok 1, responsible for a major part of the Soviet space program. It was the main rival ofOKB-52 (later known asTsKBM, then the design bureau ofVladimir Chelomei) during theSoviet crewed lunar programs and theSoviet space station program.[8] OKB-1 was among others responsible for the development of the crewedSoyuz spacecraft and itsSoyuz rocket, theN1 "Moon Shot" rocket, large parts of theSalyut space station program, the uncrewedProgress resupply craft and designed theEnergia rocket for theBuran space shuttle program. Since the early beginnings of theLuna programme it designed many space probes, among others of theVenera,Zond andMars program.

The company continues to dominate a large part of the Russian space program, and a considerable part of the World's space program, with its Soyuz spacecraft having become the only crewed spacecraft conducting regular flights and the exclusive crew transport vehicle for theInternational Space Station from theSpace Shuttle retirement in 2011 and until the maiden flight ofCrew Dragon Endeavour in 2020. The ChineseShenzhou program is the only other program in the world with planned semi-regular crewed spaceflights.

The President ofEnergia,Vitaly Lopota, was removed from his post as president on August 1, 2014.Dmitry Rogozin indicated that this was the start of "long-awaited personnel reform in [the Russian] space industry... Tough times require tough decisions".[7] Lopota was offered the position of vice president for technological development in theUnited Rocket and Space Corporation,[7] the new company formed in 2013 to re-nationalize the Russian space industry.[9]

Ongoing projects

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Energia builds:

Future projects

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  1. Modernization of "Soyuz TMA" spacecraft for human circum-lunar missions – pending commercial orders forspace tourism.
  2. Development of "Parom" space tug (in order to replaceProgress M cargo spacecraft).
  3. Development of multi-aimedOrel spacecraft (instead of abandonedKliper project) for six persons.
  • Development of crewed lunar program: landing by 2025, creating of permanent lunar base by 2030 in order to extracthelium-3.
  • Development of humanMars mission: landing beyond 2035.
  • Development ofYamal-300 andYamal-400 communication satellites forGazprom corporation.
  • Development of "Smotr"remote sensing satellites.
  • Development of a pod designed for clearing near-Earth space of satellite debris. The new device is planned to be assembled by 2020 and tested by 2023. The concept is to build the device to use a nuclear power source so that it could remain on task for up to 15 years, primarily working in the geosynchronous orbit zone. Debris collected would be de-orbited to re-enter over the ocean.[10]

Historic projects

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Over the years the products of Energia and its predecessors included:

Including meteorological rockets as their modifications:

Research, observation and communication Earth satellites

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Deep Space exploration spacecraft

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Cargo spacecraft

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Crewed spacecraft

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Earth space stations

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Lunar orbital spacecraft

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Committee of innovative youth projects

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KIPM logo

Committee of Innovative Youth Projects (Russian: Комитет инновационных проектов молодежи) also known asKIPM of RSC Energia is a network structure that unites specialists and heads of different divisions to quickly develop and launch innovative products. KIPM was established in early 2016 on the initiative of a group of young engineers from the RSC Energia. The main task of the new structure is to give young specialists the opportunity to realize their creative ideas. The main criterion for projects selecting is their potential demand in the market.

Currently KIPM work on five projects:

  • Unmanned aerial vehicle remote power supply
  • 1U-6U Cubesat Deployer
  • Parachute system with an elastic linkage and tandem cargo separation
  • Assembly of lunar expedition complex at LEO
  • Hardware and software system for space experiments onboard crewed space station.

See also

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Note

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  1. ^The book "Rockets and People"Volume 2, p. 16, give the founding day as 16 August.

References

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  1. ^ab"S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia". Archived fromthe original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved29 May 2020.
  2. ^abcdehttp://e-disclosure.ru/portal/files.aspx?id=1615&type=3.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title= (help)
  3. ^"Список аффилированных лиц".e-disclosure.ru. Retrieved26 August 2017.
  4. ^Harvey, Brian (2007). "The design bureaus".The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program (1st ed.). Germany: Springer.ISBN 978-0-387-71354-0.
  5. ^abc"OAO Rocket and Space Corporation Energia after S.P. Korolev". OAO Energia. Archived fromthe original on 11 July 2016. Retrieved5 October 2009.
  6. ^"Tragic Tangle".System Failure Case Studies.4 (10). NASA. 2010. Archived fromthe original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved30 August 2012.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  7. ^abc"Chief of RSC Energia removed from his post". Space Digest. 2 August 2014. Archived fromthe original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved3 August 2014.
  8. ^"Almaz". RussianSpaceWeb.com.
  9. ^Messier, Doug (9 October 2013)."Rogozin Outlines Plans for Consolidating Russia's Space Industry".Parabolic Arc. Archived fromthe original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved3 August 2014.
  10. ^"Russia To Spend US2 Billion Dollars For Space Clean-Up". Retrieved24 November 2010.

External links

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